Population dynamics of pedigree leopards,Panthera pardus ssp, in captivity

Zoo Biology ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan H. Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
In Captivity

scholarly journals Long-term trends in wild-capture and population dynamics point to an uncertain future for captive elephants

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1899) ◽  
pp. 20182810 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Jackson ◽  
Dylan Z. Childs ◽  
Khyne U. Mar ◽  
Win Htut ◽  
Virpi Lummaa
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
As Species ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Elephant Population ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Primary Focus

Maintaining sustainable populations in captivity without supplementation through wild-capture is a major challenge in conservation that zoos and aquaria are working towards. However, the capture of wild animals continues for many purposes where conservation is not the primary focus. Wild-capture hinders long-term conservation goals by reducing remaining wild populations, but the direct and long-term indirect consequences of wild-capture for captive population viability are rarely addressed using longitudinal data. We explored the implications of changes in wild-capture on population dynamics in captivity over 54 years using a multi-generational studbook of working Asian elephants ( Elephas maximus ) from Myanmar, the largest remaining captive elephant population. Here we show that population growth and birth rates declined between 1960 and 2014 with declines in wild-capture. Importantly, wild-caught females had reduced birth rates and a higher mortality risk. However, despite the disadvantages of wild-capture, the population may not be sustainable without it, with immediate declines owing to an unstable age-structure that may last for 50 years. Our results highlight the need to assess the long-term demographic consequences of wild-capture to ensure the sustainability of captive and wild populations as species are increasingly managed and conserved in altered or novel environments.

Ovarian activity in Arabian leopards (Panthera pardus nimr): sexual behaviour and faecal steroid monitoring during the follicular cycle, mating and pregnancy

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florine J. de Haas van Dorsser ◽  
Daphne I. Green ◽  
William V. Holt ◽  
Amanda R. Pickard
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Arabian Peninsula ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Steroid Profiles ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Steroid Excretion

The Arabian leopard is a critically endangered subspecies endemic to the Arabian Peninsula. A fundamental understanding of the ovarian activity of the leopard is important to enhance the success with which it breeds in captivity. The objective of the present study was to characterise the endocrinology of the follicular cycle, ovulation and pregnancy in captive females using faecal steroid hormone analyses and observations of sexual behaviour. The follicular cycle of the leopard was shown to last 18–23 days based on the interval between consecutive peaks of faecal oestrogen conjugates, and the occurrence of silent heats was high. Puberty had commenced at 2 years of age, but faecal steroid profiles did not match those of the adult female until 3 years of age. No seasonal change in ovarian steroid excretion was observed, although behavioural oestrus was suppressed in summer. Significant rises in faecal progestagen concentrations were only recorded in mated leopards, indicating that these females were strictly induced ovulators. However, only 60% of these mating periods were ovulatory. Progestagen concentrations during pregnancy were significantly higher than those of the non-pregnant luteal phase. The average duration of the non-pregnant and pregnant luteal phases was 39 and 97 days, respectively. The basic features of the reproductive cycle of the Arabian leopard described here form an important foundation for further study into its reproduction.

scholarly journals What do we know about survival of Common cranes? An elementary introduction with Euring databank

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis M. Bautista ◽  
Juan C. Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Apparent Survival ◽  
Elapsed Time ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Species Population ◽  
Grus Grus ◽  
Common Crane

The increase of the western populations of Common cranes (Grus grus) in the last five decades highlights the need to estimate survival rates. According to Euring databank (EDB), the oldest Common crane ever known was 27 years old in year 2017. This lifespan was obtained by means of 24,900 recoveries of 2,124 ringed cranes collected between years 1936 and 2017. Nearly all cranes were ringed and observed in the last 30 years, and therefore the elapsed time was not enough to reach the maximum longevity reported for the species in captivity (43 years, Mitchell 1911). Life expectancy was five years on average after the ring was attached. Here we provide some elementary analyses to calculate the annual apparent survival rate (ϕ = 0.85) and the annual encounter probability (p = 0.45) of Common cranes, as a first step to advance in the knowledge of the species' population dynamics. The great increase of breeding and wintering crane populations in western Europe in the last decades remains largely unexplained.

scholarly journals Population dynamics and threats to an apex predator outside protected areas: implications for carnivore management

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 161090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samual T. Williams ◽  
Kathryn S. Williams ◽  
Bradley P. Lewis ◽  
Russell A. Hill
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Carnivore Conservation ◽  
Gps Collars ◽  
Trophy Hunting ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Data on the population dynamics and threats to large carnivores are vital to conservation efforts, but these are hampered by a paucity of studies. For some species, such as the leopard ( Panthera pardus ), there is such uncertainty in population trends that leopard trophy hunting has been banned in South Africa since 2016 while further data on leopard abundance are collected. We present one of the first assessments of leopard population dynamics, and identify the key threats to a population of leopards outside of protected areas in South Africa. We conducted a long-term trap survey between 2012 and 2016 in the Soutpansberg Mountains, and drew on a previous estimate of leopard population density for the region from 2008. In 24 sampling periods, we estimated the population density and assessed population structure. We fitted eight leopards with GPS collars to assess threats to the population. Leopard population density declined by 66%, from 10.73 to 3.65 leopards per 100 km 2 in 2008 and 2016, respectively. Collared leopards had a high mortality rate, which appeared to be due to illegal human activity. While improving the management of trophy hunting is important, we suggest that mitigating human–wildlife conflict could have a bigger impact on carnivore conservation.

scholarly journals Human Caused Mortality in the Leopard (Panthera pardus) Population of Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tej B. Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Lethal Control ◽  
Specific Mortality

Estimating cause specific leopard (Panthera pardus) mortality is critical to their conservation. This paper examined leopard death reports during 2006-2013 in order to estimate cause-specific mortality, identify conservation issues related to leopard mortality and provide recommendations for reducing human-caused mortality in Nepal. Data revealed that the leopards in the human dominated landscape are susceptible to variation in survival caused by human induced mortality (65%), with retaliation (31%) and lethal control (20%) of declared problem leopard as a significant part. Elevated human induced mortality can cause large scale stochasticity influencing population dynamics of leopard. The conservation of leopards needs to acknowledge strategies to limit retaliatory killings and lethal control in the plans, while addressing its conflicts with human. Efforts to reduce human-caused mortality should focus on reducing poaching and deaths from human-leopards conflicts.  Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2014, 19(1): 155-159

scholarly journals Serum calcium and inorganic phosphorus in tigers (Panthera tigris) and Leopard (Panthera pardus) kept in captivity

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 172-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Singh ◽  
C. Singh ◽  
A. Kumar ◽  
K.K. Sinha ◽  
P.C. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Serum Calcium ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
In Captivity

scholarly journals Deposition of growth layer groups in dentine tissue of captive common dolphins Delphinus delphis

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinéad Murphy ◽  
Matthew Perrott ◽  
Jill McVee ◽  
Fiona L Read ◽  
Karin A Stockin
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Growth Layer ◽  
Delphinus Delphis ◽  
Pulp Cavity ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Layer Groups ◽  
Common Dolphins

Knowledge of age structure and longevity (maximum age) are essential for modelling marine mammal population dynamics. Estimation of age in common dolphins (Delphinus spp.) is primarily based on counting Growth Layer Groups (GLGs) in the dentine of thin, decalcified and stained sections of teeth. An annual incremental deposition rate was validated for Delphinus spp. 30-years ago through the use of tetracycline. However, it is not known if the pulp cavity becomes occluded in older individuals or GLGs continue to be deposited in dentine tissue. To investigate the deposition of GLGs in dentine tissue, teeth samples were obtained during the necropsies of two short-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) that were held in captivity for 31 and 33 years in New Zealand. Individuals were captured together in Hawkes Bay, North Island, New Zealand and classified as juveniles based on physical appearance. Teeth were processed in two ageing laboratories, using four different bone decalcifiers, two sectioning techniques incorporating the use of both a freezing microtome (-20°C) and paraffin microtome, and two different stains. An age was estimated for one of the dolphins, in line with that proposed based on estimated age at capture and period in captivity. However, a hypomineralised area was observed in the dentine tissue close to the pulp cavity of the second individual, preventing estimation of maximum age. The presence and structure of this anomaly is explored further within the study. 

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