Long-Term Cumulative Exposure Exacerbates the Effects of Atmospheric Ammonia on an Ombrotrophic Bog: Implications for Critical Levels

2009 ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy J. Sheppard ◽  
Ian D. Leith ◽  
Alan Crossley ◽  
Netty van Dijk ◽  
J. Neil Cape ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Atmospheric Ammonia ◽  
Ombrotrophic Bog

scholarly journals WALANT–Epinephrine injection may lead to short term, reversible episodes of critical oxygen saturation in the fingertips

2021 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-533
Author(s):  
P. Moog ◽  
M. Dozan ◽  
J. Betzl ◽  
I. Sukhova ◽  
H. Kükrek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Tissue Perfusion ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Epinephrine Injection ◽  
Venous Oxygen Saturation

Abstract Introduction Although the WALANT technique’s long-term safeness has been demonstrated in many studies, there are only few data investigating its short-term effects on tissue perfusion and oxygen levels. It was hypothesized that, temporarily, critical levels of tissue perfusion may occur. Methods Seventeen patients, who were scheduled for different procedures in WALANT technique, were injected with 5–7 ml of 1% Articain containing 1:200,000 epinephrine at the finger base. Capillary-venous oxygen saturation, hemoglobin volume in the capillaries, and relative blood flow in the fingertips were recorded once per second by white light spectrometry and laser Doppler flowmetry before, during and after injection for an average of 32 min. Results Clinically, no persistent tissue malperfusion was observed, and there were no postoperative complications. Capillary-venous oxygen saturation was reduced by ≥ 30% in seven patients. Critical levels of oxygen saturation were detected in four patients during 13 intervals, each lasting for 132.5 s on average. Oxygen saturation returned to noncritical values in all patients by the end of the observation period. Blood flow in the fingertips was reduced by more than 30% in nine patients, but no critical levels were observed, as with the hemoglobin. Three patients demonstrated a reactive increase in blood flow of more than 30% after injection. Conclusions Injection of tumescent local anesthesia containing epinephrine into finger base may temporarily cause a substantial reduction in blood flow and lead to critical levels of oxygen saturation in the fingertips. However, this was fully reversible within minutes and does not cause long-term complications.

Cumulative exposure to particulate matter air pollution and long-term post-myocardial infarction outcomes

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Koton ◽  
Noa Molshatzki ◽  
Yuval ◽  
Vicki Myers ◽  
David M. Broday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Post Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cumulative Exposure

Long-Term Effectiveness and Safety of Vedolizumab in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: 5-Year Cumulative Exposure of Gemini 1 Completers Rolling into the Gemini Open-Label Extension Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 152 (5) ◽  
pp. S602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward V. Loftus ◽  
Jean Frederic Colombel ◽  
Brian G. Feagan ◽  
Severine Vermeire ◽  
William J. Sandborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Extension Study ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Open Label Extension

scholarly journals Critical loads of nitrogen deposition and critical levels of atmospheric ammonia for mediterranean evergreen woodlands

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 11139-11163
Author(s):  
P. Pinho ◽  
M. R. Theobald ◽  
T. Dias ◽  
Y. S. Tang ◽  
C. Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Critical Loads ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Atmospheric Ammonia

Abstract. Nitrogen (N) has emerged in recent years as a key factor associated with global changes, with impacts on biodiversity, ecosystems functioning and human health. In order to ameliorate the effects of excessive N, safety thresholds have been established, such as critical loads (deposition fluxes) and levels (concentrations). For Mediterranean ecosystems, few studies have been carried out to assess these parameters. Our objective was therefore to determine the critical loads of N deposition and long-term critical levels of atmospheric ammonia for Mediterranean evergreen woodlands. For that we have considered changes in epiphytic lichen communities, which have been shown to be one of the most sensitive to excessive N. Based on a classification of lichen species according to their tolerance to N we grouped species into response functional groups, which we used as a tool to determine the critical loads and levels. This was done under Mediterranean climate, in evergreen cork-oak woodlands, by sampling lichen functional diversity and annual atmospheric ammonia concentrations and modelling N deposition downwind from a reduced N source (a cattle barn). By modelling the highly significant relationship between lichen functional groups and N deposition, the critical load was estimated to be below 26 kg (N) ha−1 yr−1, which is within the upper range established for other semi-natural ecosystems. By modelling the highly significant relationship of lichen functional groups with annual atmospheric ammonia concentration, the critical level was estimated to be below 1.9 μg m−3, in agreement with recent studies for other ecosystems. Taking into account the high sensitivity of lichen communities to excessive N, these values should be taken into account in policies that aim at protecting Mediterranean woodlands from the initial effects of excessive N.

Neighborhood Disorder and Distress in Real Time: Evidence from a Smartphone-Based Study of Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-541
Author(s):  
Erin York Cornwell ◽  
Alyssa W. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
New York ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Neighborhood Disorder ◽  
Activity Spaces ◽  
Residential Neighborhood ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Ecological Momentary

Socioeconomic disadvantage and disorder in the residential neighborhood have been linked to multiple health risks, but less is known about the relevance of other spaces of daily life. This article considers whether disadvantage and disorder in the immediate context—within or outside of the residential neighborhood—is associated with physiological symptoms indicative of stress and strain. We use data from a study of 61 older adults in four New York City neighborhoods. Participants carried smartphones to capture GPS locations and ecological momentary assessments during the study week. We find that instantaneous exposure to disorder is associated with momentary spikes in pain and fatigue. This is not explained by cumulative exposure to disorder or concurrent stress or fear. Rather, disordered spaces may be physically and cognitively taxing for older adults in real time. We urge further research on short- and long-term health consequences of activity spaces.

scholarly journals Persistent depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in older adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 213 (5) ◽  
pp. 638-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanfan Zheng ◽  
Baoliang Zhong ◽  
Xiaoyu Song ◽  
Wuxiang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Orientation Function ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
English Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Data

BackgroundLittle is known about the effect of persistent depressive symptoms on the trajectory of cognitive decline.AimsWe aimed to investigate the longitudinal association between the duration of depressive symptoms and subsequent cognitive decline over a 10-year follow-up period.MethodThe English Longitudinal Study of Ageing cohort is a prospective and nationally representative cohort of men and women living in England aged ≥50 years. We examined 7610 participants with two assessments of depressive symptoms at wave 1 (2002–2003) and wave 2 (2004–2005), cognitive data at wave 2 and at least one reassessment of cognitive function (wave 3 to wave 7, 2006–2007 to 2014–2015).ResultsThe mean age of the 7610 participants was 65.2 ± 10.1 years, and 57.0% were women. Of these, 1157 (15.2%) participants had episodic depressive symptoms and 525 participants (6.9%) had persistent depressive symptoms. Compared with participants without depressive symptoms at wave 1 and wave 2, the multivariable-adjusted rates of global cognitive decline associated with episodic depressive symptoms and persistent depressive symptoms were faster by –0.065 points/year (95% CI –0.129 to –0.000) and –0.141 points/year (95% CI –0.236 to –0.046), respectively (P for trend < 0.001). Similarly, memory, executive and orientation function also declined faster with increasing duration of depressive symptoms (all P for trend < 0.05).ConclusionsOur results demonstrated that depressive symptoms were significantly associated with subsequent cognitive decline over a 10-year follow-up period. Cumulative exposure of long-term depressive symptoms in elderly individuals could predict accelerated subsequent cognitive decline in a dose-response pattern.Declaration of interestNone.

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