Post-Transcriptional Gene Regulation

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Transcriptional Gene Regulation

Dysregulation of miRNA in cancer progression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rucha P.
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Transcriptional Gene Regulation

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a category of highly conserved tiny non-coding RNAs that play a role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Numerous studies have shown the role of dysregulated miRNA in a variety of illnesses, including human cancer. MiRNA is dysregulated by a variety of processes, including dysregulation of miRNA synthesis, aberrant miRNA transcription, dysregulated epigenetic modification, and chromosomal abnormalities. MiRNAs that are overexpressed have been shown to influence cancer's hallmarks. Recent research has shown miRNA's potential as a therapeutic target and biomarker. In this review, we discussed the synthesis and regulation of miRNA, as well as its dysregulation in human cancer and other disorders, as well as some of the therapeutic applications of miRNA.

scholarly journals MicroRNA Signatures in Neurological Disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gowhar Shafi ◽  
Nishat Aliya ◽  
Anjana Munshi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Mirna Biogenesis ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Mrna Targets ◽  
Transcriptional Gene Regulation ◽  
Therapeutic Tools ◽  
Intense Research

A class of small, non-coding transcripts called microRNAs (miRNAs) that play a major role in post-transcriptional gene regulation has recently emerged and become the focus of intense research. MicroRNAs are abundant in the nervous system, where they have key roles in development and are likely to be important mediators of plasticity. A highly conserved pathway of miRNA biogenesis is closely linked to the transport and translatability of mRNAs in neurons. MicroRNAs have been shown to modulate programmed cell death during development. Although there are nearly 750 known human miRNA sequences, each of only approximately 20-25 nucleotides in length that bind to multiple mRNA targets, the accurate prediction of miRNA targets seems to lie just beyond our grasp. Nevertheless, the identification of such targets promises to provide new insights into many facets of neuronal function. In this review, we briefly describe miRNA biogenesis and the principle approaches for studying the function of miRNAs and potential application of miRNAs as biomarkers, diagnostic targets, and potential therapeutic tools of human diseases in general and neurological disorders in particular.

scholarly journals Short interspersed nuclear element (SINE)-mediated post-transcriptional effects on human and mouse gene expression: SINE-UP for active duty

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1795) ◽  
pp. 20190344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne E. Maquat
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Mrna Export ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Active Duty ◽  
Untranslated Regions ◽  
Messenger Rnas ◽  
Alu Elements ◽  
Mouse Gene Expression ◽  
Transcriptional Gene Regulation ◽  
Human And Mouse

Primate-specific Alu short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) and rodent-specific B and ID (B/ID) SINEs are non-autonomous and generally non-coding retrotransposons that have been copied and pasted into the respective genomes so as to constitute what is estimated to be a remarkable 13% and 8% of those genomes. In the context of messenger RNAs (mRNAs), those residing within 3′-untranslated regions (3′UTRs) can influence mRNA export from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, mRNA translation and/or mRNA decay via proteins with which they associate either individually or base-paired in cis or in trans with a partially complementary SINE. Each of these influences impinges on the primary function of mRNA, which is to serve as a template for protein synthesis. This review describes how human cells have used 3′UTR Alu elements to mediate post-transcriptional gene regulation and also describes examples of convergent evolution between human and mouse 3′UTR SINEs. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Crossroads between transposons and gene regulation’.

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