Dysregulation of miRNA in cancer progression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rucha P.
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Epigenetic Modification ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Transcriptional Gene Regulation

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a category of highly conserved tiny non-coding RNAs that play a role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Numerous studies have shown the role of dysregulated miRNA in a variety of illnesses, including human cancer. MiRNA is dysregulated by a variety of processes, including dysregulation of miRNA synthesis, aberrant miRNA transcription, dysregulated epigenetic modification, and chromosomal abnormalities. MiRNAs that are overexpressed have been shown to influence cancer's hallmarks. Recent research has shown miRNA's potential as a therapeutic target and biomarker. In this review, we discussed the synthesis and regulation of miRNA, as well as its dysregulation in human cancer and other disorders, as well as some of the therapeutic applications of miRNA.

scholarly journals The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Uveal Melanoma

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2944
Author(s):  
Manuel Bande ◽  
Daniel Fernandez-Diaz ◽  
Beatriz Fernandez-Marta ◽  
Cristina Rodriguez-Vidal ◽  
Nerea Lago-Baameiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Outcome ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
One Year ◽  
Opening Up

Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adulthood. Approximately 50% of patients develop metastatic disease, which typically affects the liver and is usually fatal within one year. This type of cancer is heterogeneous in nature and is divided into two broad groups of tumors according to their susceptibility to develop metastasis. In the last decade, chromosomal abnormalities and the aberrant expression of several signaling pathways and oncogenes in uveal melanomas have been described. Recently, importance has been given to the association of the mentioned deregulation with the expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Here, we review the different classes of ncRNAs—such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs)—and their contribution to the development of UM. Special attention is given to miRNAs and their regulatory role in physiopathology and their potential as biomarkers. As important agents in gene regulation, ncRNAs have a huge potential for opening up therapeutic pathways, predicting response to treatment, and anticipating patient outcome for UM.

ADAMTS9-AS2: A functional long non-coding RNA in tumorigenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Xu ◽  
Bei Wang ◽  
Yuxuan Cai ◽  
Jinlan Chen ◽  
Xing Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Migration Inhibition ◽  
Cancer Proliferation ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have been identified as novel molecular regulators in cancers. LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 can mediate the occurrence and development of cancer through various ways such as regulating miRNAs, activating the classical signaling pathways in cancer, and so on, which have been studied by many scholars. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of ADAMTS9-AS2 in different human cancers. Methods: Through a systematic search of PubMed, lncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 mediated molecular mechanisms in cancer are summarized inductively. Results: ADAMTS9-AS2 aberrantly expression in different cancers is closely related to cancer proliferation, invasion, migration, inhibition of apoptosis. The involvement of ADAMTS9-AS2 in DNA methylation, mediating PI3K / Akt / mTOR signaling pathways, regulating miRNAs and proteins, and such shows its significant potential as a therapeutic cancer target. Conclusion: LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 can become a promising biomolecular marker and a therapeutic target for human cancer.

The role of microRNA-26a in human cancer progression and clinical application

Tumor Biology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 7095-7108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Chen ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Yuejuan Xu ◽  
Yanping Gao ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Application ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Human Cancer

The role of long non-coding RNAs in chromatin structure and gene regulation: variations on a theme

2008 ◽  
Vol 389 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Umlauf ◽  
Peter Fraser ◽  
Takashi Nagano
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Chromatin Structure ◽  
Genome Architecture ◽  
Paradoxical Situation ◽  
Intergenic Regions ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Variations On A Theme

Abstract Transcriptome studies have uncovered a plethora of non-coding RNAs (ncRNA) in mammals. Most originate within intergenic regions of the genome and recent evidence indicates that some are involved in many different pathways that ultimately act on genome architecture and gene expression. In this review, we discuss the role of well-characterized long ncRNAs in gene regulation pointing to their similarities, but also their differences. We will attempt to highlight a paradoxical situation in which transcription is needed to repress entire chromosomal domains possibly through the action of ncRNAs that create nuclear environments refractory to transcription.

scholarly journals Long Non-Coding RNAs as Endogenous Target Mimics and Exploration of Their Role in Low Nutrient Stress Tolerance in Plants

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Borah ◽  
Antara Das ◽  
Matthew Milner ◽  
Arif Ali ◽  
Alison Bentley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Endogenous Target ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna ◽  
Nutrient Homeostasis ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) research in plants has recently gained momentum taking cues from studies in animals systems. The availability of next-generation sequencing has enabled genome-wide identification of lncRNA in several plant species. Some lncRNAs are inhibitors of microRNA expression and have a function known as target mimicry with the sequestered transcript known as an endogenous target mimic (eTM). The lncRNAs identified to date show diverse mechanisms of gene regulation, most of which remain poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the role of identified putative lncRNAs that may act as eTMs for nutrient-responsive microRNAs (miRNAs) in plants. If functionally validated, these putative lncRNAs would enhance current understanding of the role of lncRNAs in nutrient homeostasis in plants.

Non-parametric Bayesian density estimation for biological sequence space with applications to pre-mRNA splicing and the karyotypic diversity of human cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Chia Chen ◽  
Juannan Zhou ◽  
Jason M Sheltzer ◽  
Justin B Kinney ◽  
David M McCandlish
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Maximum Entropy ◽  
Density Estimation ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Sequence Space ◽  
Chromosomal Abnormalities ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Point Estimates

AbstractDensity estimation in sequence space is a fundamental problem in machine learning that is of great importance in computational biology. Due to the discrete nature and large dimensionality of sequence space, how best to estimate such probability distributions from a sample of observed sequences remains unclear. One common strategy for addressing this problem is to estimate the probability distribution using maximum entropy, i.e. calculating point estimates for some set of correlations based on the observed sequences and predicting the probability distribution that is as uniform as possible while still matching these point estimates. Building on recent advances in Bayesian field-theoretic density estimation, we present a generalization of this maximum entropy approach that provides greater expressivity in regions of sequence space where data is plentiful while still maintaining a conservative maximum entropy char-acter in regions of sequence space where data is sparse or absent. In particular, we define a family of priors for probability distributions over sequence space with a single hyper-parameter that controls the expected magnitude of higher-order correlations. This family of priors then results in a corresponding one-dimensional family of maximum a posteriori estimates that interpolate smoothly between the maximum entropy estimate and the observed sample frequencies. To demonstrate the power of this method, we use it to explore the high-dimensional geometry of the distribution of 5′ splice sites found in the human genome and to understand the accumulation of chromosomal abnormalities during cancer progression.

scholarly journals The Role of Long Non-Coding RNA NNT-AS1 in Neoplastic Disease

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3086
Author(s):  
Cong Zhou ◽  
Shiwei Duan
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Cisplatin Resistance ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Neoplastic Disease ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Cancer Breast ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Studies have shown that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), play an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of human cancer. Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase-antisense 1 (NNT-AS1) is a newly-discovered cytoplasmic lncRNA. Many studies have shown that it has abnormally-high expression levels in malignant tumors, but there are also a few studies that have reported low expression levels of NNT-AS1 in gastric cancer, breast cancer, and ovarian cancer. At present, the regulatory mechanism of NNT-AS1 as a miRNA sponge, which may be an important reason affecting tumor cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and apoptosis is being studied in-depth. In addition, NNT-AS1 has been found to be related to cisplatin resistance. In this review, we summarize the abnormal expression of NNT-AS1 in a variety of neoplastic diseases and its diagnostic and prognostic value, and we explain the mechanism by which NNT-AS1 regulates cancer progression by competing with miRNAs. In addition, we also reveal the correlation between NNT-AS1 and cisplatin resistance and the potential clinical applications of NNT-AS1.

scholarly journals Deciphering the role of AMPK-related kinase 5 in human cancer progression and metastasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 3396-3404
Author(s):  
Alfredo Bambang ◽  
Caroline Tanadi ◽  
Anton Sumarpo
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Human Cancer
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document