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Chemosensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Marta Kowalska ◽  
Dominik Popiel ◽  
Martyna Walter ◽  
Remigiusz Bąchor ◽  
Monika Biernat ◽  
...  

Analysis of peptide biomarkers of pathological states of the organism is often a serious challenge, due to a very complex composition of the cell and insufficient sensitivity of the current analytical methods (including mass spectrometry). One of the possible ways to overcome this problem is sample enrichment by capturing the selected components using a specific solid support. Another option is increasing the detectability of the desired compound by its selective tagging. Appropriately modified and immobilized peptides can be used for these purposes. In addition, they find application in studying the specificity and activity of proteolytic enzymes. Immobilized heterocyclic peptide conjugates may serve as metal ligands, to form complexes used as catalysts or analytical markers. In this review, we describe various applications of immobilized peptides, including selective capturing of cysteine-containing peptides, tagging of the carbonyl compounds to increase the sensitivity of their detection, enrichment of biological samples in deoxyfructosylated peptides, and fishing out of tyrosine–containing peptides by the formation of azo bond. Moreover, the use of the one-bead-one-compound peptide library for the analysis of substrate specificity and activity of caspases is described. Furthermore, the evolution of immobilization from the solid support used in peptide synthesis to nanocarriers is presented. Taken together, the examples presented here demonstrate immobilized peptides as a multifunctional tool, which can be successfully used to solve multiple analytical problems.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Ahmad ◽  
Mohammad Kawsar Hossain

Synthesis of nanocatalyst on high surface area solid support is gaining attention from synthetic chemists for application in heterogeneous catalysis due to high catalytic performance and easy recoverability. However, the...


2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Edgardo Maza Ortega

The purpose of this article is to show how the humanities offer a solid support to understand and face social and personal decisions as well, especially looking at Chile although, we know, these situations are not only local. Also, to provide suggestions of help, in education, through the humanities, so that future citizens escape the disastrous results of the studies of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) which indicate that a large number of Chileans (53% of adults, but 84% of the country) do not understand what they read, becoming functional illiterates, moving away from the understanding of their social, cultural and historical environment. The above reinforces the idea of a country that can be had. This situation, which has occurred systematically, for different reasons, is what has led, for decades, to a situation of abuse, on the one hand, and weariness and anger in a large part of society, on the other. This is neither new nor local; on the contrary, social discontent has been occurring in different countries for at least thirty years.


Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 359
Author(s):  
David Milićević ◽  
Jan Hlaváč

A new approach to on-resin detection of three model proteases (trypsin, chymotrypsin, and thrombin) has been developed, while at the same time already described methodology for simultaneous detection of two enzymes (trypsin and chymotrypsin) has been additionally generalized. Appropriate immobilized substrates, comprising specifically cleavable peptide sequences capped with fluorescent dyes, have been synthesized on Rink Amide PEGA resin or Amino PEGA resin modified with backbone amide linker (BAL). Resulting solid support-bound probes were then dispersed into Tris-HCl buffer solution (pH = 8.0) and subjected to enzymatic cleavage. Liberated fluorophores have been tracked by fluorescence measuring. The competitive activities of studied proteases towards the thrombin probe have been efficiently limited and controlled by employing a Bowman-Birk inhibitor into a system.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 125001
Author(s):  
Bilal Zaarour

Abstract Enhancing the electrical outputs of energy harvesters is a great demand for researchers in recent years. In this work, the effect of the plasticizer treatment (Tetrahydrofuran [THF]) on the β phase content (F[β]) of electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fiber webs which are used as active layers to directly make a piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) is demonstrated. The results showed that during the plasticizer treatment, the F(β) of the web increases when the initial length of the web (L0) equals the distance between the two ends of the solid support (L) which the web fixed on it, whereas the F(β) decreases when L < L0 resulting in the formation of crimped fibers. Furthermore, the electrical outputs of the PENG based on the pristine web, and treated webs at different lengths are investigated. We believe this work can be used as a good reference for enhancing the electrical outputs of the PENG by enhancing the F (β) of PVDF nanofiber webs using a plasticizer treatment.


Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4122
Author(s):  
Yasir Anwar ◽  
Hani S. H. Mohammed Ali ◽  
Waseeq Ur Rehman ◽  
Hassan A. Hemeg ◽  
Shahid Ali Khan

The development of a solid substrate for the support and stabilization of zero-valent metal nanoparticles (NPs) is the heart of the catalyst system. In the current embodiment, we have prepared solid support comprise of alginate-coated cellulose filter paper (Alg/FP) for the synthesis and stabilization of Co nanoparticles (NPs) named as Alg/FP@Co NPs. Furthermore, Alginate polymer was blended with 1 and 2 weight percent of CoNi NPs to make Alg-CoNi1/FP and Alg-CoNi2/FP, respectively. All these stabilizing matrixes were used as dip-catalyst for the degradation of azo dyes and reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4NP). The effect of initial dye concentration, amount of NaBH4, and catalyst dosage was assessed for the degradation of Congo red (CR) dye by using Alg-CoNi2/FP@Co NPs. Results indicated that the highest kapp value (3.63 × 10−1 min−1) was exhibited by Alg-CoNi2/FP@Co NPs and lowest by Alg/FP@Co NPs against the discoloration of CR dye. Furthermore, it was concluded that Alg-CoNi2/FP@Co NPs exhibited strong catalyst activity against CR, and methyl orange dye (MO) degradation as well as 4NP reduction. Antibacterial activity of the prepared composites was also investigated and the highest l activity was shown by Alg-CoNi2/FP@Co NPs, which inhibit 2.5 cm zone of bacteria compared to other catalysts.


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