Gene Flow, Spatial Structure, Local Adaptation, and Assisted Migration in Trees

2012 ◽  
pp. 71-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin V. Krutovsky ◽  
Jaroslaw Burczyk ◽  
Igor Chybicki ◽  
Reiner Finkeldey ◽  
Tanja Pyhäjärvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Assisted Migration

Gene flow favours local adaptation under habitat choice in ciliate microcosms

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 1407-1410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Staffan Jacob ◽  
Delphine Legrand ◽  
Alexis S. Chaine ◽  
Dries Bonte ◽  
Nicolas Schtickzelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Habitat Choice

scholarly journals Reestablishing a stepping-stone population of the threatened elkhorn coral Acropora palmata to aid regional recovery

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 461-473
Author(s):  
IB Kuffner ◽  
A Stathakopoulos ◽  
LT Toth ◽  
LA Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Florida Keys ◽  
Gauge Potential ◽  
Acropora Palmata ◽  
Assisted Migration ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Genetic Strains ◽  
Entire Experiment ◽  
Migration Experiment

Recovery of the elkhorn coral Acropora palmata is critical to reversing coral reef ecosystem collapse in the western Atlantic, but the species is severely threatened. To gauge potential for the species’ restoration in Florida, USA, we conducted an assisted migration experiment where 50 coral fragments of 5 nursery-raised genetic strains (genets) from the upper Florida Keys were moved to 5 sites across 350 km of the offshore reef. Additionally, 4 fragments from the 1 remaining colony of A. palmata in Dry Tortugas National Park (DRTO) were added to the 2 DRTO experimental sites to test for local adaptation. To measure coral performance, we tracked coral survival, calcification, growth, and condition from May 2018 to October 2019. All 24 corals relocated to the DRTO sites survived and calcified ~85% faster than the fewer surviving corals transplanted to the 2 upper Keys sites. While coral survival across the entire experiment did not depend on genet, there was a weak but statistically significant genetic effect on calcification rate among the corals relocated to DRTO. The DRTO native genet was among the fastest growing genets, but it was not the fastest, suggesting a lack of local adaptation at this scale. Our results indicate that DRTO, a remote reef system inhabited by the species during the Holocene and located at the nexus of major ocean currents, may be a prime location for reestablishing A. palmata. Assisted migration of A. palmata to DRTO could restore a sexually reproducing population in <10 yr, thereby promoting the species’ regional recovery.

Local adaptation along a sharp rainfall gradient occurs in a native Patagonian grass, Festuca pallescens, regardless of extensive gene flow

2020 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 103933
Author(s):  
Aldana S. López ◽  
Dardo R. López ◽  
Gonzalo Caballé ◽  
Guillermo L. Siffredi ◽  
Paula Marchelli
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Rainfall Gradient ◽  
Festuca Pallescens

scholarly journals The limits to parapatric speciation 3: evolution of strong reproductive isolation in presence of gene flow despite limited ecological differentiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1806) ◽  
pp. 20190532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Blanckaert ◽  
Claudia Bank ◽  
Joachim Hermisson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Genetic Barrier ◽  
Incipient Species ◽  
Postzygotic Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Minimal Configuration ◽  
Parapatric Speciation ◽  
Two Populations

Gene flow tends to impede the accumulation of genetic divergence. Here, we determine the limits for the evolution of postzygotic reproductive isolation in a model of two populations that are connected by gene flow. We consider two selective mechanisms for the creation and maintenance of a genetic barrier: local adaptation leads to divergence among incipient species due to selection against migrants, and Dobzhansky–Muller incompatibilities (DMIs) reinforce the genetic barrier through selection against hybrids. In particular, we are interested in the maximum strength of the barrier under a limited amount of local adaptation, a challenge that many incipient species may initially face. We first confirm that with classical two-locus DMIs, the maximum amount of local adaptation is indeed a limit to the strength of a genetic barrier. However, with three or more loci and cryptic epistasis, this limit holds no longer. In particular, we identify a minimal configuration of three epistatically interacting mutations that is sufficient to confer strong reproductive isolation. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Towards the completion of speciation: the evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers’.

scholarly journals Genomic Patterns of Local Adaptation under Gene Flow in Arabidopsis lyrata

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 2557-2571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuomas Hämälä ◽  
Outi Savolainen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Arabidopsis Lyrata ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Northern Latitudes ◽  
Local Selection ◽  
Empirical Level ◽  
Selected Traits

AbstractShort-scale local adaptation is a complex process involving selection, migration, and drift. The expected effects on the genome are well grounded in theory but examining these on an empirical level has proven difficult, as it requires information about local selection, demographic history, and recombination rate variation. Here, we use locally adapted and phenotypically differentiated Arabidopsis lyrata populations from two altitudinal gradients in Norway to test these expectations at the whole-genome level. Demography modeling indicates that populations within the gradients diverged <2 kya and that the sites are connected by gene flow. The gene flow estimates are, however, highly asymmetric with migration from high to low altitudes being several times more frequent than vice versa. To detect signatures of selection for local adaptation, we estimate patterns of lineage-specific differentiation among these populations. Theory predicts that gene flow leads to concentration of adaptive loci in areas of low recombination; a pattern we observe in both lowland-alpine comparisons. Although most selected loci display patterns of conditional neutrality, we found indications of genetic trade-offs, with one locus particularly showing high differentiation and signs of selection in both populations. Our results further suggest that resistance to solar radiation is an important adaptation to alpine environments, while vegetative growth and bacterial defense are indicated as selected traits in the lowland habitats. These results provide insights into genetic architectures and evolutionary processes driving local adaptation under gene flow. We also contribute to understanding of traits and biological processes underlying alpine adaptation in northern latitudes.

Divergence with gene flow is driven by local adaptation to temperature and soil phosphorus concentration in teosinte subspecies ( Zea mays parviglumis and Zea mays mexicana )

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonás A. Aguirre‐Liguori ◽  
Brandon S. Gaut ◽  
Juan Pablo Jaramillo‐Correa ◽  
Maud I. Tenaillon ◽  
Salvador Montes‐Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Divergence With Gene Flow

scholarly journals The Mobilome of Reptiles: Evolution, Structure, and Function

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Boissinot ◽  
Yann Bourgeois ◽  
Joseph D. Manthey ◽  
Robert P. Ruggiero
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Genomic Features ◽  
And Function

Transposable elements (TE) constitute one of the most variable genomic features among vertebrates, impacting genome size, structure, and composition. Despite their important role in shaping genomic diversity, they have mostly been studied in mammals, which display one of the least diverse genomes in terms of TE diversity. Recent new resources in reptilian genomics have opened a broader perspective about TE evolution in amniotes. We discuss these recent results by showing that TE diversity is high in reptiles, particularly in squamates, with strong heterogeneity in the number of TE classes retained in each lineage, even at short evolutionary scales. More research is needed to uncover the exact mechanisms that regulate TE proliferation in reptiles and to what extent these selfish elements can play a role in local adaptation or in the emergence of barriers to gene flow.

scholarly journals Evaluation of genetic isolation within an island flora reveals unusually widespread local adaptation and supports sympatric speciation

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1648) ◽  
pp. 20130342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander S. T. Papadopulos ◽  
Maria Kaye ◽  
Céline Devaux ◽  
Helen Hipperson ◽  
Jackie Lighten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Model Averaging ◽  
Dispersal Limitation ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Isolation By Environment

It is now recognized that speciation can proceed even when divergent natural selection is opposed by gene flow. Understanding the extent to which environmental gradients and geographical distance can limit gene flow within species can shed light on the relative roles of selection and dispersal limitation during the early stages of population divergence and speciation. On the remote Lord Howe Island (Australia), ecological speciation with gene flow is thought to have taken place in several plant genera. The aim of this study was to establish the contributions of isolation by environment (IBE) and isolation by community (IBC) to the genetic structure of 19 plant species, from a number of distantly related families, which have been subjected to similar environmental pressures over comparable time scales. We applied an individual-based, multivariate, model averaging approach to quantify IBE and IBC, while controlling for isolation by distance (IBD). Our analyses demonstrated that all species experienced some degree of ecologically driven isolation, whereas only 12 of 19 species were subjected to IBD. The prevalence of IBE within these plant species indicates that divergent selection in plants frequently produces local adaptation and supports hypotheses that ecological divergence can drive speciation in sympatry.

The interplay between dispersal and gene flow in anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus): implications for potential for local adaptation

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1327-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Sébastien Moore ◽  
Les N. Harris ◽  
Ross F. Tallman ◽  
Eric B. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Char ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
Assignment Method ◽  
Natal Habitat ◽  
Breeding Condition ◽  
Assignment Approach

Dispersal can influence the process of local adaptation, particularly when the dispersers successfully breed in the non-natal habitat. Anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) display a complex migratory behaviour that makes the distinction between breeding and nonbreeding dispersal especially important. This species does not reproduce every year, but individuals must migrate to fresh water to overwinter such that a large proportion of fish running up-river are not in breeding condition and have no potential for gene flow. We used a genetic assignment approach to identify dispersers among populations of char from Baffin Island, Canada. Estimates of dispersal varied between 15.8% and 25.5% depending on the assignment method, suggesting that Arctic char disperse at a higher rate than other salmonids. Nonbreeding individuals were more likely to use non-natal habitats than breeding individuals, thus resulting in estimates of dispersal that overestimate the potential for gene flow among populations. Finally, we parameterized a population genetic model showing that gene flow is probably sufficiently low to allow for local adaptation among populations, given realistic selection coefficients. Our results underscore the importance of understanding patterns of dispersal to appropriately evaluate their potential consequences for local adaptation and management.

scholarly journals The role of gene flow asymmetry along an environmental gradient in constraining local adaptation and range expansion

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1676-1685 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. FEDORKA ◽  
W. E. WINTERHALTER ◽  
K. L. SHAW ◽  
W. R. BROGAN ◽  
T. A. MOUSSEAU
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Range Expansion ◽  
Environmental Gradient ◽  
Flow Asymmetry
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