Role of Bioinformatics in Biological Sciences

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-57
Author(s):  
Disha Gangotia ◽  
Aeshna Gupta ◽  
Indra Mani
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences

scholarly journals Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF): fuel for cancer progression

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabh Satija ◽  
Harpreet Kaur ◽  
Murtaza M. Tambuwala ◽  
Prabal Sharma ◽  
Manish Vyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Transcription Factor Activation ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Adaptive Reactions

Hypoxia is an integral part of tumor microenvironment, caused primarily due to rapidly multiplying tumor cells and a lack of proper blood supply. Among the major hypoxic pathways, HIF-1 transcription factor activation is one of the widely investigated pathways in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME). HIF-1 is known to activate several adaptive reactions in response to oxygen deficiency in tumor cells. HIF-1 has two subunits, HIF-1β (constitutive) and HIF-1α (inducible). The HIF-1α expression is largely regulated via various cytokines (through PI3K-ACT-mTOR signals), which involves the cascading of several growth factors and oncogenic cascades. These events lead to the loss of cellular tumor suppressant activity through changes in the level of oxygen via oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent pathways. The significant and crucial role of HIF in cancer progression and its underlying mechanisms have gained much attention lately among the translational researchers in the fields of cancer and biological sciences, which have enabled them to correlate these mchanisms with various other disease modalities. In the present review, we have summarized the key findings related to the role of HIF in the progression of tumors.

scholarly journals Relevance of Fatty Acids to Sperm Maturation and Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Collodel ◽  
Cesare Castellini ◽  
Jetty Chung-Yung Lee ◽  
Cinzia Signorini
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Human Sperm ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Sperm Membrane ◽  
And Function

Almost 50% of infertility cases are associated with human male infertility. The sperm membrane is a key structure influencing sperm morphology and function in normal and pathological conditions. The fatty acid profile determines the performance not only of sperm motility but also of acrosomal reaction and sperm-oocyte fusion. This review presents available knowledge on the role of fatty acid composition in human sperm and spermatogenesis and discusses the influence of dietary fatty acids on the sperm fatty acid profile. Recent studies in biological sciences and clinical researches in this field are also reported. The topic object of this review has potential application in medicine by identifying potential causes of infertility.

scholarly journals Causes and consequences of adult sex ratio imbalance in a historical U.S. population

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1729) ◽  
pp. 20160314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Schacht ◽  
Ken R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Male Mating ◽  
Age At First Birth ◽  
The Social ◽  
Adult Sex Ratio ◽  
Sex Ratio Imbalance ◽  
Animal Societies

The responsiveness of individuals to partner availability has been well-documented across the literature. However, there is disagreement regarding the direction of the consequences of sex ratio imbalance. Specifically, does an excess of males or females promote male–male mating competition? In an attempt to clarify the role of the adult sex ratio (ASR) on behaviour, here we evaluate both competing and complimentary expectations derived from theory across the social and biological sciences. We use data drawn from a historical, nineteenth century population in North America and target several life-history traits thought to be affected by partner availability: age at first birth, relationship status, completed fertility and longevity. Furthermore, we assess the role of various contributors to a population's ASR. We find that both the contributors to and consequences of sex ratio imbalance vary over time. Our results largely support predictions of greater male pairbond commitment and lesser male mating effort, as well as elevated bargaining power of women in response to female scarcity. After reviewing our findings, and others from across the literature, we highlight the need to adjust predictions in response to ASR imbalance by the: (i) culturally mediated mating arena, (ii) variable role of demographic inputs across time and place, (iii) constraints to behavioural outcomes across populations, and (iv) ability and accuracy of individuals to assess partner availability. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Adult sex ratios and reproductive strategies: a critical re-examination of sex differences in human and animal societies’.

scholarly journals 2019 GSA FELLOWS SYMPOSIUM: STRENGTH IN AGE: HARNESSING THE POWER OF NETWORKS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S538-S539
Author(s):  
Peter Martin
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Disciplinary Boundaries ◽  
Young Aging

Abstract The 2019 GSA Fellows Symposium includes GSA members who were recently granted GSA Fellow status. They represent each of the GSA sections: Biological Sciences (BS), Health Sciences (HS), Behavioral & Social Sciences (BSS), Social Research, Policy & Practice (SRPP), and the Academy for Gerontology in Higher Education (AGHE). The theme of the 2019 GSA Fellows Symposium is focusing on the power of networks and will highlight the importance of neuroendocrine networks (Christian Sell), the role of social support for refugees in Canada (Esme Fuller-Thomson), the importance of professional partnerships to promote health (Heather Young), aging-friendly communities (Emily Greenfield), and the role of networks in teaching gerontology (Tina Kruger). The importance of networks across disciplinary boundaries will be discussed.

The Royal Medico-Psychological Association's Memorandum to the Royal Commission on Medical Education, 1966-1968

1968 ◽  
Vol 114 (516) ◽  
pp. 1435-1439 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical Curriculum ◽  
Royal Commission ◽  
The Past

The role of the doctor in society has changed rapidly over the past 20 years consequent upon great developments in the biological sciences and equally great changes in the society in which we live. In particular we would stress the following factors which would influence the medical curriculum.

scholarly journals Environmental Heterogeneity and Phenotypic Divergence: Can Heritable Epigenetic Variation Aid Speciation?

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Flatscher ◽  
Božo Frajman ◽  
Peter Schönswetter ◽  
Ovidiu Paun
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Environmental Heterogeneity ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Adaptive Strategies ◽  
Epigenetic Variation ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Adaptive Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Differentiation ◽  
Genome Wide

The dualism of genetic predisposition and environmental influences, their interactions, and respective roles in shaping the phenotype have been a hot topic in biological sciences for more than two centuries. Heritable epigenetic variation mediates between relatively slowly accumulating mutations in the DNA sequence and ephemeral adaptive responses to stress, thereby providing mechanisms for achieving stable, but potentially rapidly evolving phenotypic diversity as a response to environmental stimuli. This suggests that heritable epigenetic signals can play an important role in evolutionary processes, but so far this hypothesis has not been rigorously tested. A promising new area of research focuses on the interaction between the different molecular levels that produce phenotypic variation in wild, closely-related taxa that lack genome-wide genetic differentiation. By pinpointing specific adaptive traits and investigating the mechanisms responsible for phenotypic differentiation, such study systems could allow profound insights into the role of epigenetics in the evolution and stabilization of phenotypic discontinuities, and could add to our understanding of adaptive strategies to diverse environmental conditions and their dynamics.

Worlds in Collision: Owen and Huxley on the Brain

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.U.M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Scientific Advance ◽  
Societal Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Philosophical Intuition ◽  
Biological World ◽  
Richard Owen ◽  
The Brain

The ArgumentThis paper makes use of the 1860 clash between T. H. Huxley and Richard Owen to examine the role of social context in scientific advance in the biological sciences. It shows how the social context of nineteenth-century England first favored the Coleridge-Owenite interpretation of the biological world and then, at mid-century and subsequently, allowed the Darwin-Huxley interpretation to win through. It emphasizes the complexity of the clash. Professional, personal, and generational agendas as well as scientific theory and fundamental philosophical intuition were at stake. The history, ultimately, provides a useful instance of Schutz ‘s and Scheler ‘s concept of societal factors controlling and selecting between flows of idealfactoren. Although Huxley is conventionally regarded as the victor I conclude by suggesting that the issue is not yet closed and that profound philosophical issues remain unresolved.

scholarly journals Muslims in Pioneering Modern Knowledge: Chronicles of The Freely or Unconsciously Surrendered Legacies To The West

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-424
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Yusuf Maigida
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Entire Population ◽  
The West ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Mathematics History ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Knowledge

The paper dwelt on exemplification of the role of early Muslim world in pioneering modern knowledge with a magnification of the legacies that these torchbearers in Islam bequeathed to the world. The peculiarity of Nigeria as a nation with more than half of its entire population as Muslims was retrospectively reviewed from the pre-colonial to colonial-era; focusing on scholasticism. The study was examined purely from the historical perspective, to appraise how the impressive efforts of the early Muslim pioneers of modern knowledge in Medicine, Chemistry, Physics, Astronomy, Geometry, Mathematics, History, Geography and Biological Sciences were undertaken. The study did not finish without the expression of concern on how the golden legacies of the early Muslim pioneers have been played down by the Muslims of today, where knowledge or groundbreaking discoveries are now credited to the West, making it look like stolen legacies or freely surrendered legacies to those who are currently worried about the development. Based on these genuine concerns, several wells thought out recommendations were penned down, not limited to a suggestion on growing above externally triggered wars and hostilities among Muslim nations, and giving peace and unity chance, to settle down to reflect on how sustainable progress can be achieved in the world of knowledge economy.

The Role of Biological Sciences in Nursing Education

1982 ◽  
pp. 57-73
Author(s):  
Jack C. Hayward ◽  
Justus A. Akinsanya
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Nursing Education

scholarly journals Innovative Biomaterials for Bone Regrowth

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Iaquinta ◽  
Elisa Mazzoni ◽  
Marco Manfrini ◽  
Antonio D’Agostino ◽  
Lorenzo Trevisiol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cellular Biology ◽  
Innovative Biomaterials ◽  
Bioactive Agents ◽  
Bone Regrowth ◽  
Short Time

The regenerative medicine, a new discipline that merges biological sciences and the fundamental of engineering to develop biological substitutes, has greatly benefited from recent advances in the material engineering and the role of stem cells in tissue regeneration. Regenerative medicine strategies, involving the combination of biomaterials/scaffolds, cells, and bioactive agents, have been of great interest especially for the repair of damaged bone and bone regrowth. In the last few years, the life expectancy of our population has progressively increased. Aging has highlighted the need for intervention on human bone with biocompatible materials that show high performance for the regeneration of the bone, efficiently and in a short time. In this review, the different aspects of tissue engineering applied to bone engineering were taken into consideration. The first part of this review introduces the bone cellular biology/molecular genetics. Data on biomaterials, stem cells, and specific growth factors for the bone regrowth are reported in this review.

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