Atomic Force Microscopy to Study Cell Wall Mechanics in Plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 349-369
Author(s):  
Mateusz Majda
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Cell Wall Mechanics

Atomic force microscopy based analysis of cell-wall elasticity in macroalgae

2018 ◽  
pp. 335-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Torode ◽  
Marina Linardic ◽  
J. Louis Kaplan ◽  
Siobhan A. Braybrook
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall Elasticity ◽  
Atomic Force

scholarly journals Variation of Burkholderia cenocepacia cell wall morphology and mechanical properties during cystic fibrosis lung infection, assessed by atomic force microscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Amir Hassan ◽  
Miguel V. Vitorino ◽  
Tiago Robalo ◽  
Mário S. Rodrigues ◽  
Isabel Sá-Correia
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Adaptive Evolution ◽  
Burkholderia Cenocepacia ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Morphology And Mechanical Properties

Abstract The influence that Burkholderia cenocepacia adaptive evolution during long-term infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients has on cell wall morphology and mechanical properties is poorly understood despite their crucial role in cell physiology, persistent infection and pathogenesis. Cell wall morphology and physical properties of three B. cenocepacia isolates collected from a CF patient over a period of 3.5 years were compared using atomic force microscopy (AFM). These serial clonal variants include the first isolate retrieved from the patient and two late isolates obtained after three years of infection and before the patient’s death with cepacia syndrome. A consistent and progressive decrease of cell height and a cell shape evolution during infection, from the typical rods to morphology closer to cocci, were observed. The images of cells grown in biofilms showed an identical cell size reduction pattern. Additionally, the apparent elasticity modulus significantly decreases from the early isolate to the last clonal variant retrieved from the patient but the intermediary highly antibiotic resistant clonal isolate showed the highest elasticity values. Concerning the adhesion of bacteria surface to the AFM tip, the first isolate was found to adhere better than the late isolates whose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure loss the O-antigen (OAg) during CF infection. The OAg is known to influence Gram-negative bacteria adhesion and be an important factor in B. cenocepacia adaptation to chronic infection. Results reinforce the concept of the occurrence of phenotypic heterogeneity and adaptive evolution, also at the level of cell size, form, envelope topography and physical properties during long-term infection.

An atomic force microscopy analysis of yeast mutants defective in cell wall architecture

Yeast ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 673-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etienne Dague ◽  
Rajaa Bitar ◽  
Hubert Ranchon ◽  
Fabien Durand ◽  
Hélène Martin Yken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Yeast Mutants ◽  
Cell Wall Architecture

Cell wall architecture of Physcomitrella patens is revealed by atomic force microscopy

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haley D.M. Wyatt ◽  
Neil W. Ashton ◽  
Tanya E.S. Dahms
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Physcomitrella Patens ◽  
Surface Ultrastructure ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Cell Wall Ultrastructure ◽  
Detailed Surface ◽  
Wall Ultrastructure ◽  
Cell Wall Development

The moss Physcomitrella patens (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. in B.S.G. serves as a nonvascular plant model system suitable for studying many plant developmental phenomena. The tip-growing filamentous protonemal stage of its life cycle exhibits polarized growth and various tropic responses. Conventional staining and light microscopy (LM) were used to provide the first direct evidence that protonemal cells of P. patens lack a cuticle. Atomic force microscopy (ATM) images reveal detailed surface structures identified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cell wall ultrastructure is characterized by rounded protrusions that are uniformly distributed along each caulonemal filament, and longer fibrillar structures, which are disorganized at the apex, but become oriented in longitudinal arrays parallel to the growth axis in more proximal regions of caulonemal apical cells. The subapical cells are characterized by a polylamellated texture. There was no difference in gross surface ultrastructure between light-grown and dark-grown filaments, but the dimensions of the rounded protrusions at the apices of caulonemata cultured in the light and in darkness were significantly different. The convex and concave cell wall surfaces of a curved, gravitropically responding dark-grown caulonema appear structurally different. This investigation is the first to use AFM to probe the cell wall ultrastructure of a bryophyte. The data further elaborate a simple model of cell wall development in the caulonemata of P. patens that was proposed for other tip-growing filamentous plants.

scholarly journals Atomic Force Microscopy of Cell Growth and Division in Staphylococcus aureus

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (11) ◽  
pp. 3286-3295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Touhami ◽  
Manfred H. Jericho ◽  
Terry J. Beveridge
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cross Wall ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Reactive Material ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Sequential Images

ABSTRACT The growth and division of Staphylococcus aureus was monitored by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and thin-section transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A good correlation of the structural events of division was found using the two microscopies, and AFM was able to provide new additional information. AFM was performed under water, ensuring that all structures were in the hydrated condition. Sequential images on the same structure revealed progressive changes to surfaces, suggesting the cells were growing while images were being taken. Using AFM small depressions were seen around the septal annulus at the onset of division that could be attributed to so-called murosomes (Giesbrecht et al., Arch. Microbiol. 141:315-324, 1985). The new cell wall formed from the cross wall (i.e., completed septum) after cell separation and possessed concentric surface rings and a central depression; these structures could be correlated to a midline of reactive material in the developing septum that was seen by TEM. The older wall, that which was not derived from a newly formed cross wall, was partitioned into two different surface zones, smooth and gel-like zones, with different adhesive properties that could be attributed to cell wall turnover. The new and old wall topographies are equated to possible peptidoglycan arrangements, but no conclusion can be made regarding the planar or scaffolding models.

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