Pharmacology of T2R Mediated Host–Microbe Interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Reddy Medapati ◽  
Anjali Y. Bhagirath ◽  
Nisha Singh ◽  
Prashen Chelikani
Keyword(s):  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

Exploring Host-Microbe Interactions in Hydra

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Fraune ◽  
Thomas C. G. Bosch ◽  
René Augustin
Keyword(s):  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

scholarly journals Organoids to Dissect Gastrointestinal Virus–Host Interactions: What Have We Learned?

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 999
Author(s):  
Sue E. Crawford ◽  
Sasirekha Ramani ◽  
Sarah E. Blutt ◽  
Mary K. Estes
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
Human Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Human Viruses ◽  
Human Infections

Historically, knowledge of human host–enteric pathogen interactions has been elucidated from studies using cancer cells, animal models, clinical data, and occasionally, controlled human infection models. Although much has been learned from these studies, an understanding of the complex interactions between human viruses and the human intestinal epithelium was initially limited by the lack of nontransformed culture systems, which recapitulate the relevant heterogenous cell types that comprise the intestinal villus epithelium. New investigations using multicellular, physiologically active, organotypic cultures produced from intestinal stem cells isolated from biopsies or surgical specimens provide an exciting new avenue for understanding human specific pathogens and revealing previously unknown host–microbe interactions that affect replication and outcomes of human infections. Here, we summarize recent biologic discoveries using human intestinal organoids and human enteric viral pathogens.

scholarly journals Understanding the host-microbe interactions using metabolic modeling

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Jansma ◽  
Sahar El Aidy
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Flux Balance Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Flux Balance ◽  
Interaction Field ◽  
In Silico Simulation ◽  
Balance Analysis ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
Genome Scale

AbstractThe human gut harbors an enormous number of symbiotic microbes, which is vital for human health. However, interactions within the complex microbiota community and between the microbiota and its host are challenging to elucidate, limiting development in the treatment for a variety of diseases associated with microbiota dysbiosis. Using in silico simulation methods based on flux balance analysis, those interactions can be better investigated. Flux balance analysis uses an annotated genome-scale reconstruction of a metabolic network to determine the distribution of metabolic fluxes that represent the complete metabolism of a bacterium in a certain metabolic environment such as the gut. Simulation of a set of bacterial species in a shared metabolic environment can enable the study of the effect of numerous perturbations, such as dietary changes or addition of a probiotic species in a personalized manner. This review aims to introduce to experimental biologists the possible applications of flux balance analysis in the host-microbiota interaction field and discusses its potential use to improve human health.

scholarly journals Neurons interact with the microbiome: an evolutionary-informed perspective

Neuroforum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Giez ◽  
Alexander Klimovich ◽  
Thomas C. G. Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
System Development ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Strategic Model ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions ◽  
And Function

Abstract Animals have evolved within the framework of microbes and are constantly exposed to diverse microbiota. Microbes colonize most, if not all, animal epithelia and influence the activity of many organs, including the nervous system. Therefore, any consideration on nervous system development and function in the absence of the recognition of microbes will be incomplete. Here, we review the current knowledge on the nervous systems of Hydra and its role in the host–microbiome communication. We show that recent advances in molecular and imaging methods are allowing a comprehensive understanding of the capacity of such a seemingly simple nervous system in the context of the metaorganism. We propose that the development, function and evolution of neural circuits must be considered in the context of host–microbe interactions and present Hydra as a strategic model system with great basic and translational relevance for neuroscience.

scholarly journals The Iron age of host–microbe interactions

EMBO Reports ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1482-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel P Soares ◽  
Günter Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions
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