Immunoglobulins and Laboratory Recognition of Monoclonal Proteins

2012 ◽  
pp. 565-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry Katzmann ◽  
Robert A. Kyle ◽  
John Lust ◽  
Melissa Snyder ◽  
Angela Dispenzieri
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Proteins

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds from Herbal Medicine Targeting Multiple Myeloma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4451
Author(s):  
Coralia Cotoraci ◽  
Alina Ciceu ◽  
Alciona Sasu ◽  
Eftimie Miutescu ◽  
Anca Hermenean
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Inhibition Of Proliferation ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Clonal Proliferation ◽  
Hematological Cancers ◽  
Monoclonal Proteins

Multiple myeloma (MM) is one of the most widespread hematological cancers. It is characterized by a clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow and by the overproduction of monoclonal proteins. In recent years, the survival rate of patients with multiple myeloma has increased significantly due to the use of transplanted stem cells and of the new therapeutic agents that have significantly increased the survival rate, but it still cannot be completely cured and therefore the development of new therapeutic products is needed. Moreover, many patients have various side effects and face the development of drug resistance to current therapies. The purpose of this review is to highlight the bioactive active compounds (flavonoids) and herbal extracts which target dysregulated signaling pathway in MM, assessed by in vitro and in vivo experiments or clinical studies, in order to explore their healing potential targeting multiple myeloma. Mechanistically, they demonstrated the ability to promote cell cycle blockage and apoptosis or autophagy in cancer cells, as well as inhibition of proliferation/migration/tumor progression, inhibition of angiogenesis in the tumor vascular network. Current research provides valuable new information about the ability of flavonoids to enhance the apoptotic effects of antineoplastic drugs, thus providing viable therapeutic options based on combining conventional and non-conventional therapies in MM therapeutic protocols.

scholarly journals Prospective Study of Serum Protein Capillary Zone Electrophoresis and Immunotyping off Monoclonal Proteins by Immunosubtraction

1998 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry A. Katzmann ◽  
Raynell Clark ◽  
Elizabeth Sanders ◽  
James P. Landers ◽  
Robert A. Kyle
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Capillary Zone Electrophoresis ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Zone Electrophoresis ◽  
Capillary Zone ◽  
Monoclonal Proteins

Procedures for the Evaluation of Monoclonal Immunoglobulins

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Keren
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Light Chains ◽  
Free Light Chains ◽  
Sulfosalicylic Acid ◽  
Monoclonal Immunoglobulins ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Monoclonal Proteins

Abstract A wide variety of techniques are available for the screening, characterization, and quantification of monoclonal proteins. These techniques vary in regard to the expense, skill and intensity of labor involved, and sensitivity for detection of low levels of monoclonal proteins or of those with unusual migration. Detection of monoclonal proteins requires the use of high-resolution electrophoresis (either gel-based or capillary) and immunofixation (or immunosubtraction). Immunoelectrophoresis is not recommended. Urine for detection of monoclonal free light chains should be from 24-hour samples, and the aliquot should be concentrated at least 100-fold prior to electrophoresis and immunofixation. Dipstick and sulfosalicylic acid techniques are not sensitive enough to detect small quantities of monoclonal free light chains and should not be used as screening tests for this purpose.

scholarly journals Bortezomib maintenance for the treatment of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Renal Significance

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Lee ◽  
Peter Duggan ◽  
Ernesta Paola Neri ◽  
Jason Tay ◽  
Victor Jimenez Zepeda
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Maintenance Therapy ◽  
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Monoclonal Gammopathy ◽  
Renal Survival ◽  
Monoclonal Proteins

Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) defines renal disease resulting from monoclonal proteins that are secreted from clonal B cells, that does not meet criteria for lymphoma or multiple myeloma. Recognizing MGRS in clinical practice is important because renal outcomes are poor and treatments targeting the underlying clonal disease have been associated with improved renal survival. In this case report, we present a case of a patient with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) with IgG-kappa deposition who underwent clone directed treatment in a phased approach with induction and maintenance to achieve renal response. This is one of the first cases to report on MGRS treatment that required extended maintenance therapy.

scholarly journals The Lipemia Index: An Underutilized Tool to Detect Monoclonal Proteins

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 1062-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yash P Agrawal ◽  
Katie Hall
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Proteins

MONOCLONAL PROTEINS AND RENAL DISEASE

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Kyle, M.D
Keyword(s):  
Renal Disease ◽  
Monoclonal Proteins

Dangerous small B-cell clones

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (8) ◽  
pp. 2520-2530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giampaolo Merlini ◽  
Marvin J. Stone
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Mixed Cryoglobulinemia ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Monoclonal Immunoglobulin ◽  
Delay In Diagnosis ◽  
Monoclonal Immunoglobulin Deposition Disease ◽  
Monoclonal Proteins

AbstractThe detection of a monoclonal immunoglobulin in serum or urine usually raises concerns about the size of the underlying B-cell-derived clone and possible systemic effects caused by its expansion. However, a small clone can synthesize a very toxic protein, producing devastating systemic damage and protean clinical presentations. The resulting “monoclonal component-related diseases,” although difficult to diagnose, may be progressive and even fatal. The monoclonal protein can aggregate and deposit systemically as occurs in light-chain amyloidosis, monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease, crystal-storing histiocytosis, and monoclonal cryoglobulinemia. Alternatively, some monoclonal proteins possess antibody activity toward autogenous antigens and cause chronic cold agglutinin disease, mixed cryoglobulinemia, and peripheral neuropathies. Other humoral mediators may contribute to neuropathy in variant disorders such as the POEMS (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M protein, and skin changes) syndrome. The clone synthesizing the noxious monoclonal proteins is often small, and sensitive techniques may be required to detect these immunoglobulins. A delay in diagnosis can allow irreversible organ damage and dramatically shorten survival. Prompt recognition of suggestive signs and symptoms should trigger a thorough diagnostic approach to reach the correct diagnosis quickly, because this is the key to effective therapy. Although the treatment of these conditions is not optimal, significant advances have been made, improving the duration and quality of life.

Validation and method comparison of the use of densitometry to quantify monoclonal proteins in canine sera

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (S1) ◽  
pp. 78-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Dugger Harris ◽  
Emily Rout ◽  
Anne Avery ◽  
Denise Bolte ◽  
Erica Belling‐Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Method Comparison ◽  
Monoclonal Proteins

Demystifying Biclonal Gammopathy: A Pathologist’s Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudha Sharma ◽  
Parikshaa Gupta ◽  
Ritu Aggarwal ◽  
Pankaj Malhotra ◽  
Ranjana Walker Minz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Literature ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Protein Electrophoresis ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Immunofixation Electrophoresis ◽  
Biclonal Gammopathy ◽  
Monoclonal Proteins

Abstract Background The production of 2 monoclonal proteins characterizes biclonal gammopathic manifestations (BGMs). The available medical literature from India is chiefly restricted to case reports. Objective To study the incidence of BGMs in a tertiary care center in Chandigarh, India, during a 4-year period. We evaluated these cases further for their laboratory characteristics. Methods We scrutinized the contents of a database containing information from the studied 4-year period. Cases reported as BGMs on serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) and confirmed by serum immunofixation electrophoresis (SIFE) were included. Results A total of 15 cases, from a cohort of 914 cases of monoclonal gammopathic manifestations (MGMs), were available. On SPEP, 2 M bands were observed in 12 cases. On SIFE, 4 cases were reported as being of true BGMs. The most common heavy-chain combination observed was immunoglobulin (Ig)A-IgG. Follow-up was available in 2 patients. Conclusion Identification of BGMs increases diagnostic precision, despite that the treatment is similar to that for monoclonal gammopathic manifestations (MGMs). BGMs can be transitory and may be observed at presentation or during the disease course.

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