Enhancement of Alkylating Agent Cytotoxicity by Radiation Sensitizers

Abstract Background Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an anti-neoplastic alkylating agent that is extensively used in different chemotherapy regimens. Adverse effects on the reproductive system, especially spermatogenesis, are one of the most important side effects of this drug. It is medically essential to use complementary and alternative drugs. Herbal drugs have long been used as a complementary treatment. Our purpose was to study the effect of hydroalcoholic Allium atroviolaceum L. extract on spermatogenesis in CP-treated mice. Results CP affected a significant decrease in sperm count, motility, viability, and morphology. Sperm count was significantly higher in the all extract groups than in the group of control (p<0.001) and CP group (p<0.001, p<0.01). Sperm motility was significantly greater in the extract (100 and 200mg/kg) groups than in the group of control (p<0.05 and <0.001). Sperm immotility and rotational movement were significantly higher in the CP group than in the CP+extract groups (p<0.001). The sperm viability was significantly greater in the CP+extract (200mg/kg) group than in the CP group (p<0.001). The number of headless sperm, sperm with initial tail, with coiled tail, and sperm with curved body, was significantly lower in the CP+extract (200mg/kg) group than in the CP group (p<0.001). Conclusion A. atroviolaceum extract treatment significantly improved CP-induced reproductive toxicity.

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Synthesis and stability of 1-aminoalkylphosphonic acid quaternary ammonium salts

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d1ob00703c ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tomasz K. Olszewski ◽

Anna Brol

Keyword(s):

Phosphonic Acid ◽

Quaternary Ammonium ◽

Alkylating Agent ◽

Quaternary Ammonium Salts ◽

Ammonium Salts ◽

Aminoalkylphosphonic Acid

An effective protocol for quaternization of simple 1-aminoalkylphosphonic acids under basic conditions and using Me2SO4 as convenient alkylating agent is reported. In the course of reaction phosphonic acid quaternary ammonium...

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Application of Commercially Available Anhydrous Potassium Fluoride for a Convenient Synthesis of Ketene Dithioacetals

Journal of Chemical Research ◽

10.1177/174751989902300819 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 23 (8) ◽

pp. 492-493

Author(s):

Sabir H. Mashraqui ◽

Harini Hariharasubrahmanian

Keyword(s):

Carbon Disulfide ◽

Alkylating Agent ◽

Potassium Fluoride ◽

Solid Support ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Ketene Dithioacetals ◽

Convenient Synthesis ◽

Active Methylene Compounds ◽

Active Methylene

Commercially available anhydrous KF without activation or solid support promotes condensation between active methylene compounds, carbon disulfide and an alkylating agent in dry DMF to allow the preparation of a variety of ketene dithioacetals in fair to good yields under ambient conditions.

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New sterically hindered bis-catechol, bis- o -quinone and its bis-triphenylantimony(v) bis-catecholate. 3,5-Di- tert -butyl-6-methoxymethylcatechol as alkylating agent

Mendeleev Communications ◽

10.1016/j.mencom.2018.01.025 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 76-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Maxim V. Arsenyev ◽

Tatyana V. Astafeva ◽

Evgeny V. Baranov ◽

Andrey I. Poddelsky ◽

Sergey A. Chesnokov

Keyword(s):

Alkylating Agent ◽

Tert Butyl ◽

Sterically Hindered

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Critical Appraisal of Experimental Radiation Modalities for Malignant Astrocytomas

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/s0317167100030456 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 199-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

N.J. Laperriere

Keyword(s):

Critical Appraisal ◽

Clinical Results ◽

Particle Therapy ◽

Postoperative Radiation ◽

Postoperative Radiation Therapy ◽

Initial Management ◽

Altered Fractionation ◽

Malignant Astrocytomas ◽

Prospective Trials ◽

Radiation Sensitizers

ABSTRACT:The management of patients with supratentorial malignant astrocytomas has remained a major problem. Patients continue to die from a lack of local control in 90% of cases despite an improvement of median survival seen with the use of postoperative radiation therapy. Because of this, there has been considerable interest in exploring novel ways of possibly improving results. This paper reviews the rationale and clinical results with the use of altered fractionation schemes, brachytherapy, radiation sensitizers, hyperthermia, particle therapy, and radiosurgery in the treatment of these patients. Currently, there is no demonstrated advantage with the use of these experimental modalities in the initial management of patients. There would appear to be some benefit for selected patients who are treated with brachytherapy at recurrence, but its efficacy as part of initial management remains to be determined in ongoing randomized prospective trials.

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The Substrate Analog, Bromopyruvate, as Both a Substrate and Alkylating Agent for 2-Keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconic Aldolase

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(19)45058-8 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 247 (13) ◽

pp. 4186-4191

Author(s):

H. Paul Meloche ◽

Mark A. Luczak ◽

James M. Wurster

Keyword(s):

Alkylating Agent ◽

Substrate Analog

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Chronic senescent human mesenchymal stem cells as possible contributor to the wound healing disorder after exposure to the alkylating agent sulfur mustard

Archives of Toxicology ◽

10.1007/s00204-020-02946-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 95 (2) ◽

pp. 727-747

Author(s):

Simone Rothmiller ◽

Niklas Jäger ◽

Nicole Meier ◽

Thimo Meyer ◽

Adrian Neu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Wound Healing ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Alkylating Agent ◽

Chronic Wounds ◽

Sulfur Mustard ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Age Related

AbstractWound healing is a complex process, and disturbance of even a single mechanism can result in chronic ulcers developing after exposure to the alkylating agent sulfur mustard (SM). A possible contributor may be SM-induced chronic senescent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), unable to fulfil their regenerative role, by persisting over long time periods and creating a proinflammatory microenvironment. Here we show that senescence induction in human bone marrow derived MSCs was time- and concentration-dependent, and chronic senescence could be verified 3 weeks after exposure to between 10 and 40 µM SM. Morphological changes, reduced clonogenic and migration potential, longer scratch closure times, differences in senescence, motility and DNA damage response associated genes as well as increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines were revealed. Selective removal of these cells by senolytic drugs, in which ABT-263 showed initial potential in vitro, opens the possibility for an innovative treatment strategy for chronic wounds, but also tumors and age-related diseases.

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