What Are the Key Points of Treatment for Cases of Mild Cognitive Impairment? Based on the Evaluation of Cognitive Function Tasks in the ADASJcog

<b><i>Background/Aims:</i></b> The aims of this study were to identify the degree of atrophy of the hippocampus in image findings and which cognitive function items should be focused on when treating mild cognitive impairment. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 66 cases with mild cognitive impairment were included in the study over a 1.5-year observation period. MR images were used to assess hippocampal atrophy, and cognitive function was assessed by the ADASJcog test. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In the mild dementia group, there was a hierarchical difference in the 4 cognitive impairments in which each degree was significantly higher hierarchically. In the normally improved group, memory and act dysfunction was significantly improved, and in deteriorated cases, memory, orientation, and act dysfunction increased significantly. The normally improved group tended to have lighter hippocampal atrophy than the deteriorating group. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> In early treatment of mild cognitive impairment, it is important to focus on which cognitive items to treat, but there are no reports that present them numerically. Because it is not clear, there may be a risk that dementia may progress due to stunned treatment. It became clear that it was meaningful to show it, and it was the orientation and act function. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> It was suggested that hippocampal atrophy should be kept within the normal range and that the key treatment was mainly to improve memory and act dysfunction without reducing orientation function.

Quantitative phase analysis of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x and competing intergrowth and co-crystallizing phases via a Rietveld refinement study

The Rietveld refinement technique has been used to determine the extent of intergrowth of the Bi2Sr2CuO6+x phase and co-crystallization of competing phases in the high-temperature superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x (Bi-2212). The refinement was done on powder diffractograms obtained on powders made by grinding single crystals of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x grown using two different self-flux techniques, namely the pressure technique and the regrowth technique, and ground for either 2 min or 2 h. The Rietveld programs JANA and FULLPROF were used for the refinement and both gave consistent results. The Bi and Sr atom positions were refined in the average structure of centrosymmetric space group Bbmb. To incorporate Bi-atom modulation and extract information about the modulation vector, refinement was done in the centrosymmetric space group N^{Bbmb}_{1\overline 11}(Bbmb(0γ1)). The b* component of the modulation vector decreases with a decrease in the superconducting transition temperature in the pressure-technique sample compared with the regrowth sample, suggesting a better alignment of the CuO2 planes with respect to the Bi–O planes in the pressure-technique sample. All the samples exhibit a strong preferred orientation effect. Values of the March–Dollase parameters corresponding to the preferred orientation function were obtained. Brindley absorption contrast factors t ϕ were also calculated, together with the effect of microabsorption on the number of phases present in each sample. Rietveld refinements incorporating all the factors resulted in excellent values for the goodness-of-fit parameters for all the samples, with the lowest value of 2.08 for the pressure-technique sample ground for 2 min. Additionally, the powders corresponding to the pressure-technique crystals have no co-crystallizing phase and ∼94% of the Bi-2212 phase, suggesting that crystals grown by the pressure technique are of extremely good quality, much better than those grown by the regrowth flux technique.

The Effect of Stretching on the Crystal Structure and Crystal Orientation of PA510/SiO2 Films

In order to explore the relationship between the microstructure and macroscopic properties of PA510/SiO2 films, the effect of the stretching on the crystal structure and crystal orientation of stretched PA510/SiO2 films was studied. It could be seen from the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) graphs that the layered SiO2 molecules were mainly oriented toward the machine direction (MD) and the dispersion could be improved by stretching. Through wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) analysis, PA510/SiO2 stretched films only contained a γ crystal form. During uniaxial stretching, especially for 1 × 3 film, the γ1(100) crystal form was obviously oriented in the equatorial direction, and the orientation of γ2(004) and γ3(006) crystal forms could be observed in the meridian direction. According to the Herman orientation function, the orientation of the b-axis in the MD increased with the increase of the stretching ratio. It was worth noting that the orientation of the crystal region was more obvious. The addition of SiO2 and the orientation of the crystalline and amorphous regions could improve the barrier properties of the films. The changes in the optical properties of stretched films were affected by the dispersion state of SiO2 and the surface roughness.

Features of Representation of Color Names in Kazakh and English Toponyms

This article deals with the study of toponyms of Kazakh and English toponymy in the context of cognitive linguistics and the mechanism of interpretation of representation and perception of color names in toponyms and the principles of construction of these mechanisms. Toponyms are analyzed as a speech expression processed in the consciousness of the linguistic image of the world-the relationship of man and the environment. The modern stage of place names in cognitive research includes the consideration of language as one of the cognitive subsystems and onomastic vocabulary in the formulation of surrounding truths. The composition of the national toponymic picture of the world determines the motivation of the land-water names made in relation to the color names. Studying the combination of onym appellation, nominated from the attributes of the colors used in both languages. The color designation in toponyms is considered in connection with the peculiarities of geographical objects and their perception by human visual organs. Due to the fact that the external world is transmitted to different peoples in the form of specific idioethnic patterns, in place names of different ethnic groups, color symbols are recognized by new facets. The article discusses the color characteristics of the space in the names earth-water, given as a sample. Various approaches to the nature of the color components of geographical names are analyzed, and the possibility of symbolic and orientational interpretation of color is shown. The fact that the color in toponyms can serve as an orientation function, and not just as an indicator of the horizon side, also does not go unnoticed. The toponyms also present the results of research related to the nature of the object in which the symbolism of color orientation is nominated.

Drug delivery via super-paramagnetic (N2)n[SiO2(OH)2]8 Core-Shell catalyst

The MNPs @ [SiO2(OH)2]8 catalyzers were stablished via ab-initio and quantum mechanics & Molecular mechanic (QM/MM) simulation. The studies focus on how to improve the dispersion of composite particle for achieving high magnetic performances. The results revealed that the Fe3O4 @[SiO2 (OH)2]8(N2)8 as a cabalist exhibited better thermodynamic stability and dispersion than the magnetite nanoparticles. Furthermore, the particle size and magnetic properties of the [SiO2 (OH)2]8(N2)8 composite nanoparticles can be controlled by changing the functional groups. The electrical properties such as NMR Shielding, electron densities, energy densities, potential energy densities, ELF, LOL, of electron density, eta index, ECP, ESR and hyperfine interactions for Fe3O4@ [SiO2(OH)2]8(N2)8 have been calculated. As the catalyst could be easily recovered by magnetic separation and recycled for a few times without significant loss of its catalytic activity, we have calculated to obtain the stronger non bonded interaction in the Fe3O4@ [SiO2(OH)2]8(N2)8 system. This system can be used for antibiotics drug delivery instead of injection. The chemical shielding and several factors as the same electronegativity, magnetic anisotropy of π-systems will be changed due to the number of electrons The chemical shielding is a vector orientation function for all of the shielding parameters that can change in several places inside the shielding region.

Participation of People With Impairments in Seniors’ Organizations: Conditions and Limitations on Inclusion

Background and Objectives While older adults’ social participation has attracted sustained attention, the realities faced by seniors with impairments in this area are still understudied. Social representations are formed from socially constructed opinions regarding a given object and have four functions (knowledge, identity, orientation, justification). The purpose of this article is to document the social representations that exist within seniors’ organizations regarding participation by older people with impairments. Research Design and Methods In this mixed-methods study, an exploratory sequential design was applied. First, a qualitative phase involved meetings with five focus groups to explore how participants would manage difficult situations in which the inclusion of an older person with impairments must be addressed. Second, a quantitative phase consisted of a questionnaire administered to 86 respondents to examine the components of social representations about the participation of older people with impairments. Results Results show that, although research participants acknowledge that all seniors have the right to participate, this right confronts a collective identity infused with aging model that demands a youthful, “un-disabled” appearance and activities. In terms of the orientation function, making participation a reality is seen as relying on the efforts of people with impairments, but when there is a failure of inclusiveness, the reasons offered to justify it concern the resources available, rather than possible prejudices. Discussion and Implications Interpretation of the results leads to recommendations for both implementing an inclusion philosophy and practices in seniors’ organizations and revisiting the view of impairment in old age as otherness.

TRANSFORMATION OF DALEM SPATIAL STRUCTURE AROUND JERON BETENG AREA, YOGYAKARTA

Abstract- Dalem or Prince’s House is a house given by Keraton Yogyakarta to Sultan’s relatives. Dalem is located in and around the Jeron Beteng area in Yogyakarta. Nowadays dalem has changing especially in the function and the spatial structure of dalem. Those changes are influenced by the increase population density and the modernization culture of the people who lived around the area of Jeron Beteng. The changes that arise in dalem, especially about the spatial structure, is an interesting thing to investigate. The purpose of this study id to understand the changes that occur in the dalem spatial structure and the aspects that experience the most of the changing in dalem.The research used descriptive method with qualitative approach by examining aspects of the region’s history and Javanese culture. Both of these aspects explain the existence of the culture and rituals that are carried continuously and become the basis for the formation of the spatial structure with spaces that are needed for supporting the rituals. The datas are obtain by conducting field observations, interviews, and literature studies. The analysis of dalem is reviewed by studying the culture and history of Yogyakarta and tha principles of Yogyakarta’s traditional architecture.This study attempts to reveal how the changes that occur in spatial structure in dalem by comparing the conditionsd of spatial structure based on the principles of Yogyakarta’s traditional architecture with current conditions of dalem. The spatial structure are discussed by orientation, function, shape, zoning, and mass arrangement of dalem. The result of this study found that the changes that occur in dalem begins with an increase of the population density and a modernization culture do that there is a need to change the function in dalem for maximizing the use of the space, changes in zoning space of the area, and the addition of mass to the mass arrangements. Key Words: Transformation, dalem, spatial structure, Jeron Beteng

Satirizing international crises. The depiction of the Ukraine, Greek debt, and migration crises in political satire

In international crises, the media’s information and orientation function is particularly important in the public sphere. While the news media’s crisis coverage has been well researched and often criticized, very little is known about the depiction of crises in political satire. This study examines how German satirical shows (n = 154 episodes, 2014–2016) covered the Ukraine, Greek debt, and migration crises and whether or not these depictions corresponded to news media logic. In its attention to the crises, satire follows news media’s conflict orientation. Parallels with news media logic also relate to the information function because the predominant frame elements in satirical shows mirror governmental positions. This is different regarding the orientation function. In their evaluation of the frame elements, satirical shows’ criticism of governmental positions and their support for minority positions create a counter-narrative for the crises. Thus, satirical shows provide added value for public discourse.

The Grammatical Nature of Time Referral

As long as the time in its entirety is absolute, however, in the discourse it is “made up” or concretized from the phenomenon or concrete event taken into consideration, thus we cannot ‘abstract’ the grammatical dimension of the statement under any circumtance, as we cannot abstract the objective time and observer, because only in co-fulfillment they “fulfill” each other. Identification of the time mark from which the event is expressed with the verbal form in time, the grammatical nature of these moments, as the moment of speech (of speaking time), which is of instant nature, timely extension and most wide, then the time of the action and the time of expression of the statement are with the same orientation function for the time reference will be the subject of consideration during the elaboration of this paper. Obviously, other observations that are of interest to our consideration, with the character of uncontested grammatical facts in context, such as realistic reports of timely events, relative character of grammar setting etc., will be at the center of attention to as much as the nature of this paper.

Hyperspectral mapping of anisotropy

Hyperspectral imaging is now augmented by separation of the birefringence, dichroism and orientation function at the same wavelength and pixel by combining Malus and Beer–Lambert laws.