Issues in Assessing the Bilingual Individual

2007 ◽  
pp. 103-115
Author(s):  
Rafael Art. Javier
Keyword(s):  
Bilingual Individual

scholarly journals Language mixing patterns in a bilingual individual with non-fluent aphasia

Aphasiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1137-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aviva Lerman ◽  
Lia Pazuelo ◽  
Lian Kizner ◽  
Katy Borodkin ◽  
Mira Goral
Keyword(s):  
Language Mixing ◽  
Mixing Patterns ◽  
Fluent Aphasia ◽  
Bilingual Individual

The bilingual individual

Interpreting ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 163-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois Grosjean
Keyword(s):  
General Overview ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
Bilingual Individual

This article presents a general overview of the adult bilingual individual. First, the bilingual is defined and discussed in terms of the complementary principle, i.e. the fact that bilinguals acquire and use their languages for different purposes, in different domains of life, with different people. Next, the various language modes bilinguals find themselves in during their everyday interactions are examined. These range from the monolingual mode when they are communicating with monolinguals (and they have to deactivate all but one language) to the bilingual mode when they are interacting with other bilinguals who share their two (or more) languages and with whom they can mix languages if they so wish (i.e. code-switch and borrow). The article ends with a rapid survey of the psycholinguistics of bilingualism and, in particular, of how bilinguals access their lexicon when perceiving mixed speech. The regular bilingual is compared to the interpreter bilingual whenever possible.

Crosslinguistic influence in early child bilingualism

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 135-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natascha Müller
Keyword(s):  
Computational Complexity ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Early Language ◽  
Romance Language ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
German Child ◽  
Verb Placement ◽  
Crosslinguistic Influence ◽  
Bilingual Individual ◽  
Finite Verb

Previous approaches to early bilingualism have argued either that children exposed to two languages from birth are not able to separate their two languages and experience massive cross-linguistic influence or that they do separate their languages from birth and lack crosslinguistic influence. The present paper assumes that both early language separation and crosslinguistic influence coexist in one bilingual individual during the same developmental stage for different grammatical phenomena. The goal of the present paper is to show that how crosslinguistic influence manifests itself depends on particular grammatical properties and is independent of language dominance. The direction of the influence is related to computational complexity (in the sense of Jakubowicz 2000). Data from a bilingual Italian/German child are discussed with respect to argument omissions, V2, and finite verb placement in subordinate clauses. For argument omissions, the Germanic language influences the Romance language and has a delaying effect. For V2 and finite verb placement in subordinate clauses, the Romance language has an accelerating effect on the Germanic language in the case of V2 and a delaying effect in the case of finite verb placement in subordinate clauses.

scholarly journals A Reading Model from the Perspective of Japanese Orthography: Connectionist Approach to the Hypothesis of Granularity and Transparency

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 490-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutsuo Ijuin ◽  
Taeko N. Wydell
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Model ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Computer Simulation Model ◽  
Poor Reading ◽  
Connectionist Approach ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Behavioral Dissociation ◽  
Bilingual Individual

This study presents a computer simulation model of reading in Japanese syllabic kana and morphographic kanji. The model was based on the simulation model developed by Harm and Seidenberg for reading in English. The purpose of building the current model was to verify the validity of the hypothesis of granularity and transparency (HGT) postulated by Wydell and Butterworth, focusing on the granularity dimension. The HGT was developed in order to explain the behavioral dissociation between excellent reading skills in Japanese and poor reading skills in English of an English–Japanese bilingual individual as well as the relatively low incidence of developmental dyslexia in Japan. The current model was successful in simulating the granularity dimension of the HGT. The study also identified several limitations, which need to be addressed in future research.

The Mechnisms of Swedish–Finnish Language Shift

1986 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-96
Author(s):  
Marika Tandefelt
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Levels Of Explanation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
Bilingual Individual ◽  
Different Levels

This paper attempts to combia a theoretical model of analysis with the empirical findings from a case study concerning shift. It seems that the process of language shift ought to be studied from an ecological point of view considering different levels of explanation. In the case of the Swedishpeaking minority in Finland, a description confined to the societal level would imply that the minority holds a secure position. On the other hand it is clear that certain subgroups within the minority shift to Finish. The results from a case study suggest that every miniority memeber occupies a key position in the process of language shift. Every attempt to save a language should therefore start with the bilingual individual.

scholarly journals Cross Cultural Adaptation and Validation of Italian Version of the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs Scale and Pain DETECT Questionnaire for the Distinction between Nociceptive and Neuropathic Pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Alberto Migliore ◽  
Gianfranco Gigliucci ◽  
Antimo Moretti ◽  
Alessio Pietrella ◽  
Marco Peresson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Nociceptive Pain ◽  
Italian Version ◽  
Good Test ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Outpatient Settings ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Bilingual Individual ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Objective. This study aimed to validate Italian versions of Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs (LANSS) scale and Pain DETECT questionnaire (PD-Q) and evaluate the ability of these questionnaires to discriminate between nociceptive and neuropathic pain. Design. Multicenter prospective validation cohort study. Subjects and Setting. One hundred patients were included with a diagnosis formulated by a specialist in outpatient settings (50 affected by knee osteoarthritis as nociceptive pain and 50 affected by trigeminal or postherpetic neuralgia as neuropathic pain). Methods. The Italian versions of both questionnaires according to Italian cultural characteristics were performed according to the following steps: (1) translation of the questionnaires from English into Italian; (2) review by a bilingual individual for consistency; (3) proposed version after a mail round between experts; (4) backward translation; (5) comparison with the original English version by the experts; (6) approved version of the questionnaires. One hundred patients were enrolled and completed the two questionnaires administered by a specialist or blinded nursing staff, at the baseline and after 24/48 hours. Internal consistency, stability, validity, and discriminative power were analyzed. Results. Statistically significant differences were reported about the ability of both questionnaires to discriminate between patients affected by neuropathic or nociceptive pain. Internal consistency for the Italian version of the LANSS was 0.76, and for PD-Q, it was 0.80, assessed by Cronbach’s α; LANSS showed a good test-retest reliability with an ICC of 0.76, and PD-Q showed a high test-retest reliability with an ICC of 0.96. For interrater reliability, there was a concordance rate of 83.3% between reference diagnosis and LANSS (Cohen’s kappa = 0.67, CI 95% 0.52–0.75). Conclusions. This study validated the Italian versions of LANSS and PD-Q as reliable instruments with good psychometric characteristics, for pain evaluation, discriminating between nociceptive and neuropathic pain. Our findings were similar to those observed in the original study. Furthermore, we have reported the test-retest reliability for both questionnaires, not addressed in original validation studies.

scholarly journals A Cross-Cultural Validation of a Quality of Life Measure Using the Simple Measure of the Impact of Lupus Erythematosus in Youngsters (SMILEY©) among Filipino Pediatric Lupus Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
Jemely M. Punzalan ◽  
Beatrice B. Canonigo ◽  
Maria Rosario F. Cabansag ◽  
Dennis S. Flores ◽  
Paul Joseph T. Galutira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Pediatric Lupus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Bilingual Individual ◽  
Pediatric Sle

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is one of the most common autoimmune disorders in women of childbearing age. Simple Measure of Impact of Lupus Erythematosus in Youngsters (SMILEY) is the only health related quality of life (HRQOL) tool for pediatric SLE, which has been translated into many languages but is not yet available in Filipino. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to develop a Filipino translation of the SMILEY and to test the validity and reliability of this translation. Methodology: The SMILEY was translated into Filipino by a bilingual individual and back-translated by another bilingual individual blinded from the original English version. The translation was evaluated for content validity by a panel of experts and subjected to pilot testing. In the pilot, the SMILEY, together with the previously validated Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PEDSQL) 4.0 Generic Core Scale were administered to pediatric lupus patients and their parents on two separate occasions: a baseline and a re-test seven to fourteen days apart. Tests for convergent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability were performed. Results: A total of fifty children and their parents were recruited. The mean age was 15.38±2.62 years (range 8-18 years), mean education level was high school. The mean duration of SLE was 28 months (range 1-81 months). Subjects found the questionnaires to be relevant, easy to understand and to answer. The validity of the SMILEY was demonstrated in terms of content validity, convergent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. Age, socioeconomic status and educational attainment did not significantly impact the scores. The difference between scores reported by children and parents was significant with SMILEY Total (p=0.0214), effect on Social Life (p=0.0000), and PEDSQL Physical Function (p=0.0460), with children reporting higher scores for these domains compared to their parents. Conclusion: SMILEY is a brief, easy to understand, valid and reliable tool for assessing specific HRQOL in pediatric SLE. It will be useful in providing better care, understanding and may offer critical information regarding the effect of SLE in the quality of life of our pediatric lupus patients. It will help physician understands the needs of their patient not only on treatment of the specific disease but as well as the impact of the treatment on their daily lives.

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