The Role of DMSP and DMS in the Global Sulfur Cycle and Climate Regulation

Abstract Water is essential to man’s life, nature and economy and has a fundamental role in the climate regulation cycle. It is a resource that is continually regenerating, but is at the same time finite and cannot be produced or replaced by other resources. Nothing is possible without water, this resource being the heart of human and economic development. That is why water is an essential factor for the existence of life and the development of human society. Rapid urbanization, the global demographic explosion and climate change have led to water quality degradation and have become acute pressures on water resources, which has led to concern for water protection. Water is the common denominator that links all areas of activity, and these actions have the role of encouraging a better understanding of the need for water use and management in a more responsible manner.

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The role of the ocean in a regional sulfur cycle

Deep Sea Research Part B Oceanographic Literature Review ◽

10.1016/0198-0254(86)91068-x ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 220

Keyword(s):

Sulfur Cycle

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Low sensitivity of cloud condensation nuclei to changes in the sea-air flux of dimethyl-sulphide

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-10-3717-2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 3717-3754 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. T. Woodhouse ◽

K. S. Carslaw ◽

G. W. Mann ◽

S. M. Vallina ◽

M. Vogt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽

Regulation Mechanism ◽

Condensation Nuclei ◽

Subsequent Formation ◽

Mean Values ◽

Climate Regulation ◽

Global Warming Scenario ◽

Low Sensitivity ◽

The Impact

Abstract. The emission of dimethylsulphide (DMS) gas by phytoplankton and the subsequent formation of aerosol has long been suggested as an important climate regulation mechanism. The key aerosol quantity is the number concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), but until recently global models did not include the necessary aerosol physics to quantify CCN. Here we use a global aerosol microphysics model to calculate the sensitivity of CCN to changes in DMS emission using multiple present-day and future sea-surface DMS climatologies. Calculated annual fluxes of DMS to the atmosphere for the five model-derived and one observations based present day climatologies are in the range 15.1 to 32.3 Tg a−1 sulphur. The impact of DMS climatology on surface level CCN concentrations was calculated in terms of summer and winter hemispheric mean values of ΔCCN/ΔFluxDMS, which varied between −51 and +147 cm−3/(mg m−2 day−1 sulphur), with a mean of 56 cm−3/(mg m−2 day−1 sulphur). The range is due to CCN production in the atmosphere being strongly dependent on the spatial distribution of the emitted DMS. The DMS flux from a future globally warmed climatology was 0.2 Tg a−1 sulphur higher than present day with a mean CCN response of 95 cm−3/(mg m−2 day−1 sulphur) relative to present day. The largest CCN response was seen in the southern Ocean, contributing to a Southern Hemisphere mean annual increase of less than 0.2%. We show that the changes in DMS flux and CCN concentration between the present day and global warming scenario are similar to interannual differences due to variability in windspeed. In summary, although DMS makes a significant contribution to global marine CCN concentrations, the sensitivity of CCN to potential future changes in DMS flux is very low. This finding, together with the predicted small changes in future seawater DMS concentrations, suggests that the role of DMS in climate regulation is very weak.

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Cryptic role of tetrathionate in the sulfur cycle: A study from Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone sediments

10.1101/686469 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Subhrangshu Mandal ◽

Sabyasachi Bhattacharya ◽

Chayan Roy ◽

Moidu Jameela Rameez ◽

Jagannath Sarkar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabian Sea ◽

Potential Role ◽

Sediment Cores ◽

Oxygen Minimum Zone ◽

Sulfur Cycle ◽

Metagenome Analysis ◽

Minimum Zone ◽

Oxygen Minimum

ABSTRACTTo explore the potential role of tetrathionate in the sulfur cycle of marine sediments, the population ecology of tetrathionate-forming, oxidizing, and respiring microorganisms was revealed at 15-30 cm resolution along two, ∼3-m-long, cores collected from 530- and 580-mbsl water-depths of Arabian Sea, off India’s west coast, within the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). Metagenome analysis along the two sediment-cores revealed widespread occurrence of the structural genes that govern these metabolisms; high diversity and relative-abundance was also detected for the bacteria known to render these processes. Slurry-incubation of the sediment-samples, pure-culture isolation, and metatranscriptome analysis, corroborated thein situfunctionality of all the three metabolic-types. Geochemical analyses revealed thiosulfate (0-11.1 μM), pyrite (0.05-1.09 wt %), iron (9232-17234 ppm) and manganese (71-172 ppm) along the two sediment-cores. Pyrites (via abiotic reaction with MnO2) and thiosulfate (via oxidation by chemolithotrophic bacteria prevalentin situ) are apparently the main sources of tetrathionate in this ecosystem. Tetrathionate, in turn, can be either converted to sulfate (via oxidation by the chemolithotrophs present) or reduced back to thiosulfate (via respiration by native bacteria); 0-2.01 mM sulfide present in the sediment-cores may also reduce tetrathionate abiotically to thiosulfate and elemental sulfur. Notably tetrathionate was not detectedin situ- high microbiological and geochemical reactivity of this polythionate is apparently instrumental in the cryptic nature of its potential role as a central sulfur cycle intermediate. Biogeochemical roles of this polythionate, albeit revealed here in the context of OMZ sediments, may well extend to the sulfur cycles of other geomicrobiologically-distinct marine sediment horizons.

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Cryptic role of tetrathionate in the sulfur cycle: A study from Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone sediments

10.5194/bg-2019-248 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Subhrangshu Mandal ◽

Sabyasachi Bhattacharya ◽

Chayan Roy ◽

Moidu Jameela Rameez ◽

Jagannath Sarkar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arabian Sea ◽

Potential Role ◽

Sediment Cores ◽

Oxygen Minimum Zone ◽

Sulfur Cycle ◽

Metagenome Analysis ◽

Minimum Zone ◽

Oxygen Minimum

Abstract. To explore the potential role of tetrathionate in the sulfur cycle of marine sediments, the population ecology of tetrathionate-forming, oxidizing, and respiring microorganisms was revealed at 15–30 cm resolution along two, ~ 3-m-long, cores collected from 530- and 580-mbsl water-depths of Arabian Sea, off India’s west coast, within the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). Metagenome analysis along the two sediment-cores revealed widespread occurrence of the structural genes that govern these metabolisms; high diversity and relative-abundance was also detected for the bacteria known to render these processes. Slurry-incubation of the sediment-samples, pure-culture isolation, and metatranscriptome analysis, corroborated the in situ functionality of all the three metabolic-types. Geochemical analyses revealed thiosulfate (0–11.1 µM), pyrite (0.05–1.09 wt %), iron (9232–17234 ppm) and manganese (71–172 ppm) along the two sediment-cores. Pyrites (via abiotic reaction with MnO2) and thiosulfate (via oxidation by chemolithotrophic bacteria prevalent in situ) are apparently the main sources of tetrathionate in this ecosystem. Tetrathionate, in turn, can be either converted to sulfate (via oxidation by the chemolithotrophs present) or reduced back to thiosulfate (via respiration by native bacteria); 0–2.01 mM sulfide present in the sediment-cores may also reduce tetrathionate abiotically to thiosulfate and elemental sulfur. Notably tetrathionate was not detected in situ – high microbiological and geochemical reactivity of this polythionate is apparently instrumental in the cryptic nature of its potential role as a central sulfur cycle intermediate. Biogeochemical roles of this polythionate, albeit revealed here in the context of OMZ sediments, may well extend to the sulfur cycles of other geomicrobiologically-distinct marine sediment horizons.

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Comparative genomics: Dominant coral-bacterium Endozoicomonas acroporae metabolizes dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP)

10.1101/519546 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Kshitij Tandon ◽

Pei-Wen Chiang ◽

Chih-Ying Lu ◽

Naohisa Wada ◽

Shan-Hua Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sole Carbon Source ◽

Genomic Analysis ◽

Sulfur Cycle ◽

Comparative Genomic Analysis ◽

Comparative Genomic ◽

High Quality ◽

Coa Transferase ◽

Complete Genomes ◽

Central Carbon

AbstractDominant coral-associated Endozoicomonas bacteria species are hypothesized to play a role in the coral-sulfur cycle by metabolizing Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) into Dimethylsulfide (DMS); however, no sequenced genome to date harbors genes for this process. In this study, we assembled high-quality (>95% complete) genomes of strains of a recently added species Endozoicomonas acroporae (Acr-14T, Acr-1 and Acr-5) isolated from the coral Acropora muricata and performed comparative genomic analysis on genus Endozoicomonas. We identified the first DMSP CoA-transferase/lyase—a dddD gene homolog found in all E. acroporae strains—and functionally characterized bacteria capable of metabolizing DMSP into DMS via the DddD cleavage pathway using RT-qPCR and gas chromatography (GC). Furthermore, we demonstrated that E. acroporae strains can use DMSP as the sole carbon source and have genes arranged in an operon-like manner to link DMSP metabolism to the central carbon cycle. This study confirms the role of Endozoicomonas in the coral sulfur cycle.

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