Adenosine: An Endogenous Regulator of the Brain Immune System

2008 ◽  
pp. 283-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Haskó ◽  
E. S. Vizi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Endogenous Regulator ◽  
The Brain

Potential immunotherapy for Alzheimer disease and age-related dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Brain

Emerging results support the concept that Alzheimer disease (AD) and age-related dementia are affected by the ability of the immune system to contain the brain's pathology. Accordingly, well-controlled boosting, rather than suppression of systemic immunity, has been suggested as a new approach to modify disease pathology without directly targeting any of the brain's disease hallmarks. Here, we provide a short review of the mechanisms orchestrating the cross-talk between the brain and the immune system. We then discuss how immune checkpoint blockade directed against the PD-1/PD-L1 pathways could be developed as an immunotherapeutic approach to combat this disease using a regimen that will address the needs to combat AD.

Potential immunotherapy for Alzheimer disease and age-related dementia

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Brain

Emerging results support the concept that Alzheimer disease (AD) and age-related dementia are affected by the ability of the immune system to contain the brain’s pathology. Accordingly, well-controlled boosting, rather than suppression of systemic immunity, has been suggested as a new approach to modify disease pathology without directly targeting any of the brain’s disease hallmarks. Here, we provide a short review of the mechanisms orchestrating the cross-talk between the brain and the immune system. We then discuss how immune checkpoint blockade directed against the PD-1/PD-L1 pathways could be developed as an immunotherapeutic approach to combat this disease using a regimen that will address the needs to combat AD.

The T4 gene encodes the AIDS virus receptor and is expressed in the immune system and the brain

Cell ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Jay Maddon ◽  
Angus G. Dalgleish ◽  
J.Steven McDougal ◽  
Paul R. Clapham ◽  
Robin A. Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Virus Receptor ◽  
Aids Virus ◽  
The Brain

A Rare Disorder Affecting the Brain, Immune System, and Skin

2019 ◽  
pp. 469-476
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali El-Darouti ◽  
Faiza Mohamed Al-Ali
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Rare Disorder ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Targeting neuro–immune communication in neurodegeneration: Challenges and opportunities

2018 ◽  
Vol 215 (11) ◽  
pp. 2702-2704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Deczkowska ◽  
Michal Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Brain

Immune cells patrol the brain and can support its function, but can we modulate brain–immune communication to fight neurological diseases? Here, we briefly discuss the mechanisms orchestrating the cross-talk between the brain and the immune system and describe how targeting this interaction in a well-controlled manner could be developed as a universal therapeutic approach to treat neurodegeneration.

The dialogue between the brain and immune system involves not only the HPA-axis

2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (S2) ◽  
pp. II49-II53 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Schauenstein ◽  
I. Rinner ◽  
P. Felsner ◽  
P. Liebmann ◽  
H.S. Haas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Distribution of leukocyte subpopulation among students threatened by failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3807-3812
Author(s):  
Aziez Chettoum ◽  
Kamilia Guedri ◽  
Zouhir Djerrou ◽  
Rachid Mosbah ◽  
Latifa Khattabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
Biological Assays ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Student Volunteers ◽  
White Blood Cell Counts ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
The Brain

Psychoneuroimmunology or the study of the relationships between the brain and the immune system is an area of research that has experienced significant development over the decade. Stress does not appear without consequences on the state of health, the role of fears, emotions and significant constraints in the appearance of organic and mental diseases. In this research, we studied the effect of stress and anxiety during exams at the end of the academic year (2018/2019) on the distribution of leukocyte subpopulations and the immune system, questionnaires has been completed by student volunteers, to estimate the anxio-depressive comorbidities through the (HADS) test during and outside exams, and in the same time we asked them for a blood sample the next morning day to carry out some biological assays (CBC). We also found that stress during exams caused a change in the distribution of different types of white blood cells, a total decrease in white blood cell counts with neutropenia and lymphopenia were found in students during exams compared to controls, and an increase in monocyte and other types of polymorphonuclear levels in students during exams compared to controls. Other tests measuring the effects of stress on specific functions of the immune system can be used.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective effect of melatonin in mice with toxic cuprizone model of demyelination and possible pathways of its realization

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Labunets ◽  
A. Rodnichenko ◽  
N. Melnyk ◽  
N. Utko
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Nissl Staining ◽  
Spinal Cord Neurons ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

The search for tools that increase the effectiveness of cell therapy of demyelinating pathology is relevant. They may be preparations that affect the pathogenetic factors of this pathology, in particular, the pineal hormone melatonin.The purpose of the work is to evaluate the involvement of immune system and antioxidant defense in the implementation of the protective effects of melatonin on morpho-functional disorders in the central nervous system induced by neurotoxin cuprizone.Materials and methods. The toxic demyelination model was induced on 129/Sv mice at the age of 3-5 months by adding cuprizone to food for 3 weeks. Since the 7th day of cuprizone administration, melatonin was injected intraperitoneally at 18:00 daily, at a dose of 1 mg/kg. In the brain of mice, the proportion of CD3+, Nestin+ cells and phagocytic macrophages, the content of malondialdehyde and the activity of antioxidant enzymes was determined. Blood serum was tested for thymic hormone thymulin levels. In the animals, we evaluated the structure of the brain and spinal cord neurons by Nissl staining of histological sections as well as analyzed behavioural reactions in the "open field" test.Results. In the brain of the mice received cuprizone, the proportion of CD3+ and Nestin+ cells, active macrophages and malondialdehyde content increases, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase levels decreases. In the brain and spinal cord of the mice with a cuprizone diet, the proportion of altered neurons increases, and motor and emotional activity decreases. The introduction of melatonin results in a decrease in the relative number of CD3+ cells, active macrophages and malondialdehyde content, increased activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and level of thymulin. In such mice, the proportion of unchanged neurons increases as the number of Nestin+ cells decreases and behavioural responses are also improved.Conclusions. The neuroprotective effect of melatonin in demyelinating pathology is realized through the factors of the immune system and oxidative stress. The results may be useful in the development of new biotechnological approaches to the treatment of demyelinating pathology, in particular, multiple sclerosis.

scholarly journals Role of Immunity in Pathogenesis of Psychosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafa Abdelghaffar ◽  
Oussama Sidhom ◽  
Lilia Laadhar ◽  
Rym Rafrafi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Antineuronal Antibodies ◽  
System Components ◽  
The Brain

The involvement of immunity in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and related psychoses was suspected a century ago but was shadowed by the dopaminergic hypothesis after the discovery of antipsychotics. We currently know that this latter theory has many limits and cannot account for the wide variety of psychotic conditions. The immune-inflammatory theory is now one of the most promising axes of research in terms of pathogenesis of several mental health conditions. Immunity and inflammation play a role at least in a subgroup of patients with psychosis. The immune system is complex with a variety of components and mediators that can all have effects on the brain and thus mediate psychiatric symptoms. In this chapter we will explore the scientific evidence of the role of immune system in pathophysiology of psychosis. The sections of this chapter will discuss the role of innate system components (cytokines, microglia, inflammation.), the role of adaptive system (lymphocytes and antibodies) with a section focusing on auto-immunity and particularly antineuronal antibodies. Finally we will discuss how this research can impact patients management and elaborate recommendations for future research.

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