The Brachypodium distachyon Root System: A Tractable Model to Investigate Grass Roots

2015 ◽  
pp. 245-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian S. Hardtke ◽  
David Pacheco-Villalobos
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
System A

Split‐root system optimization based on the survival, growth and development of the model Poaceae Brachypodium distachyon

2019 ◽  
Vol 168 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-236
Author(s):  
Corinne Agapit ◽  
Agnès Gigon ◽  
Thomas Girin ◽  
Luis Leitao ◽  
Manuel Blouin
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Split Root ◽  
Split Root System

scholarly journals Electrical characterization of the root system: a noninvasive approach to study plant stress responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imre Cseresnyés ◽  
Tünde Takács ◽  
Bettina Sepovics ◽  
Ramóna Kovács ◽  
Anna Füzy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
System A ◽  
Plant Stress Responses

Monograph of Euphorbia sect. Tithymalopsis(Euphorbiaceae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Park
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Seed Morphology ◽  
Comparative Data ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
System A ◽  
Eastern Usa ◽  
Cladistic Analyses

Euphorbia sect. Tithymalopsis (Euphorbiaceae) comprises seven species of herbaceous perennials restricted to the south-eastern USA. The species of sect. Tithymalopsis are united and distinguished from other sections in Euphorbia by having a thick and cylindrical root system, a glabrous cyathium, five glands with petaloid appendages, one to three stems arising from the root, absence of vestigial sepals in pistillate flowers, rounded leaf apices, and pitted or smooth seeds without a caruncle. Cladistic analyses indicate that sect. Tithymalopsis consists of two subgroups: (1) E. corollata, E. discoidalis, E. pubentissima and E. polyphylla; and (2) E. curtisii, E. gracilior and E. mercurialina. Comparative data from vegetative morphology, pollen morphology, seed morphology, cytology, crossability, reproductive biology, habitat and distribution are presented. Keys and descriptions to the species are provided.

scholarly journals Influence of Vetiver Root System on Mechanical Performance of Expansive Soil: Experimental Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Guiyao Wang ◽  
Yonggang Huang ◽  
Runfa Li ◽  
Jingmei Chang ◽  
Jinliang Fu
Keyword(s):  
Crack Resistance ◽  
Root System ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Expansive Soil ◽  
Soil Mass ◽  
Expansion Rate ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Swelling Characteristics

In order to study the influence of the vetiver root system on the swelling characteristics and crack resistance of expansive soil, vetiver grass root growth and its vertical distribution were investigated by the cultivation test and observation. The expansion rate experiment without load and expansive force tests was conducted on planted grass root soil samples, and the effect of the root content on the expansion rate and force of soil mass was analyzed. Finally, the effects of different vetiver contents on the crack resistance of expansive soil were studied by soil cracking experiments in an outdoor natural environment. The results showed that on account of the reinforcement effect of crisscrossing and winding grassroots, the expansion rate and expansive force can be reduced by the grass roots, and the grass roots can significantly increase the anticracking properties of the root-soil composites. From the surface down, the inhibition effect of the vetiver root on the expansive soil appeared from low to high and then decreased; the effect was optimal in the layer of 10∼15 cm. Compared with the pure expansive soil, the swelling force of the cultivated root expansive soil growing for 180 d decreased by more than 80%, and the unloaded expansive soil reduced by more than 70%. Compared with pure expansive soil, the swelling force and the unloaded expansion rate of cultivated root expansive soil growing for 90 d decreased by more than 50%.

Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant growth depend on root system: a meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 389 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 361-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haishui Yang ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Yajun Dai ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Jianjun Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root System ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
System A

scholarly journals Influence of rhizobacterial volatiles on the root system architecture and the production and allocation of biomass in the model grass Brachypodium distachyon (L.) P. Beauv.

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Delaplace ◽  
Benjamin M. Delory ◽  
Caroline Baudson ◽  
Magdalena Mendaluk-Saunier de Cazenave ◽  
Stijn Spaepen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Model Grass

Development of white spruce (Picea glauca) seedling roots

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M. Johnson-Flanagan ◽  
John N. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
System A ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Specific Phase

The root system of container-grown white spruce seedlings (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) consists of a taproot and many lateral roots. The lateral roots can be divided into three classes on the basis of external morphology. Although growth cycles of individual roots are independent, there are overall trends of growth in the root system. A preponderance of one morphological root class is usually associated with a specific phase of the growth cycle. Apical organization in absorbing and elongating roots is similar. When elongation ceases, roots become brown as a result of two separate processes, suberization of the endodermis and metacutization of a discrete layer enveloping the root apex. Zonation in the apex is reduced in brown roots. Renewed growth is marked by swelling of the brown root apex followed by the emergence of a white root tip.

scholarly journals Developmental plasticity of Brachypodium distachyon in response to P deficiency: modulation by inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Baudson ◽  
Benjamin M. Delory ◽  
Stijn Spaepen ◽  
Patrick du Jardin ◽  
Pierre Delaplace
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
Poorly Soluble ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundMineral P fertilisers must be used wisely in order to preserve rock phosphate, a limited and non-renewable resource. The use of bio-inoculants to improve soil nutrient availability and trigger an efficient plant response to nutrient deficiency is one potential strategy in the attempt to decrease P inputs in agriculture.MethodA gnotobiotic co-cultivation system was used to study the response of Brachypodium distachyon to contrasted P supplies (soluble and poorly soluble forms of P) and inoculation with P solubilizing bacteria. Brachypodium’s responses to P conditions and inoculation with bacteria were studied in terms of developmental plasticity and P use efficiency.ResultsBrachypodium showed plasticity in its biomass allocation pattern in response to variable P conditions, specifically by prioritizing root development over shoot productivity under poorly soluble P conditions. Despite the ability of the bacteria to solubilize P, shoot productivity was depressed in plants inoculated with bacteria, although the root system development was maintained. The negative impact of bacteria on biomass production in Brachypodium might be attributed to inadequate C supply to bacteria, an increased competition for P between both organisms under P-limiting conditions, or an accumulation of toxic bacterial metabolites in our cultivation system. Both P and inoculation treatments impacted root system morphology. The modulation of Brachypodium’s developmental response to P supplies by P solubilizing bacteria did not lead to improved P use efficiency.ConclusionOur results support the hypothesis that plastic responses of Brachypodium cultivated under P-limited conditions are modulated by P solubilizing bacteria. The considered experimental context impacts plant–bacteria interactions. Choosing experimental conditions as close as possible to real ones is important in the selection of P solubilizing bacteria. Both persistent homology and allometric analyses proved to be useful tools that should be considered when studying the impact of bio-inoculants on plant development in response to varying nutritional context.

scholarly journals TO THE QUESTION OF OPTIMISING THE DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A VIBRATIONAL TREE UPROOTING MACHINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
A. R. Mikhitarov ◽  
V. L. Savich ◽  
V. K. Khegai
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Root System ◽  
Dynamic Characteristics ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Frequency Characteristics ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
System A ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Tree Uprooting ◽  
The Mathematical Model

Objectives Following logging operations, tree stumps remain in the site of the former forest.While these may be uprooted by special machines in the course of forestry operations, the use of heavy forestry machines operated repeatedly on the forest sites not only lead to soil erosion, but also to considerable financial expense. Consequently, the development of machines combining cutting (logging) and uprooting operations – that is, uprooting the trees along with their roots – are of a great interest. As research has shown, the main disadvantages of the use of such technology by “conventional” logging or forestry machines are their excessive loading and energy intensity. The aim of the research is to investigate means of eliminating these drawbacks by using vibration.Methods The article deals with theproblem of ensuring the effectiveness of the vibration application – in particular, torsional vibrations, used to stub trees together with their roots. To solve this problem, a mathematical model of the “machine-tree-soil-root system” system was developed, which takes into account the mutual influence of the dynamic characteristics of the machine’s technological equipment and tree and soil-root system, which allows a rational (optimal) frequency range of vibration equipment to be selected by analysing the amplitude-frequency characteristics of a given system. To analyse the amplitude-frequency characteristics of a mechanical system, the Euler-Lagrange equationswere used.Results Based on the mathematical model of the “machine-tree-soil-root system (SRS)” system and an analysis of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of a given system, a rational range of vibration frequencies was determined. As shown by analysis, the work of vibrational equipment in a given frequency range can significantly reduce the dynamic loading of the machine and at the same time create appropriate conditions for the effective destruction of the soil-root system.Conclusion The proposed method allows the rational values of the frequency characteristic of vibration equipment for each calculated tree to be found depending on the soil type and the basic machine.

scholarly journals Vegetation root system, soil erosion and ecohydrology system: A review

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Liu ◽  
Gang Xie ◽  
Xiaoming Zhang ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Xiaolin Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Root System ◽  
System A
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