The Impact of Respiratory Viral Infections in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

1990 ◽  
pp. 87-102
Author(s):  
Charles G. Prober
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Digging through the Obstruction: Insight into the Epithelial Cell Response to Respiratory Virus Infection in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 4258-4261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Hendricks ◽  
Jennifer M. Bomberger
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infections

Respiratory virus infections are common but generally self-limiting infections in healthy individuals. Although early clinical studies reported low detection rates, the development of molecular diagnostic techniques by PCR has led to an increased recognition that respiratory virus infections are associated with morbidity and acute exacerbations of chronic lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis (CF). The airway epithelium is the first barrier encountered by respiratory viruses following inhalation and the primary site of respiratory viral replication. Here, we describe how the airway epithelial response to respiratory viral infections contributes to disease progression in patients with CF and other chronic lung diseases, including the role respiratory viral infections play in bacterial acquisition in the CF patient lung.

scholarly journals Respiratory Viral Infection Alters the Gut Microbiota by Inducing Inappetence

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen T. Groves ◽  
Sophie L. Higham ◽  
Miriam F. Moffatt ◽  
Michael J. Cox ◽  
John S. Tregoning
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Respiratory viral infections are extremely common, but their impacts on the composition and function of the gut microbiota are poorly understood. We previously observed a significant change in the gut microbiota after viral lung infection. Here, we show that weight loss during respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or influenza virus infection was due to decreased food consumption, and that the fasting of mice altered gut microbiota composition independently of infection. While the acute phase tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) response drove early weight loss and inappetence during RSV infection, this was not sufficient to induce changes in the gut microbiota. However, the depletion of CD8+ cells increased food intake and prevented weight loss, resulting in a reversal of the gut microbiota changes normally observed during RSV infection. Viral infection also led to changes in the fecal gut metabolome, with a significant shift in lipid metabolism. Sphingolipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) valerate were all increased in abundance in the fecal metabolome following RSV infection. Whether this and the impact of infection-induced anorexia on the gut microbiota are part of a protective anti-inflammatory response during respiratory viral infections remains to be determined. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiota has an important role in health and disease: gut bacteria can generate metabolites that alter the function of immune cells systemically. Understanding the factors that can lead to changes in the gut microbiome may help to inform therapeutic interventions. This is the first study to systematically dissect the pathway of events from viral lung infection to changes in gut microbiota. We show that the cellular immune response to viral lung infection induces inappetence, which in turn alters the gut microbiome and metabolome. Strikingly, there was an increase in lipids that have been associated with the resolution of disease. This opens up new paths of investigation: first, what is the (presumably secreted) factor made by the T cells that can induce inappetence? Second, is inappetence an adaptation that accelerates recovery from infection, and if so, does the microbiome play a role in this?

scholarly journals Diagnosis of respiratory viral infections in cystic fibrosis by PCR using sputum samples

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1486-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Jones ◽  
W. Flight ◽  
B. Isalska ◽  
M. Cullen ◽  
K. Mutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

Prevalence and Impact of Respiratory Viral Infections in Young Children With Cystic Fibrosis: Prospective Cohort Study

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (6) ◽  
pp. 1171-1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. van Ewijk ◽  
M. M. van der Zalm ◽  
T. F. W. Wolfs ◽  
A. Fleer ◽  
J. L. L. Kimpen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Prospective Cohort Study ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Cystic Fibrosis Pulmonary Exacerbations

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreya Patel ◽  
Misty Thompson ◽  
James Slaven ◽  
Clement Ren
Keyword(s):  
Chart Review ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Pulmonary Exacerbations ◽  
The Impact

​Background and Hypothesis       CF pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) are episodes of decline in respiratory function that can be triggered by a variety of mechanisms, including respiratory viral infections.  The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in school closures and home isolation policies and a potential reduction in exposure to other respiratory viruses.  The goal of this project is to study the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on CF PEx at the Riley Hospital for Children. We hypothesize that the incidence of PEx will be lower during the period of the COVID-19 lockdown from March 1 to May 15 in 2020 compared to the same time interval in 2019.      Methods  We performed a retrospective chart review of children with CF ages 2-12 (N=80) seen at Riley in 2019 and 2020 and collected data within the following timeframes: January 1 to March 15 2019 and 2020, and March 16 to May 15 2019 and 2020.  We collected data on baseline clinical features and details of each PEx event.  Data were analyzed with parametric and non-parametric descriptive statistic tests as appropriate; significance was set at P≤0.05.     Results       The percent of PEx events in the study cohort was significantly lower in 2020 compared to 2019 for January 1 to March 15 (56% vs 42%, P=0.0116) and March 16 to May 15 (35% vs 14%, P<0.0001).  The percent of in-person PEx events was significantly lower during March 16 to May 15 in 2020 compared to 2019 (15% vs 1%, P=0.0066)    Conclusions and Potential Impact        COVID-19 restrictions were associated with a decrease PEx events.  We speculate that this reflects a reduced exposure to respiratory viral infections in general. The decrease in in-person PEx events may reflect a shift towards telehealth during the COVID-19 restrictions.  These results provide a foundation for further research into triggers and prevention of CF PEx.   

Respiratory Viral Detection in the Paranasal Sinuses of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas R. Rowan ◽  
Eric W. Wang ◽  
Alyssa Kanaan ◽  
Nivedita Sahu ◽  
John V. Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Paranasal Sinuses ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Viral Detection ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
Clinical Measures ◽  
Sinonasal Disease

Background Pulmonary colonization with antibiotic-resistant organisms in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is often preceded by upper-airway infections. Although there is a well-described relationship between pulmonary respiratory viral infections and overall disease progression of CF, the pathogenicity of respiratory viral infections in the paranasal sinuses of patients with CF remains unknown. With recent advances in respiratory virus detection techniques, this study sought to detect the presence of respiratory viruses in the paranasal sinuses of patients with CF in comparison with healthy controls and to correlate the viral presence with clinical measures of sinonasal disease. Methods This prospective individual cohort study compared 24 patients with CF with 14 healthy controls. Basic demographics, clinical measures of disease and respiratory viral screens (commercial multiplex) obtained directly from the paranasal sinuses were compared between the two groups. Results Respiratory viruses were detected in 33% of patients with CF (8/24) compared with 0% of the healthy controls (0/14) (p = 0.017). Respiratory viruses were only detected during the winter months, and the most commonly identified were influenza A and human rhinovirus strains. There was no statistical difference in the 22-Item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) scores (p = 0.93) or modified Lund-Kennedy scores (p = 0.74) between patients with CF with a positive viral test and those without a positive result. Conclusions Respiratory viral detection is more commonly detected in the paranasal sinuses of patients with CF compared with healthy controls. Although respiratory viral presence did not correlate with a worse clinical severity of sinonasal disease, these findings may provide insight into the pathophysiology of CF and open new avenues for potential targeted therapy.

Association of Respiratory Viral Infections with Pulmonary Deterioration in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

1984 ◽  
Vol 311 (26) ◽  
pp. 1653-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine E.L. Wang ◽  
Charles G. Prober ◽  
Barbara Manson ◽  
Mary Corey ◽  
Henry Levison
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

scholarly journals Possible role of vitamin D supplementation in coronavirus disease 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Devi Dayal
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections ◽  
The Impact

<p>Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is presumed to play a role in several infective and non-infective conditions such as acute respiratory infections, tuberculosis, diabetes, hypertension, stroke etc. Most of the respiratory viral infections occur during winter season when the vitamin D levels in most individuals are generally low. The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which began during winter season similar to the previous epidemics due to coronaviruses, has again stirred a debate on the role of VDD in the initiation and spread of the pandemic. The data on vitamin D status in patients with COVID-19 is however lacking. Different vitamin D supplementation strategies have recently been suggested as part of several countermeasures aimed at reducing the impact of COVID-19 pandemic. This brief narrative review discusses the evidence for the link between VDD and COVID-19 and the approaches suggested for vitamin D supplementation.</p>

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