The Role of Biological Sciences in Nursing Education

1982 ◽  
pp. 57-73
Author(s):  
Jack C. Hayward ◽  
Justus A. Akinsanya
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Nursing Education

scholarly journals “I’m not an investigator and I’m not a police officer" - a faculty’s view on academic integrity in an undergraduate nursing degree

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Lynch ◽  
Yenna Salamonson ◽  
Paul Glew ◽  
Lucie M. Ramjan
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Education ◽  
Nursing Faculty ◽  
Academic Integrity ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Undergraduate Nursing ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Academic Integrity Policy

AbstractIn nursing, expectations of honesty and integrity are clearly stipulated throughout professional standards and codes of conduct, thus the concept of academic integrity has even more impetus in preparing students for graduate practice. However, a disparity between policy and practice misses the opportunity to instil the principles of academic integrity, and at its core honesty, a pivotal trait in the nursing profession. This study draws upon the experience of the nursing faculty to explore how academic integrity policy of deterrence operate in nursing education.While participants deplored cheating behaviours, they expressed frustration in having to ‘police’ large numbers of students who had little awareness of the academic standards to meet policy requirements. In addition, they were cynical because of a perceived lack of severity in sanctions for students who repeatedly breached integrity. Participants expressed a moral obligation as educators to meet student learning needs and preferred to engage with students in a more meaningful way to uphold academic integrity. The ambivalence to detect and report breaches in integrity undermines the effectiveness of policy. Therefore, faculty must recognise the importance of their role in detecting and escalating cases of dishonesty and execute deterrence in a more consistent way. To do this, greater support at an institutional level, such as smaller class sizes, inclusion in decision making around sanctions and recognition of additional workload, will enable faculty to uphold policy. Although policing was not their preferred approach, the role of faculty in detecting and reporting cases of misconduct is crucial to increase the certainty of students getting caught, which is essential if policy is to be effective in deterring dishonest behaviour.

scholarly journals Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF): fuel for cancer progression

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabh Satija ◽  
Harpreet Kaur ◽  
Murtaza M. Tambuwala ◽  
Prabal Sharma ◽  
Manish Vyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Transcription Factor Activation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Adaptive Reactions

Hypoxia is an integral part of tumor microenvironment, caused primarily due to rapidly multiplying tumor cells and a lack of proper blood supply. Among the major hypoxic pathways, HIF-1 transcription factor activation is one of the widely investigated pathways in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME). HIF-1 is known to activate several adaptive reactions in response to oxygen deficiency in tumor cells. HIF-1 has two subunits, HIF-1β (constitutive) and HIF-1α (inducible). The HIF-1α expression is largely regulated via various cytokines (through PI3K-ACT-mTOR signals), which involves the cascading of several growth factors and oncogenic cascades. These events lead to the loss of cellular tumor suppressant activity through changes in the level of oxygen via oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent pathways. The significant and crucial role of HIF in cancer progression and its underlying mechanisms have gained much attention lately among the translational researchers in the fields of cancer and biological sciences, which have enabled them to correlate these mchanisms with various other disease modalities. In the present review, we have summarized the key findings related to the role of HIF in the progression of tumors.

Role of Bioinformatics in Biological Sciences

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-57
Author(s):  
Disha Gangotia ◽  
Aeshna Gupta ◽  
Indra Mani
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences

The Role of Interdisciplinary Faculty in Nursing Education: A National Survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-397
Author(s):  
Shelly Smith ◽  
Beth L. Elias ◽  
Marianne Baernholdt
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Education ◽  
National Survey

scholarly journals Relevance of Fatty Acids to Sperm Maturation and Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Collodel ◽  
Cesare Castellini ◽  
Jetty Chung-Yung Lee ◽  
Cinzia Signorini
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Human Sperm ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Sperm Membrane ◽  
And Function

Almost 50% of infertility cases are associated with human male infertility. The sperm membrane is a key structure influencing sperm morphology and function in normal and pathological conditions. The fatty acid profile determines the performance not only of sperm motility but also of acrosomal reaction and sperm-oocyte fusion. This review presents available knowledge on the role of fatty acid composition in human sperm and spermatogenesis and discusses the influence of dietary fatty acids on the sperm fatty acid profile. Recent studies in biological sciences and clinical researches in this field are also reported. The topic object of this review has potential application in medicine by identifying potential causes of infertility.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a structured preceptorship programme

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 554-557
Author(s):  
Guy Tucker ◽  
Joanne Atkinson ◽  
Janet Kelly ◽  
Lynette Parkin ◽  
Alison McKenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Education ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Staff Nurses ◽  
Clinical Team ◽  
Team Leaders ◽  
Large Scale Study ◽  
Service Initiative ◽  
District Nurses ◽  
Experienced Nurse

Preceptorship is a period in which newly qualified staff nurses receive support from an experienced nurse to smooth their transition into the service. District nurses (DNs) from the authors’ trust informally expressed the need for a better transition between the completion of district nursing education and entry into the workforce. Hence, a structured preceptorship programme was developed and delivered. This article describes this service initiative and its evaluation by preceptors (n=14) and preceptees (newly qualified DNs; n=13). Both groups valued having a structured preceptorship programme. Preceptees agreed that having a named preceptor was very important, and preceptors felt that the role which they played was rewarding. Both groups felt that the role of the DN was a specialist role and that the preceptorship programme helped to support newly qualified staff make the transition into qualified DNs, clinical team leaders and, ultimately, caseload holders. A large-scale study of DN practice is required to develop a national consensus on the structure and content of preceptorship programmes for district nursing.

scholarly journals Shaping the Role of sub-Saharan African Nurses and Midwives: Stakeholder’s perceptions of the Nurses’ and Midwives’ tasks and roles

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi M. Seboni ◽  
Mabel K.M. Magowe ◽  
Leana R. Uys ◽  
Mary B. Suh ◽  
Komba N. Djeko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Education ◽  
Role Expectations ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Job Descriptions ◽  
Community Members ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Future Of Nursing ◽  
Nurses And Midwives

To explore the role expectations of different stakeholders in the health care system on the roles and tasks that nurses and midwives perform, in order to clarify and strengthen these roles and shape the future of nursing education and practice in sub-Saharan Africa. Qualitative focus group discussions were held with different stakeholders (nurses, health service managers, patients and their caregivers, community members and leaders and other health professionals) in eight African countries in order to establish their role expectations of nurses and midwives. Three questions about their role expectations and the interviews were taped, transcribed, and translated into English and analysed. There was consensus amongst the stakeholders regarding eight role functions: taking care of patients; giving health information; managing the care environment; advocating for patients; services and policies; providing emergency care; collaborating with other stakeholders; and providing midwifery care to women, infants and their families. There was disagreement amongst the stakeholders about the role of diagnosis and prescribing treatment. Nursing derives its mandate from communities it serves, and the roles expected must therefore form part of nursing regulation, education and practice standards. Health planners must use these as a basis for job descriptions and rewards. Once these are accepted in the training and regulation of nursing, they must be marketed so that recipients are aware thereof.Om die rol verwagtings van verskillende rolspelers in die gesondheidsisteem aangaande die rolle en take van die verpleegkundiges en vroedvroue te ondersoek, om daardeur uitklaring en helderheid en bekragtiging van hierdie rolle te verkry, waardeur die toekoms van verpleeg-onderwys en praktyk in sub-Sahara Afrika gevorm kan word. Kwalitatiewe fokus groepe is met verskillende rolspelers (verpleegkundiges, gesondheidsdiens bestuurders, pasiënte en hulle versorgers, lede van die gemeenskap, leiers en lede van andere gesondheidsprofessies) in agt Afrika lande gehou om hul rolverwagtings van verpleegkundiges en vroedvroue te bepaal. Drie vrae is oor die rolverwagtings gevra. Die onderhoude is opgeneem, getranskribeer, in Engels vertaal, en geanaliseer. Daar was konsensus tussen rolspelers oor agt rol funksies: versorging van pasiënte; die gee van gesondheidsinligting; bestuur van die sorgomgewing; voorspraak vir pasiënte; dienste en beleid; voorsiening van nooddienste; samewerking met ander rolspelers; en voorsiening aan moeder en kindersorg vir vroue en hul gesinne. Ooreenstemming is nie bereik aangaande die rol van diagnose en voorskryf van behandeling nie. Verpleging kry sy mandaat van die gemeenskappe wat gedien word en daarom behoort die rolverwagtings deel te vorm van verpleeg-regulasie, onderwys en praktyk- standaarde. Gesondheidsdiensbeplanners behoort hierdie verwagtings as basis te gebruik vir werksbeskrywings en erkenning. Na die aanvaarding van hierdie verwagtings in verpleegopleiding en regulering, moet dit bekend gemaak word sodat die gemeenskap daarvan bewus is. 

scholarly journals Causes and consequences of adult sex ratio imbalance in a historical U.S. population

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1729) ◽  
pp. 20160314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Schacht ◽  
Ken R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
The Social ◽  
Adult Sex Ratio ◽  
Sex Ratio Imbalance ◽  
Animal Societies

The responsiveness of individuals to partner availability has been well-documented across the literature. However, there is disagreement regarding the direction of the consequences of sex ratio imbalance. Specifically, does an excess of males or females promote male–male mating competition? In an attempt to clarify the role of the adult sex ratio (ASR) on behaviour, here we evaluate both competing and complimentary expectations derived from theory across the social and biological sciences. We use data drawn from a historical, nineteenth century population in North America and target several life-history traits thought to be affected by partner availability: age at first birth, relationship status, completed fertility and longevity. Furthermore, we assess the role of various contributors to a population's ASR. We find that both the contributors to and consequences of sex ratio imbalance vary over time. Our results largely support predictions of greater male pairbond commitment and lesser male mating effort, as well as elevated bargaining power of women in response to female scarcity. After reviewing our findings, and others from across the literature, we highlight the need to adjust predictions in response to ASR imbalance by the: (i) culturally mediated mating arena, (ii) variable role of demographic inputs across time and place, (iii) constraints to behavioural outcomes across populations, and (iv) ability and accuracy of individuals to assess partner availability. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Adult sex ratios and reproductive strategies: a critical re-examination of sex differences in human and animal societies’.

scholarly journals 2019 GSA FELLOWS SYMPOSIUM: STRENGTH IN AGE: HARNESSING THE POWER OF NETWORKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S538-S539
Author(s):  
Peter Martin
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
Young Aging

Abstract The 2019 GSA Fellows Symposium includes GSA members who were recently granted GSA Fellow status. They represent each of the GSA sections: Biological Sciences (BS), Health Sciences (HS), Behavioral & Social Sciences (BSS), Social Research, Policy & Practice (SRPP), and the Academy for Gerontology in Higher Education (AGHE). The theme of the 2019 GSA Fellows Symposium is focusing on the power of networks and will highlight the importance of neuroendocrine networks (Christian Sell), the role of social support for refugees in Canada (Esme Fuller-Thomson), the importance of professional partnerships to promote health (Heather Young), aging-friendly communities (Emily Greenfield), and the role of networks in teaching gerontology (Tina Kruger). The importance of networks across disciplinary boundaries will be discussed.

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