Antioxidant-Enzyme System as Selection Criteria for Salt Tolerance in Forage Sorghum Genotypes (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench)

2009 ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hefny ◽  
D. Z. Abdel-Kader
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme System ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

Forage sorghum in southern Manitoba

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. McCaughey ◽  
M. C. Therrien ◽  
R. Mabon
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Sorghum Sudangrass ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

After a series of hot, dry years in the late 1980s a study was conducted to assess the suitability and yield stability of forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.) in southern Manitoba. The effects of genotype and environment on DM yield of seven forage sorghum genotypes were evaluated (1990–1992) in six different environments. Genotype, environment and genotype × environment accounted for 3.9% (P < 0.0001), 84.8% (P < 0.0001) and 3.3% (P < 0.001) of the total variation in DM yield, respectively. The fact that environment accounted for most of the variability in DM yield and that relative rankings of varieties differed across environments indicated that yield was unstable. Forage sorghum produced acceptable DM yield only in years which were warmer (> 2700 CHU) than average (2200–2600 CHU) for southern Manitoba. Forage sorghum is not recommended for southern Manitoba unless the climate warms to where 2700 CHU are consistently accumulated during the growing season. Key words: Forage, sorghum, sorghum-sudangrass, C4, temperature, yield

scholarly journals GROWTH AND FOLIAR CONTENTS OF Na+ AND Cl- IN GENOTYPES OF FORAGE SORGHUM IRRIGATED WITH SALINIZED WATERS

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Siqueira Coelho ◽  
Welson Lima Simões ◽  
Alessandra Monteiro Salviano ◽  
Moisés Alves de Souza ◽  
Jair Andrade Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Foliar Concentration ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

GROWTH AND FOLIAR CONTENTS OF Na+ AND Cl- IN GENOTYPES OF FORAGE SORGHUM IRRIGATED WITH SALINIZED WATERS  DANIELA SIQUEIRA COELHO1; WELSON LIMA SIMÕES2; ALESSANDRA MONTEIRO SALVIANO3; MOISÉS ALVES DE SOUZA4; JAIR ANDRADE LIMA5 E JOSÉ EZEQUIEL DE SANTOS6 1 Instituto do Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos, rua A, s/n, 48906-652, Juazeiro - BA, e-mail: [email protected] Embrapa Semiárido, rodovia BR-428, Km 152, s/n, Zona Rural, 56302-970, Petrolina - PE, e-mail: [email protected] Embrapa Semiárido, rodovia BR-428, Km 152, s/n, Zona Rural, 56302-970, Petrolina - PE, e-mail: [email protected] Departamento de Biologia – Fisiologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Câmpus Universitário, Caixa Postal 3037,  37200-000, Lavras - MG, e-mail: [email protected] Embrapa Semiárido, rodovia BR-428, Km 152, s/n, Zona Rural, 56302-970, Petrolina - PE, e-mail:  [email protected] Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Pernambuco, rodovia BR 203, Km 2, s/n, 56328-903, Petrolina - PE,e-mail: [email protected]  1 ABSTRACT Plant efficiency in developing specific mechanisms to survive under salt stress can vary significantly among genotypes, which implies different responses in growth and yield. The aim of this study was to evaluate the salt tolerance of forage sorghum genotypes by analysis of growth variables correlated with the levels of Na+ and Cl- accumulated in the leaves. The research was carried out in a greenhouse belonging to the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) – Semiarid, in Petrolina, Pernambuco state, Brazil. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with factorial arrangement 10x6 with ten genotypes (‘F305’, ‘BRS 655’, ‘BRS 610’, ‘Volumax’, ‘1,015,045’, ‘1,016,005’, ‘1,016,009’, ‘1,016,013’, ‘1,016,015’ and ‘1,016. 031’), salt solutions with six levels of electrical conductivity (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10 and 12.5 dS m-1) and three replications. The variables evaluated were dry mass and water content of the shoots and roots, plant height, stern diameter, leaf area and foliar concentration of Na+ and Cl-. It was found that the growth of forage sorghum genotypes is similarly affected due to the increase of Na+ and Cl- foliar contents. The growth of forage sorghum is reduced by 50% when the plants are submitted to the application of saline solution with electrical conductivity of 8 dS m-1. Keywords: leaf area, salt stress, dry matter, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.  COELHO, D. S.; SIMÕES, W. L.; SALVIANO, A. M.; SOUZA, M. A. de; LIMA, J. A.; SANTOS, J. E. deCRESCIMENTO E TEORES FOLIARES DE Na+ E Cl- EM GENÓTIPOS DE SORGO FORRAGEIRO IRRIGADOS COM ÁGUAS SALINIZADAS   2 RESUMO A eficiência das plantas em desenvolver mecanismos específicos para sobreviver ao estresse salino pode variar significativamente entre genótipos, implicando em respostas diferenciadas no seu crescimento e rendimento. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o crescimento e teores foliares de Na+ e Cl- em dez genótipos de sorgo forrageiro submetidos a irrigações com águas salinizadas. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação localizada na sede da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) – Semiárido, em Petrolina – PE. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados dispostos em esquema fatorial 10x6, considerando dez genótipos (‘F305’, ‘BRS 655’, ‘BRS 610’, ‘Volumax’, ‘1.015.045’, ‘1.016.005’, ‘1.016.009’, ‘1.016.013’, ‘1.016.015’ e ‘1.016.031’), soluções salinas com seis valores de condutividade elétrica (0; 2,5; 5,0; 7,5; 10 e 12,5 dS m-1) e três repetições.  As variáveis avaliadas foram massa seca e conteúdo de água da parte aérea e raízes, altura da planta, diâmetro do colmo, área foliar e teores foliares de Na+ e Cl-. Verificou-se que o crescimento dos genótipos de sorgo forrageiro foi afetado  similarmente com o aumento da salinidade devido à elevação das concentrações de Na+ e Cl- nas folhas. O crescimento do sorgo forrageiro é reduzido em 50% quando as plantas são submetidas à aplicação de solução salina com condutividade elétrica de 8 dS m-1. Palavras-chave: área foliar, salinidade, massa seca, Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. 

scholarly journals Changes in Antioxidative, Oxidoreductive and Detoxification Enzymes during Development of Aphids and Temperature Increase

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1181
Author(s):  
Roma Durak ◽  
Jan Dampc ◽  
Monika Kula-Maximenko ◽  
Mateusz Mołoń ◽  
Tomasz Durak
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Temperature Increase ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Detoxification Enzymes ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme System

Temperature, being the main factor that has an influence on insects, causes changes in their development, reproduction, winter survival, life cycles, migration timing, and population dynamics. The effects of stress caused by a temperature increase on insects may depend on many factors, such as the frequency, amplitude, duration of the stress, sex, or the developmental stage of the insect. The aim of the study was to determine the differences in the enzymatic activity of nymphs and adult aphids Aphis pomi, Macrosiphum rosae and Cinara cupressi, and changes in their response to a temperature increase from 20 to 28 °C. The activity of enzymatic markers (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), β-glucosidase, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD)) in aphid tissues was analysed for three constant temperatures. The results of our research showed that the enzymatic activity of aphids (measured as the activity of antioxidant, detoxifying and oxidoreductive enzymes) was mainly determined by the type of morph. We observed a strong positive correlation between the activity of the detoxifying and oxidoreductive enzymes and aphids’ development, and a negative correlation between the activity of the antioxidant enzymes and aphids’ development. Moreover, the study showed that an increase in temperature caused changes in enzyme activity (especially SOD, CAT and β-glucosidase), which was highest at 28 °C, in both nymphs and adults. Additionally, a strong positive correlation between metabolic activity (heat flow measured by microcalorimeter) and longevity was observed, which confirmed the relationship between these characteristics of aphids. The antioxidant enzyme system is more efficient in aphid nymphs, and during aphid development the activity of antioxidant enzymes decreases. The antioxidant enzyme system in aphids appears to deliver effective protection for nymphs and adults under stressful conditions, such as high temperatures.

scholarly journals Increased Tolerance of Citrus (Citrus tangerina) Seedlings to Soil Water Deficit after Mycorrhizal Inoculation: Changes in Antioxidant Enzyme Defense System

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiu-Dan NI ◽  
Ying-Ning ZOU ◽  
Qiang-Sheng WU ◽  
Yong-Ming HUANG
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Soil Water Deficit ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme System

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can enhance tolerance of plants to soil water deficit, whereas morphological observations of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzyme system are poorly studied. The present study thereby evaluated temporal variations of the antioxidant enzyme system in citrus (Citrus tangerina) seedlings colonized by Glomus etunicatum and G. mosseae over a 12-day period of soil drying. Root colonization by G. etunicatum and G. mosseae decreased with soil drying days from 32.0 to 1.0% and 50.1 to 4.5% in 0-day to 12-day, respectively. Compared to the non-AM controls, the AMF colonized plants had significantly lower tissue (both leaves and roots) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion radical (O2•–) concentrations during soil water deficit, whereas 1.03–1.92, 1.25–1.84 and 1.18–1.69 times higher enzyme activity in superoxide dismutase, peroxidase (POD) and catalase. In situ leaf H2O2 and root POD location also showed that AM seedlings had less leaf H2O2 but higher root POD accumulation. Furthermore, significantly higher root infection and antioxidant enzymatic activities in plants colonized with G. mosseae expressed than with G. etunicatum during the soil drying. These results demonstrated that the AMs could confer greater tolerance of citrus seedlings to soil water deficit through an enhancement in their antioxidant enzyme defence system whilst an decrease level in H2O2 and O2•–.

Effects of aging and/or training on antioxidant enzyme system in diaphragm of mice

1996 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuji Oh-ishi ◽  
Koji Toshinai ◽  
Takako Kizaki ◽  
Shukoh Haga ◽  
Koichi Fukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme System ◽  
Effects Of Aging
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