Substitusi Tepung Ubi Jalar Ungu dan Tepung Tempe pada Bolu Cukke Merupakan Alternatif PMT untuk Ibu Hamil dan Balita

Supplementary food, especially for vulnerable groups such as pregnant women and toddlers, is one strategy in dealing with nutritional problems, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study was to determine the acceptability of Bolu Cukke with purple sweet potato flour and tempeh flour substitutes. Experimental research was conducted at the Food Technology Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Poltekkes, Ministry of Health Makassar with a total of 50 panelists in 2019. The nutritional content was analyzed using the Kjhedal method for protein, gravimetry for fat, and titrimetry for carbohydrates. Acceptance test was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test with 95% confidence level. The results showed that the color and aroma of the four sample groups were different (p=0.000 and p=0.028), while there was no difference in texture and taste. Based on the nutritional content, group C had the highest protein content, group A had the highest fat content while group D had the highest carbohydrate content.

Upaya Mempercepat Penyembuhan Diare pada Balita dengan Pemberian Makanan Tambahan Puding Madu

ABSTRAKDiare adalah salah satu penyakit yang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di negara-negara berkembang. Penyakit diare sebagai penyebab kedua angka kesakitan dan angka kematian pada balita di Indonesia. Sebagian orang menganggap diare sering terjadi karena keracunan makanan. Status nutrisi bisa menjadi faktor perancu karena status nutrisi mempengaruhi durasi diare dan juga efektifitas prebiotik dalam meningkatkan respon imunitas. Studi pendahulan yang dilakukan di BPM Rusmiati Wilayah Puskesmas Winong terdapat data balita Pada bulan Maret-Mei 2020 yang mengalami diare pada usia 3-5 tahun sebanyak 57 balita. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh Pemberian Makanan Tambahan puding madu terhadap lama penyembuhan diare pada Balita Usia 3-5 . Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain Quasi Eksperiment dan purposive sampling didapatkan 20 responden. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner dan analisis yang digunakan adalah mann whitney. Hasil penelitian menujukkan lama penyembuhan diare pada balita usia 3-5 tahun yang diberikan puding madu dan zinc didapatkan nilai median sebesar 4 hari sedangkan responden yang diberikan zinc dan oralit dengan nilai median adalah 5 hari. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah ada pengaruh pemberian makanan tambahan puding madu terhadap lama penyembuhan balita diare pada balita usia 3-5 tahun di PMB RusmiyatiKata kunci : balita; diare; puding madu; pemberian makanan tambahanABSTRACT Diarrhea is a disease that is still a public health problem in developing countries. Diarrhea is the second cause of mortality in under-five children in Indonesia. some people think diarrhea is often caused by food poisoning. Nutritional status can be a confounding faktor because nutritional status affects the duration and also the effectiveness of prebiotics in enhancing the immune response. The preliminary study conducted at Rusmiati Private Maternal Clinic in the Winong Health Center area contained data on toddlers In March-May 2020 who experienced diarrhea at the age of 3-5 years as many as 57 toddlers. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of honey puding supplementary food on Diarrhea Recovery Time in Toddlers Aged 3-5. The type of research used was a quantitative study with a Quasi Experimental design with purposive sampling obtained 20 respondents. The research instrument was a questionnaire. The analysis was Mann Whitney. The results showed that the duration of diarrhea healing for toddlers aged 3-5 years who was given honey puding obtained a median value of 4 days while respondents who were given zinc and ORS alone with a median value of healing duration of diarrhea was 5 days. The conclusion of this study is that there is an effect of giving supplementary feeding honey puding on the duration of healing for toddlers with diarrhea in toddlers aged 3-5 years at Rusmiati Private Maternal Clinic Keywords : diarrhea; honey puding; toddler; supplementary food

A Study about Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) Preparation Steps on Its Saponin Quantity

Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) is a medicinal herb containing bioactive compounds (Bacosides) in the saponin group that enhances memory and prevents dementia. Brahmi is not favored for cooking because it is very bitter. Nowadays, most people consume Brahmi as supplementary food, which makes it more expensive than consuming in food form, not getting fibers and other nutrients. Currently, there are only few studies that work to alleviate in Brahmi. Therefore, this study aimed to find out the saponin quantity in Brahmi after some pretreatments and the effect of these treatments on Bacosides and bitterness. Thus, suitable preparation steps for Brahmi have the highest remaining saponin quantity and are consumable. There were various techniques of preparation, depending on the concentration of salt used in crumpling and 1 time boiling of Brahmi to reduce its bitterness. The salt concentrations used in this study were 0, 10, and 20 % (w/w) compared with the fresh herb. The saponin quantity was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the total amount of saponin in boiled Brahmi that crumpled with 0, 10, and 20 % were significantly lower than fresh Brahmi (p < 0.05). Brahmi was crumpled with 10 % salt before boiling had the highest total saponin quantity of 2.69±0.02 g/kg of fresh weight and the highest tasting scores. Thus, the preparation of crumpling with 10 % salt before cooking, was suitable because consumers gained the highest saponin and accepted the taste of food containing Brahmi. HIGHLIGHTS Brahmi have many health benefits not only memory enhancer but also prevention of dementia People used Brahmi as supplementary food because it is very bitter and not favored for cooking Reduce the bitter with non chemical as crumpling with 10 % salt concentration before cooking was highest saponin and accepted the taste of food containing Brahmi

Proximate, Mineral and Vitamin Analysis of Rebon Shrimp Diversification Products as an Indonesian Local Product: Supplementary Food for Malnourished Children

Background: Rebon shrimp (Acetes sp.) is a local food in the coastal areas of Southeast Asia that has good nutritional potential. It is a nutrient-rich food, high in protein, and beneficial to human health, but the utilization of rebon shrimp is still very low. Aims: This study aims to measure the proximate and mineral analysis of various rebon shrimp products that can be used as supplementary food, expected to be popularly used and consumed by the Indonesian people, particularly those of low economic income. Methods: The diversified products in this study are meatballs, floss, nuggets, fish sticks, and fish cakes made from Rebon Shrimp (Acetes sp.). The proximate levels were analyzed referring to the AOAC method, The mineral content Fe and Zn were analyzed using the AAS method. The Vitamins A and Vitamin C were determined by spectrophotometric methods and titrimetry methods. Results: This study revealed that rebon shrimp could be used in making children's healthy snacks. Snacks with rebon shrimp contributed to moisture (8.79 – 72.58 %), ash (5.06 – 10.29%), crude protein (20.41 – 27.93 %), crude fat (3.09 – 47.16%), and crude fiber (0.35 – 3.36 %). In addition, these foods also contained several important minerals and vitamins for the body, such as iron (9.47– 56.13 ppm), zinc (4.05– 40.02 ppm), Vitamin A (0.016 – 0.045%), and vitamin C (0.11 – 0.19%). Conclusion: Thus, rebon shrimp is potentially used as an alternative to local ingredients to improve the nutritional quality of children's food.

Nutritional Intervention through Education and Supplementary Food Provision to Fostered Families with a Family Doctor Approach in Uteunkot Village, Muara Dua District, Lhokseumawe

Indonesia as a developing country still has some gaps and shortcomings in health problems, one of which is nutritional problems. Based on the 2018 Global Nutrition Report, Indonesia is included in 17 countries that have complex nutritional problems, like stunting, wasting and overweight. Aceh Province in 2018 reported that there were 16.8% undernourished children under five and 6.7% malnourished children, while 2.9% were overweight. One of the things that can be done in overcoming these problems is through nutritional intervention to the community. Therefore, this research was conducted as a form of nutrition intervention through education and supplementary feeding (PMT) to the assisted families with a family medicine approach in Uteunkot Village, Muara Dua District, Lhokseumawe. The measuring instrument used is a balanced nutrition questionnaire which has been tested for validity and reliability to assess the level of knowledge of respondents about balanced nutrition. In addition, education on balanced nutrition and supplementary feeding is also carried out. The sampling technique used is total sampling with a total of 79 respondents. The results of the distribution of the level of knowledge of respondents on balanced nutrition before being given education were the most in the poor category with a total of 41 people (51.9%), after an intervention in the form of education obtained the distribution of the level of knowledge of respondents about balanced nutrition in the good category with a total of 69 people (87.3%). In addition, it was also found that almost all respondents consumed the given Supplementary Food

Urban human-wildlife conflict: North Island kākā (Nestor meridionalis septentrionalis) in Wellington City

<p>Human-wildlife conflict is common wherever humans and wildlife coexist and is a growing problem in urban landscapes. Successfully mitigating conflict with wildlife requires an understanding of the ecological and social dimensions of the problem. In Wellington City, New Zealand, a human-wildlife conflict is beginning to emerge with North Island kākā (Nestor meridionalis septentrionalis: Nestoridae), a threatened endemic parrot that was reintroduced to the city in 2002. Kākā damage property but especially damage tree bark while foraging for sap. In this thesis, I investigate the conflict with kākā using ecological, behavioural and social science approaches to understand the problem and recommend ways to mitigate the growing conflict with kākā. To investigate tree selection for sap foraging by kākā, I sampled the characteristics, microhabitat and distribution (independent variables) of 282 trees at 15 sites across public greenspaces in Wellington City, and used model averaging to determine the relative influence of independent variables on the binary dependant variable – presence/absence of bark damage. Tree size (Σωᵢ [Akaike weight] = 0.859) and site exposure (Σωᵢ = 0.739) had the greatest influence on tree selection for sap feeding. Kākā were found to prefer larger trees ( x ± SE, DBH: x damaged = 64.8 ± 5.2 cm, x undamaged = 32.9 ± 4.5 cm) at more exposed sites. Exotic species were significantly more likely to have been damaged than native species (Fisher’s exact test, p < 0.001). Seven of 10 tree species damaged were exotic, and exotic conifers, such as macrocarpa (Cupressus macrocarpa) and Lawson cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) were the most commonly damaged species. I used instantaneous scan sampling to record kākā behaviour during 25 60-100 minute observation periods at Anderson Park, Wellington Botanic Garden, and during 12 opportunistic observations of sap feeding kākā in Wellington City during other research activities. Forty observations of sap feeding were made and 20 sap feeding kākā identified. Based on estimated sex, females were no more likely to sap feed than males (exact binomial test p = 0.916) and both adults and juveniles were observed sap feeding. Kākā were observed displacing sap-feeding conspecifics and defending sap feeding sites from tui (Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae). This indicates that sap is an important resource across sexes and life stages of kākā and is not just a supplementary food for females before breeding as previously hypothesised. Since supplementary food is provided by Karori Wildlife Sanctuary and utilised by the identified kākā, and 34% of Wellington residents provide food and water for birds, it is unlikely that further provision of supplementary food will reduce sap feeding. To investigate residents’ attitudes and problems with birds, I hand-delivered 1030 questionnaires to households in 10 Wellington City suburbs. I then assessed the relationship between a person’s attitude and their biodiversity knowledge, engagement with birds and greenspaces and experience of bird problems. An extraordinary survey return rate of 61.8% (n = 635) revealed that residents had overwhelmingly positive attitudes towards native birds, despite 25% experiencing a bird problem. Planting trees to attract birds was the only predictor to provide substantial inference for attitude (ωi = 0.873). Experiencing a problem with birds was not an influential predictor of attitude when modelled alone (ΔAIC = 17.50, ωi = 0.000), but when combined additively (ωi = 0.568) and interactively (ωi = 0.400) with planting to attract birds these models comprised the confidence set. Respondents who had planted to attract birds were more likely to have more positive attitudes than the rest of the population even when they reported a bird problem. Hence, attitude to birds and tolerance of problems they cause was most closely associated with a person’s positive engagement with birds rather than their negative experiences.</p>

Urban human-wildlife conflict: North Island kākā (Nestor meridionalis septentrionalis) in Wellington City

<p>Human-wildlife conflict is common wherever humans and wildlife coexist and is a growing problem in urban landscapes. Successfully mitigating conflict with wildlife requires an understanding of the ecological and social dimensions of the problem. In Wellington City, New Zealand, a human-wildlife conflict is beginning to emerge with North Island kākā (Nestor meridionalis septentrionalis: Nestoridae), a threatened endemic parrot that was reintroduced to the city in 2002. Kākā damage property but especially damage tree bark while foraging for sap. In this thesis, I investigate the conflict with kākā using ecological, behavioural and social science approaches to understand the problem and recommend ways to mitigate the growing conflict with kākā. To investigate tree selection for sap foraging by kākā, I sampled the characteristics, microhabitat and distribution (independent variables) of 282 trees at 15 sites across public greenspaces in Wellington City, and used model averaging to determine the relative influence of independent variables on the binary dependant variable – presence/absence of bark damage. Tree size (Σωᵢ [Akaike weight] = 0.859) and site exposure (Σωᵢ = 0.739) had the greatest influence on tree selection for sap feeding. Kākā were found to prefer larger trees ( x ± SE, DBH: x damaged = 64.8 ± 5.2 cm, x undamaged = 32.9 ± 4.5 cm) at more exposed sites. Exotic species were significantly more likely to have been damaged than native species (Fisher’s exact test, p < 0.001). Seven of 10 tree species damaged were exotic, and exotic conifers, such as macrocarpa (Cupressus macrocarpa) and Lawson cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana) were the most commonly damaged species. I used instantaneous scan sampling to record kākā behaviour during 25 60-100 minute observation periods at Anderson Park, Wellington Botanic Garden, and during 12 opportunistic observations of sap feeding kākā in Wellington City during other research activities. Forty observations of sap feeding were made and 20 sap feeding kākā identified. Based on estimated sex, females were no more likely to sap feed than males (exact binomial test p = 0.916) and both adults and juveniles were observed sap feeding. Kākā were observed displacing sap-feeding conspecifics and defending sap feeding sites from tui (Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae). This indicates that sap is an important resource across sexes and life stages of kākā and is not just a supplementary food for females before breeding as previously hypothesised. Since supplementary food is provided by Karori Wildlife Sanctuary and utilised by the identified kākā, and 34% of Wellington residents provide food and water for birds, it is unlikely that further provision of supplementary food will reduce sap feeding. To investigate residents’ attitudes and problems with birds, I hand-delivered 1030 questionnaires to households in 10 Wellington City suburbs. I then assessed the relationship between a person’s attitude and their biodiversity knowledge, engagement with birds and greenspaces and experience of bird problems. An extraordinary survey return rate of 61.8% (n = 635) revealed that residents had overwhelmingly positive attitudes towards native birds, despite 25% experiencing a bird problem. Planting trees to attract birds was the only predictor to provide substantial inference for attitude (ωi = 0.873). Experiencing a problem with birds was not an influential predictor of attitude when modelled alone (ΔAIC = 17.50, ωi = 0.000), but when combined additively (ωi = 0.568) and interactively (ωi = 0.400) with planting to attract birds these models comprised the confidence set. Respondents who had planted to attract birds were more likely to have more positive attitudes than the rest of the population even when they reported a bird problem. Hence, attitude to birds and tolerance of problems they cause was most closely associated with a person’s positive engagement with birds rather than their negative experiences.</p>