Application of SAR Imagery and SAR Interferometry in Digital Geological Cartography

2006 ◽  
pp. 225-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Perski
Keyword(s):  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Sar Imagery

scholarly journals CENTIMETER COSMO-SKYMED RANGE MEASUREMENTS FOR MONITORING GROUND DISPLACEMENTS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B7 ◽  
pp. 815-820
Author(s):  
F. Fratarcangeli ◽  
A. Nascetti ◽  
P. Capaldo ◽  
A. Mazzoni ◽  
M. Crespi
Keyword(s):  
Signal Propagation ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Range Measurements ◽  
Remote Sensing Technique ◽  
Gps Survey ◽  
Amplitude Data ◽  
Sar Imagery ◽  
Ground Displacements

The SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) imagery are widely used in order to monitor displacements impacting the Earth surface and infrastructures. The main remote sensing technique to extract sub-centimeter information from SAR imagery is the Differential SAR Interferometry (DInSAR), based on the phase information only. However, it is well known that DInSAR technique may suffer for lack of coherence among the considered stack of images. New Earth observation SAR satellite sensors, as COSMO-SkyMed, TerraSAR-X, and the coming PAZ, can acquire imagery with high amplitude resolutions too, up to few decimeters. Thanks to this feature, and to the on board dual frequency GPS receivers, allowing orbits determination with an accuracy at few centimetres level, the it was proven by different groups that TerraSAR-X imagery offer the capability to achieve, in a global reference frame, 3D positioning accuracies in the decimeter range and even better just exploiting the slant-range measurements coming from the amplitude information, provided proper corrections of all the involved geophysical phenomena are carefully applied. The core of this work is to test this methodology on COSMO-SkyMed data acquired over the Corvara area (Bolzano – Northern Italy), where, currently, a landslide with relevant yearly displacements, up to decimeters, is monitored, using GPS survey and DInSAR technique. The leading idea is to measure the distance between the satellite and a well identifiable natural or artificial Persistent Scatterer (PS), taking in account the signal propagation delays through the troposphere and ionosphere and filtering out the known geophysical effects that induce periodic and secular ground displacements. The preliminary results here presented and discussed indicate that COSMO-SkyMed Himage imagery appear able to guarantee a displacements monitoring with an accuracy of few centimetres using only the amplitude data, provided few (at least one) stable PS’s are available around the monitored area, in order to correct residual biases, likely due to orbit errors.

scholarly journals Integrated Data Processing Methodology for Airborne Repeat-pass Differential SAR Interferometry

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-1 ◽  
pp. 109-112
Author(s):  
C. Dou ◽  
H. Guo ◽  
C. Han ◽  
X. Yue ◽  
Y. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Processing Theory ◽  
Residual Motion ◽  
Sar Imagery ◽  
Airborne Sar ◽  
Integration Data ◽  
Differential Sar Interferometry

Short temporal baseline and multiple ground deformation information can be derived from the airborne differential synthetic aperture radar Interforemetry (D-InSAR). However, affected by the turbulence of the air, the aircraft would deviate from the designed flight path with high frequent vibrations and changes both in the flight trajectory and attitude. Restricted by the accuracy of the position and orientation system (POS), these high frequent deviations can not be accurately reported, which would pose great challenges in motion compensation and interferometric process. Thus, these challenges constrain its wider applications. The objective of this paper is to investigate the accurate estimation and compensation of the residual motion errors in the airborne SAR imagery and time-varying baseline errors between the diffirent data acquirations, furthermore, to explore the integration data processing theory for the airborne D-InSAR system, and thus help to accomplish the correct derivation of the ground deformation by using the airborne D-InSAR measurements.

scholarly journals Centimeter range measurement using amplitude data of TerraSAR-X imagery

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-7 ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Capaldo ◽  
F. Fratarcangeli ◽  
A. Nascetti ◽  
A. Mazzoni ◽  
M. Porfiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Orbit ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Pixel Resolution ◽  
Positioning Accuracy ◽  
Slant Range ◽  
Persistent Scatterers ◽  
Amplitude Data ◽  
Sar Imagery

The SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) imagery are largely used for the environmental, structures and infrastructures monitoring. In particular, Differential SAR Interferometry (DInSAR) is a well known technique that allows producing spatially dense displacement maps with centimetre to millimetre accuracy. The SAR signal is characterized by phase and amplitude value and the DInSAR remote sensing technique allows to analyse deformation phenomena affecting both extended natural areas and localized man-made structures, by exploiting the phase difference of SAR image pairs. New SAR satellite sensors such as COSMO-SkyMed, TerraSAR-X and PAZ offer the capability to achieve positioning in a global reference frame accuracies in the meter range and even better, thanks to the higher image resolution (up to 0.20 m pixel resolution in the Staring SpotLight mode for TerraSAR-X and PAZ) and to the use of on board dual frequency GPS receivers, which allows to determine the satellite orbit with an accuracy at few centimetres level. The goal of this work is to exploit the slant-range measurements reaching centimetre accuracies using only the amplitude information of SAR images acquired by TerraSAR-X satellite sensor. The leading idea is to evaluate the positioning accuracy of well identifiable and stable natural and man-made Persistent Scatterers (PS’s) along the SAR line of sight. The preliminary results, obtained on the Berlin area (Germany), shown that it is possible achieve a slant-range positioning accuracy with a bias well below 10 cm and a standard deviation of about 3 cm; the results are encouraging for applications of high resolution SAR imagery amplitude data in land and infrastructures monitoring.

scholarly journals Basin and local scale detection of ground subsidence through persistent scatterer interferometry: The Anthemountas Basin (Northern Greece) case study.

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1510
Author(s):  
F. Raspini ◽  
C. Loupasakis ◽  
D. Rozos ◽  
S. Moretti
Keyword(s):  
Local Scale ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Ground Subsidence ◽  
Persistent Scatterer Interferometry ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Space Agency ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Persistent Scatterer ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Sar Imagery

In the framework of the Terrafirma Extension project, a study has been established for ground motion detection and mapping in the Anthemountas basin (Central Macedonia). Terrafirma promotes the exploitation of Persistent Scatterer Interferometry (PSI) techniques, a remote sensing technology based on multi-temporal satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery. The potential of SAR interferometry has been exploited through the innovative Wide Area Mapping approach, recently implemented by the German Space Agency (DLR) and aimed at measuring land deformation over large areas. Interferometric results from 1995-2001 by ERS1/2 satellites has been analyzed at a basin scale to investigate spatial patterns of land motion in the wider Anthemountas plain, where subsidence phenomena related to intense groundwater extraction is clearly manifested.  The   WAP results turned out to be a valuable tool for the characterization at local scale of the land subsidence in the runaways area of the Macedonia airport and in the village of Perea, affected in 2005-2006 by a series of tensile ground ruptures due to excessive groundwater withdrawal. Besides the study of the  phenomenon, this work confirmed the suitability of PSI techniques to detect and measure surface displacements with millimetre accuracy and also to reconstruct the deformations history of the investigated areas through displacement time series analysis.

scholarly journals CENTIMETER COSMO-SKYMED RANGE MEASUREMENTS FOR MONITORING GROUND DISPLACEMENTS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B7 ◽  
pp. 815-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Fratarcangeli ◽  
A. Nascetti ◽  
P. Capaldo ◽  
A. Mazzoni ◽  
M. Crespi
Keyword(s):  
Signal Propagation ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Dual Frequency ◽  
Range Measurements ◽  
Remote Sensing Technique ◽  
Gps Survey ◽  
Amplitude Data ◽  
Sar Imagery ◽  
Ground Displacements

The SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) imagery are widely used in order to monitor displacements impacting the Earth surface and infrastructures. The main remote sensing technique to extract sub-centimeter information from SAR imagery is the Differential SAR Interferometry (DInSAR), based on the phase information only. However, it is well known that DInSAR technique may suffer for lack of coherence among the considered stack of images. New Earth observation SAR satellite sensors, as COSMO-SkyMed, TerraSAR-X, and the coming PAZ, can acquire imagery with high amplitude resolutions too, up to few decimeters. Thanks to this feature, and to the on board dual frequency GPS receivers, allowing orbits determination with an accuracy at few centimetres level, the it was proven by different groups that TerraSAR-X imagery offer the capability to achieve, in a global reference frame, 3D positioning accuracies in the decimeter range and even better just exploiting the slant-range measurements coming from the amplitude information, provided proper corrections of all the involved geophysical phenomena are carefully applied. The core of this work is to test this methodology on COSMO-SkyMed data acquired over the Corvara area (Bolzano – Northern Italy), where, currently, a landslide with relevant yearly displacements, up to decimeters, is monitored, using GPS survey and DInSAR technique. The leading idea is to measure the distance between the satellite and a well identifiable natural or artificial Persistent Scatterer (PS), taking in account the signal propagation delays through the troposphere and ionosphere and filtering out the known geophysical effects that induce periodic and secular ground displacements. The preliminary results here presented and discussed indicate that COSMO-SkyMed Himage imagery appear able to guarantee a displacements monitoring with an accuracy of few centimetres using only the amplitude data, provided few (at least one) stable PS’s are available around the monitored area, in order to correct residual biases, likely due to orbit errors.

scholarly journals MAPPING AND MONITORING GROUND INSTABILITIES WITH SENTINEL-1 DATA: THE EXPERIENCE OF SERNAGEOMIN

2020 ◽  
Vol XLII-3/W12-2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
P. Olea ◽  
O. Monserrat ◽  
C. Sierralta ◽  
A. Barra ◽  
L. Bono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
The Past ◽  
Sar Imagery ◽  
Geohazard Risk ◽  
Reliable Solution ◽  
Differential Sar Interferometry ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract. The application of Satellite Differential SAR interferometry (DInSAR) has become a reliable solution as a tool for mapping and monitoring geohazards. Few years ago, the main applications of these techniques were devoted to science. However, nowadays, the easy access to SAR imagery and the maturity of the techniques to exploit these type of data has widened the user’s spectrum from only scientists to professional and decision makers. The advent of Sentinel-1 satellites has significantly contributed to this achievement. In particular, in the field of geohazard risk management, Sentinel-1 has solved one of the main constraining factors that hindered the operational use of interferometric techniques in the past: the lack of systematic acquisition plans. In this context, Sentinel-1 assures worldwide coverage with short temporal baselines (6 to 24 days). This has supposed a definitive step towards the implementation of DInSAR based techniques to support decision makers against geohazards. In this work, we show the first experiences of the remote sensing unit of the Geological and Mining Survey of Chile (Sernageomin) with Sentinel-1 data. Three different case studies in different areas of the Chilean territory are presented. The examples illustrate how DInSAR based techniques can provide different levels of information about geohazard activity in different environments.

scholarly journals PS-InSAR Analysis of Sentinel-1 Data for Detecting Ground Motion in Temperate Oceanic Climate Zones: A Case Study in the Republic of Ireland

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Fiaschi ◽  
Eoghan Holohan ◽  
Michael Sheehy ◽  
Mario Floris
Keyword(s):  
Ground Motions ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Mine Site ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
Oceanic Climate ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sar Imagery

Regions of temperate oceanic climate have historically represented a challenge for the application of satellite-based multi-temporal SAR interferometry. The landscapes of such regions are commonly characterized by extensive, seasonally-variable vegetation coverage that can cause low temporal coherence and limit the detection capabilities of SAR imagery as acquired, for instance, by previous ERS-1/2 and ENVISAT missions. In this work, we exploited the enhanced resolution in space and time of the recently deployed Sentinel-1A/B SAR satellites to detect and monitor ground motions occurring in two study areas in the Republic of Ireland. The first, is a ~1800 km2 area spanning the upland karst of the Clare Burren and the adjacent mantled lowland karst of east Galway. The second, is an area of 100 km2 in Co. Meath spanning an active mine site. The available datasets, consisting of more than 100 images acquired in both ascending and descending orbits from April 2015 to March 2018, were processed by using the Permanent Scatterer approach. The obtained results highlight the presence of small-scale ground motions in both urban and natural environments with displacement rates along the satellite line of sight up to −17 mm/year. Localized subsidence was detected in recently built areas, along the infrastructure (both roads and railways), and over the mine site, while zones of subsidence, uplift, or both, have been recorded in a number of peatland areas. Furthermore, several measured target points indicate the presence of unstable areas along the coastline. Many of the detected movements were previously unknown. These results demonstrate the feasibility of adopting multi-temporal interferometry based on Sentinel-1 data for the detection and monitoring of mm-scale ground movements even over small areas (<100 m2) in environments influenced by temperate oceanic climate.

Combining SAR interferometry and the equation of continuity to estimate the three-dimensional glacier surface-velocity vector

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (151) ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Reeh ◽  
Søren Nørvang Madsen ◽  
Johan Jakob Mohr
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Vertical Velocity ◽  
Velocity Vector ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Vertical Surface ◽  
Horizontal Velocity ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Surface Velocity ◽  
Ice Thickness

AbstractUntil now, an assumption of surface-parallel glacier flow has been used to express the vertical velocity component in terms of the horizontal velocity vector, permitting all three velocity components to be determined from synthetic aperture radar interferometry. We discuss this assumption, which neglects the influence of the local mass balance and a possible contribution to the vertical velocity arising if the glacier is not in steady state. We find that the mass-balance contribution to the vertical surface velocity is not always negligible as compared to the surface-slope contribution. Moreover, the vertical velocity contribution arising if the ice sheet is not in steady state can be significant. We apply the principle of mass conservation to derive an equation relating the vertical surface velocity to the horizontal velocity vector. This equation, valid for both steady-state and non-steady-state conditions, depends on the ice-thickness distribution. Replacing the surface-parallel-flow assumption with a correct relationship between the surface velocity components requires knowledge of additional quantities such as surface mass balance or ice thickness.

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