Protein Intake in the First Year of Life: A Risk Factor for Later Obesity?

To investigate the possible causes of relatively low blood γ-globulin levels (≤0.5 gm/dl) during the first year of life, 287 patients less than 1 year of age who were suffering from mild diseases were studied retrospectively. They were divided into two groups, those with a γ-globulin level less than 0.5 gm/dl and those with a γ-globulin level greater than 0.5 gm/dl. By reconstructing the diets given, it was found that they had been receiving isocaloric diets that differed only in protein supply: patients with lower γ-globulin levels received 2.9 gm/kg/day of protein and patients with higher γ-globulin levels received 4.0 gm/ kg/day. Fifty-five healthy subjects were studied prospectively during the first year of life on two isocaloric diets that differed only in their protein content: the first one supplied 2.5 gm/kg/day of protein and the second supplied 4.0 gm/kg/day. At approximately 5, 7, and 10 months of age, hemoglobin, total protein, albumin, globulins, immunoglobulins, and other common blood parameters were measured. Patients on the lower protein diet had a γ-globulin concentration of less than or equal to 0.5 gm/dl and those on the higher protein diet had a γ-globulin concentration of greater than or equal to 0.8 gm/dl. Immunoglobulin levels, particularly IgG, were lower in patients on the lower protein diet. The subjects with lower protein intake and lower levels of γ-globulin and immunoglobulins showed significantly higher morbidity.

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DOZ047.01: Risk factors for anastomotic strictures in the first year after esophageal atresia repair: data from a prospective multicentric cohort

Diseases of the Esophagus ◽

10.1093/dote/doz047.01 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

M Aumar ◽

V Rousseau ◽

A Bonnard ◽

R Sfeir ◽

T Gelas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Total Population ◽

Type A ◽

First Year ◽

Multicentric Study ◽

Recurrent Stricture ◽

Independent Risk Factors ◽

Type C ◽

First Year Of Life

Abstract Objectives and study Anastomotic stricture (AS) is a frequent complication of the surgery for œsophageal atresia (OA) during the first year of life. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of AS before 1 year old in infants with type A and C OA who were operated on. Secondary objectives were to determine risk factors for AS in OA, for recurrent and refractory AS, and to establish if AS is associated with antireflux surgery. Methods A prospective national multicentric study was conducted including all infants born with OA between 2008 and 2015. Patients deceased before one year old, OA types B and E, and patients for whom data about AS were missing were excluded from the study. Data were collected at birth and at 12 months of age. Anastomosis under tension was defined by the surgeon and a delayed anastomosis was defined by an anastomosis after 15 days of life. Recurrent stricture was defined by the need of ≥3 dilations and refractory stricture was defined by the need of ≥5 dilations. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were conducted. Results Of the 1258 eligible patients (84%), 1054 were included in the study from 38 centers. The prevalence of AS in the first year of life was 23.3% [20.7–28.9]. Anastomosis under tension (AUT) and delayed anastomosis (DA) were found to be independent risk factors for AS (respectively 2.5 [1.73–3.45] and 3.7 [1.95–7.2] (OR [CL 95%])) in the total population. Neither sex, birth weight, prematurity, intrauterine growth retardation, associated malformations, type A OA, nor the type of surgical approach was a risk factor for AS. In type C OA, DA was the only risk factor for AS (OR: 3.1 [1.65–5.86]). The group with AS had 2.5-fold more fundoplication compared to the patients without AS (P = 0.0005) in the total population and in type C OA. AUT and DA were found to be independent risk factors for recurrent stricture (OR: 2.4 [1.47–3.9] and 4.7 [2.2–10.4], respectively) and DA was the only risk factor for refractory stricture (OR: 6.23 [2.4–16.2]). Conclusion Surgical factors at the time of first repair of OA are the only risk factors for AS.

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Passive Smoke Exposure and Otitis Media in the First Year of Life

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.95.5.670 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 95 (5) ◽

pp. 670-677

Author(s):

John L. Ey ◽

Catharine J. Holberg ◽

Michael B. Aldous ◽

Anne L. Wright ◽

Fernando D. Martinez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Maternal Smoking ◽

Health Maintenance Organization ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

First Year ◽

Health Maintenance ◽

First Year Of Life

Objective. This study examined, in a health maintenance organization population of children, the associations between parents' smoking and otitis media (OM) in their children while controlling for other known risk factors. Methods. Healthy newborns (1246) in a large health maintenance organization were enrolled at birth, and 1013 (81%) were followed prospectively for the first year of life. Their medical records were reviewed for the diagnosis of otitis media. Information on risk factors for recurrent OM (ROM) was collected, including a number of variables related to parental smoking. Results. After controlling for other known risk factors for ROM including gender, day care, other siblings in the home, parental history of hay fever, and method of feeding, it was found that heavy maternal smoking of 20 or more cigarettes per day was a significant risk factor for ROM but not for nonrecurrent otitis. Heavy maternal smoking was associated with a threefold risk for ROM if the infant weighed less than the mean at birth (3.5 kg) after controlling for other risk factors. No association was found with paternal smoking. Conclusions. Heavy maternal smoking is a significant risk factor for ROM in the first year of life. This smoking effect seems to be stronger among infants of lower birth weight.

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Role and sources of protein in the nutrition of young children

Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health ◽

10.32364/2618-8430-2021-4-1-65-69 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 65-69

Author(s):

E.A. Pyr’eva ◽

◽

A.I. Safronova ◽

E.A. Netunaeva ◽

M.I. Timoshina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Protein Intake ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Quantitative Composition ◽

First Year ◽

International Studies ◽

Food Protein ◽

Supplementary Food ◽

Health And Development ◽

First Year Of Life

This paper discusses the introduction of complementary feeding considering the novel data on its role in ensuring the health and development of a child. One of the most controversial issues is protein intake that significantly changes both quantitatively and qualitatively after introducing supplementary food. Excessive protein intake is associated with metabolic load and growth acceleration that is considered the predictor of overweight and obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes. The importance of meat puree in the first year of life (also from the perspective of optimizing nutrition to achieve adequate zinc and iron levels) is highlighted. Domestic and international studies on the effects of proteins of various origins (meat, milk, etc.) on growth and the risk of obesity are addressed. The importance of qualitative rather than quantitative composition of consumed protein is emphasized. KEYWORDS: young children, supplementary food, protein, meat, growth, insulin-like growth factor. FOR CITATION: Pyr’eva E.A., Safronova A.I., Netunaeva E.A., Timoshina M.I. Role and sources of protein in the nutrition of young children. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2021;4(1):65–69. DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2021-4-1-65-69.

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Is breast feeding a risk factor for eczema during the first year of life?

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology ◽

10.1111/j.1399-3038.2007.00543.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 410-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Manana Sariachvili ◽

Jos Droste ◽

Sandra Dom ◽

Marjan Wieringa ◽

Akke Vellinga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

First Year ◽

First Year Of Life

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Are pediatric patients with epilepsy at higher risk for COVID-19 Retrospective analysis from Sidra Medicine, Doha-Qatar

International Journal of Central Nervous System Disease ◽

10.28933/ijcnsd-2021-05-0505 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

School Attendance ◽

Dravet Syndrome ◽

First Year ◽

Local Spread ◽

Containment Measures ◽

Estimate Rate ◽

First Year Of Life ◽

System 1 ◽

Patients With Epilepsy

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), spread in few months from a small focus in Wuhan (Hubei province, China) to over 28 million people worldwide , COVID-19 is often more severe in people 60+yrs or with health conditions like lung ,heart disease, diabetes or conditions that affect their immune system (1). Several countries independently adopted strict containment measures to slow the local spread of SARS-CoV-2. As other countries, widespread lockdown measures were applied in Doha –Qatar from March 17 to June 1st 2020 that restricted physical contacts, individual movements including school attendance. This reflected during the beginning of the academic year 2020-2021 by parental fear to send their children with epilepsy back to their school considering that epilepsy could be a risk factor for covid19 infection. The prevalence of epilepsy in children ranges from 3.2 to 5.5 per 1000, being highest in the first year of life, but matching adult rates by the end of the first decade (2). Epilepsy in children is the second greatest neurological disorder burden worldwide (3), often associated with cognitive and psychiatric comorbidities (4). These patients were not highly susceptible to COVID-19 during the pandemic, the estimate rate of infection among pediatric patient with epilepsy was around (0.4%) for those who became sick. Meanwhile Viral infection is a risk factor for seizures in children with certain developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE) with fever sensitivity, such as Dravet Syndrome and SCN1A-related phenotypes. We aimed to assess if the COVID-19 infection affected children with epilepsy in a higher rate than other children.

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