Sexual Development at the Neurohormonal Level: The Role of Androgens

Pedophilia ◽  
1990 ◽  
pp. 510-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Hutchison ◽  
R. E. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Development

scholarly journals Deletion of the Schizophyllum commune Aα Locus: The Roles of Aα Y and Z Mating-Type Genes

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 1437-1444
Author(s):  
C Ian Robertson ◽  
Kirk A Bartholomew ◽  
Charles P Novotny ◽  
Robert C Ullrich
Keyword(s):  
Mating Type ◽  
Sexual Development ◽  
Schizophyllum Commune ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Developmental Pathway ◽  
Mating Type Gene ◽  
Mating Type Genes ◽  
Regulatory Loci ◽  
Type Gene

The Aα locus is one of four master regulatory loci that determine mating type and regulate sexual development in Schizophyllum commune. We have made a plasmid containing a URA1 gene disruption of the Aα Y1 gene. Y1 is the sole Aα gene in Aα1 strains. We used the plasmid construction to produce an Aα null (i.e., AαΔ) strain by replacing the genomic Y1 gene with URA1 in an Aα1 strain. To characterize the role of the Aα genes in the regulation of sexual development, we transformed various Aα Y and Z alleles into AαΔ strains and examined the acquired mating types and mating abilities of the transformants. These experiments demonstrate that the Aα Y gene is not essential for fungal viability and growth, that a solitary Z Aα mating-type gene does not itself activate development, that Aβ proteins are sufficient to activate the A developmental pathway in the absence of Aα proteins and confirm that Y and Z genes are the sole determinants of Aα mating type. The data from these experiments support and refine our model of the regulation of A-pathway events by Y and Z proteins.

Influence of thymectomy on growth of secondary reproductive structures in rats

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constance R. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Development ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Thymus Gland ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Rapid Phase ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Long Evans

Ventral prostate glands and seminal vesicles of Long-Evans rats, thymectomized at 6–6 1/2 weeks of age and autopsied 3 weeks later, were significantly heavier than those of sham-operated rats. Values for thymectomized rats were as great as or greater than those for unoperated controls. The influence of thymectomy and sham operation was less pronounced when surgery was performed on rats which had not yet entered or had completed the most rapid phase of sexual development. A possible role of the thymus gland in the response to stress is discussed.

scholarly journals Disorders of Sex Development in Individuals Harbouring MAMLD1 Variants: WES and Interactome Evidence of Oligogenic Inheritance

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lele Li ◽  
Fenqi Gao ◽  
Lijun Fan ◽  
Chang Su ◽  
Xuejun Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Development ◽  
Disorders Of Sex Development ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Sex Development ◽  
Whole Exome ◽  
Clinical Series ◽  
Oligogenic Inheritance ◽  
Mode Of Inheritance

Mastermind-like domain-containing 1 (MAMLD1) has been shown to play an important role in the process of sexual development and is associated with 46,XY disorders of sex development (DSDs). However, the causative role of MAMLD1 variations in DSDs remains disputable. In this study, we have described a clinical series on children from unrelated families with 46,XY DSD harbouring MAMLD1 variants. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed for each patient. WES data were filtered using common tools and disease customisation algorithms, including comparison against lists of known and candidate MAMLD1-related and DSD-related genes. Lastly, we investigated the hypothesis that MAMLD1-related DSD may follow an oligogenic mode of inheritance. Forty-three potentially deleterious/candidate variants of 18 genes (RET, CDH23, MYO7A, NOTCH2, MAML1, MAML2, CYP1A1, WNT9B, GLI2, GLI3, MAML3, WNT9A, FRAS1, PIK3R3, FREM2, PTPN11, EVC, and FLNA) were identified, which may have contributed to the patient phenotypes. MYO7A was the most commonly identified gene. Specific gene combinations were also identified. In the interactome analysis, MAMLD1 exhibited direct connection with MAML1/2/3 and NOTCH1/2. Through NOTCH1/2, the following eight genes were shown to be associated with MAMLD1:WNT9A/9B, GLI2/3, RET, FLNA, PTPN11, and EYA1. Our findings provide further evidence that individuals with MAMLD1-related 46,XY DSD could carry two or more variants of known DSD-related genes, and the phenotypic outcome of affected individuals might be determined by multiple genes.

The Role of Masturbation in Healthy Sexual Development: Perceptions of Young Adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 983-994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine E. Kaestle ◽  
Katherine R. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sexual Development

The role of Δ4-androstenedione in the assessment of patients with disorders of sexual development

Pathology ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
J. Montalto ◽  
H.E. Davies ◽  
J.F. Connelly ◽  
G. Warne ◽  
H.N.B. Wettenhall
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Development ◽  
Disorders Of Sexual Development

scholarly journals Testosterone induction of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 expression and prostaglandin F2α production in hamster Leydig cells

Reproduction ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
María E Matzkin ◽  
Silvia I Gonzalez-Calvar ◽  
Artur Mayerhofer ◽  
Ricardo S Calandra ◽  
Mónica B Frungieri
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Development ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Prostaglandin Endoperoxide ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Synthase ◽  
Regulatory Loop

We have previously observed expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins (PGs), in reproductively active Syrian hamster Leydig cells, and reported an inhibitory role of PGF2α on hamster testicular steroidogenesis. In this study, we further investigated PTGS2 expression in hamster Leydig cells during sexual development and photoperiodic gonadal regression. Since PTGS2 is mostly expressed in pubertal and reproductively active adult hamsters with high circulating levels of LH and androgens, we studied the role of these hormones in the regulation/maintenance of testicular PTGS2/PGF2α. In active hamster Leydig cells, LH/hCG and testosterone induced PTGS2 and PGF2α production, and their actions were abolished by the antiandrogen bicalutamide (Bi). These results indicate that LH does not exert a direct effect on PG synthesis. Testosterone also stimulated phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase isoforms 3/1 (MAPK3/1) within minutes and hours, but the testosterone metabolite dihydrotestosterone had no effect on PTGS2 and MAPK3/1. Because Bi and U0126, an inhibitor of the MAP kinase kinases 1 and 2 (MAP2K1/2), abolished testosterone actions on MAPK3/1 and PTGS2, our studies suggest that testosterone directly induces PTGS2/PGF2α in hamster Leydig cells via androgen receptors and a non-classical mechanism that involves MAPK3/1 activation. Since PGF2α inhibits testosterone production, it might imply the existence of a regulatory loop that is setting a brake on steroidogenesis. Thus, the androgen environment might be crucial for the regulation of testicular PG production at least during sexual development and photoperiodic variations in hamsters.

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