Understanding and Modeling Gas Breakthrough in the Karachaganak Gas Condensate Field

Field production constrained with surface facilities on gas handling have to deal with well rates optimization by reducing gas oil ratio of the field production. This means the best way of reducing gas oil ratio on field level is not by closing wells with the highest gas oil ratio but chocking back wells where gas breakthrough occurred and GOR of a well is rate dependent [1]. In this paper, authors modeled and analyzed wells with gas breakthrough in single porosity and dual porosity sector models. The analysis showed single porosity models underestimate severity of gas breakthrough and fail to predict rate dependent GOR of a well in the field. Also, based on the sector model using machine-learning technique an empirical equation was developed to estimate rate dependent GOR of a well which can be further used in field level production optimization exercise to reach maximum liquid production under gas processing constraints.

Systematic review and meta-analysis on effectiveness and safety of the full-thickness resection device (FTRD) in the colon

Background Endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR) has expanded the possibilities of endoscopic resection. The full-thickness resection device (FTRD, Ovesco Endoscopy, Tübingen, Germany) combines a clip-based defect closure and snare resection in a single device. Methods Systematic review and meta-analysis on effectiveness and safety of the FTRD in the colon. Results A total of 26 studies (12 published as full-text articles and 14 conference papers) with 1538 FTRD procedures were included. The pooled estimate for reaching the target lesion was 96.1 % (95 % confidence interval [95 % CI]: 94.6–97.1) and 90.0 % (95 % CI: 87.0–92.3) for technically successful resection. Pooled estimate of histologically complete resection was 77.8 % (95 % CI: 74.7–80.6). Adverse events occurred at a pooled estimate rate of 8.0 % (95 % CI: 5.8–10.4). Pooled estimates for bleeding and perforation were 1.5 % (95 % CI: 0.3–3.3) and 0.3 % (95 % CI: 0.0–0.9), respectively. The rate for need of emergency surgery after FTRD was 1.0 % (95 % CI: 0.4–1.8). Conclusion The use of the FTRD in the colon shows very high rates of technical success and complete resection (R0) as well as a low risk of adverse events. Emergency surgery after colonic FTRD resection is necessary in single cases only.

Endoscopic Vacuum Therapy in Patients with Transmural Defects of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis

A transmural defect of the upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract is a life-threatening condition associated with high morbidity and mortality. Recently, endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) has shown rather excellent efficacy in managing UGI defects. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesise the available evidence on the efficacy of EVT in patients with transmural defects of the UGI tract. We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases for publications on the effect of EVT on successful closure, mortality, complications, and post-EVT stricture. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. This meta-analysis included 29 studies involving 498 participants. The pooled estimate rate of EVT for successful closure was 0.85 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.81–0.88). The pooled estimate rate for mortality, complications, and post-EVT stricture was 0.11, 0.10, and 0.14, respectively. According to the aetiology of the transmural defect (perforation vs. leak and fistula), no significant difference was found in successful closure (odds ratio [OR]: 1.45, 95% CI: 0.45–4.67), mortality (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.24–2.46), complications (OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.17–5.15), and post-EVT stricture (OR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.12–4.24). The successful closure rate was significantly higher with EVT than with self-expanding metal stent (SEMS) placement (OR: 3.52, 95% CI: 1.79–6.91). In conclusion, EVT is an effective and safe treatment for treating leaks and fistulae as well as perforations in UGI defects. Moreover, EVT seems to be a better treatment option than SEMS placement in healing UGI defects.

Are pediatric patients with epilepsy at higher risk for COVID-19 Retrospective analysis from Sidra Medicine, Doha-Qatar

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), spread in few months from a small focus in Wuhan (Hubei province, China) to over 28 million people worldwide , COVID-19 is often more severe in people 60+yrs or with health conditions like lung ,heart disease, diabetes or conditions that affect their immune system (1). Several countries independently adopted strict containment measures to slow the local spread of SARS-CoV-2. As other countries, widespread lockdown measures were applied in Doha –Qatar from March 17 to June 1st 2020 that restricted physical contacts, individual movements including school attendance. This reflected during the beginning of the academic year 2020-2021 by parental fear to send their children with epilepsy back to their school considering that epilepsy could be a risk factor for covid19 infection. The prevalence of epilepsy in children ranges from 3.2 to 5.5 per 1000, being highest in the first year of life, but matching adult rates by the end of the first decade (2). Epilepsy in children is the second greatest neurological disorder burden worldwide (3), often associated with cognitive and psychiatric comorbidities (4). These patients were not highly susceptible to COVID-19 during the pandemic, the estimate rate of infection among pediatric patient with epilepsy was around (0.4%) for those who became sick. Meanwhile Viral infection is a risk factor for seizures in children with certain developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE) with fever sensitivity, such as Dravet Syndrome and SCN1A-related phenotypes. We aimed to assess if the COVID-19 infection affected children with epilepsy in a higher rate than other children.

Organizational And Technological Features Of Additional Resource Provision Of Facilities When Producing Works In The Winter

The basis of the formation of capital costs is the resource provision of the construction of the object, which should take into account the features of the applied technologies and methods of construction in different climatic conditions. The article analyzes the normative documents regulating the organizational and technological features of conducting construction works and establishing requirements for additional resource provision, depending on the different climatic conditions of the winter period. On the basis of the evaluation of the initial conditions as well as the complicating factors of production of works included in the estimate rate for the winter rise in price, the additional resourcing production work in the winter, did not take into account in the estimated standards, is substantiated. Additional resource provision when conducting works in winter in areas exposed to winds of more than 10 m/s is considered. The additional costs of temporary heating and accelerated drying (outside the heating period) to eliminate the high humidity of structures or treated surfaces when producing finishing and other special works are justified. The significance of the study conducted is the practical account of the additional necessary resource provision of the enterprises of the construction complex to ensure the quality execution of construction and installation works.

DYNAMICS AND VARIABILITY IN INCOME FROM FARMING IN FARMS OPERATING IN METROPOLITAN AREAS IN POLAND

The aim of the paper was to indicate differences in income from agricultural activity earned by farm owners located in different zones under the influence of a big city. The study covered entities from six voivodships: Lower Silesia, Lubelskie, Lesser Poland, Masovia, Pomerania and Greater Poland. The database of the Polish FADN system was the source of data presented in the analysis. The outer and inner metropolitan zone have been distinguished as well as the group of objects located outside metropolitan areas. For the distinguished groups, a comparative analysis was carried out. Research pinpointed that in the inner metropolitan area zone, there was evidently a considerably higher income from a farm on one unit of own work and the estimate rate of wage for an hour of hired work. The average value of these categories was diminishing in subsequent zones along with moving away from the core of metropolitan areas. Apart from that, in all the three researched groups of farms, the average rate of wage of own work was higher than the rate of wage of hired work. This means that farm owners also take wages from management and the incurred economy risk. The height of these wages is subjected to considerable fluctuation that result from e.g., observed economic fluctuations in agriculture.

Weighted statistical approximation properties of univariate and bivariate λ-Kantorovich operators

In this study, we consider statistical approximation properties of univariate and bivariate ?-Kantorovich operators. We estimate rate of weighted A-statistical convergence and prove a Voronovskajatype approximation theorem by a family of linear operators using the notion of weighted A-statistical convergence. We give some estimates for differences of ?-Bernstein and ?-Durrmeyer, and ?-Bernstein and ?-Kantorovich operators. We establish a Voronovskaja-type approximation theorem by weighted A-statistical convergence for the bivariate case.

BIOMASSA AND ACCUMULATION CARBON ON SEAGRASS Enhalus acroides IN GUNUNG BOTAK BAY COASTAL, WEST PAPUA

Seagrass is a high level and a flowering plant that is fully adapted to life in the coastal and has ability to store carbon by 10% of the carbon content in the oceans. The research doing at Gunung Botak Bay Coastal South Manokwari Regency with objective of research to estimate seagrass density and to estimate rate accumulation of carbon from Enhalus acroides. Some the stages of the research done is density sample as long to period 2015 (April and Mei) into (September and Ocktober). Other sampling to collecting seagrass to estimate carbon storage in part like daun, rhizome root and substrat. Result to showing average carbon accumulation of seagrass in above below ground is rhizome part and higher in Statiun1 (13.16±3.8),stasiun 3 (5.4±2.9) dan stasiun 5 (6.2±1.1) or the generally accumulation carbon in the three is 8.24 kg from Enhalus acroides. Future more, accumulation carbon in sediment as a 1664,2 in dept 0-20 cm and 20-60 cm. Seagrass carbon storage capabilities will assist in mitigation efforts to reduce the impact of climate change in Indonesia, especially in West Papua.

A Comparison of Minimal Pharmacokinetic Models for an Anti-diabetic Agent

In diabetes studies, pharmacologists rely on statistical techniques tied with experimental results to describe the plasma concentration of an anti-diabetic agent. However, these sets of statistical information only provide minimal inference to the drug’s kinetics. To understand the effect of an anti-diabetic agent to a glucose-insulin system, it is necessary to predict its movement in the system over a specific time interval. In this study, a set of simple pharmacokinetic models was formulated to describe the dynamics of the plasma concentration of an anti-diabetic agent known as metformin. The models were fitted to empirical data via nonlinear regression analysis and were compared using Akaike information criterion to determine the most reasonable model and parameter estimates. The results reveal that models considering varying absorption rate have a promising fit. These models can be extended to multiple drug dosage cases and can be used to estimate rate constants associated to other anti-diabetic agents. Read full article here.

Pressure-Transient Behavior of Multisegment Horizontal Wells With Nonuniform Production: Theory and Case Study

Field data indicate production profile along horizontal wells is nonuniform. This paper develops an analytical model of multisegment horizontal wells (MSHWs) to estimate rate distribution along horizontal wellbore, interpret the effective producing length (EPL), and identify underperforming horizontal sections using bottom-hole pressure (BHP) data. Pressure solutions enable to model an MSHW with nonuniform distribution of length, spacing, rate, and skin factor. The solution is verified with the analytical solution in commercial software. Type curves are generated to analyze the pressure-transient behavior. The second radial-flow (SRF) occurs for the MSHWs, and the duration of SRF depends on interference between segments. The pressure-derivative curve during SRF equals to 0.5/Np (Np denotes the number of mainly producing segments (PS)) under weak interference between segments. The calculated average permeability may be Np times lower than accurate value when the SRF is misinterpreted as pseudoradial-flow regime. The point (0, 0, h/2) are selected as the reference point, and symmetrical cases will generate different results, enabling us to distinguish them. Finally, field application indicates the potential practical application to identify the underperforming horizontal segments.