Group Size, Composition and Stability in a Wild Population of Blue-Eyed Black Lemurs (Eulemur flavifrons) at Ankarafa, Sahamalaza National Park

Leaping Ahead ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Guy Hermas Randriatahina ◽  
Jean-Jacques Roeder
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
National Park ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Black Lemurs

scholarly journals Habitat use of common dolphin (Delphinus sp.) in the Mochima National Park, Sucre, Venezuela.

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-146
Author(s):  
Alimar Molero-Lizarraga ◽  
Guillermo Barreto ◽  
Sergio Cobarrubia-Russo
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Group Size ◽  
National Park ◽  
Grid Cell ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Common Dolphin ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Incidence Studies ◽  
The Common

In Venezuela, common dolphin (Delphinus sp.) is considered the cetacean with the highest incidence. Studies in the region indicate a possible isolated coastal population so called Venezuelan stock   settled mainly in the northeast of the country.  . The objective of this study is to describe the habitat use of common dolphin in the Mochima National Park (MNP), a protected area with a high and growing anthropic pressure. Seventy surveys were carried out, with predefined survey route, from September 2009 to August 2010. Each group sighted was monitored while possible to a maximum of 30min.. During this time we registered location (Latitude-longitude), behaviour, group size and composition every 5min. Additionally, environmental variables were assessed from the sight location in a nautical chart. The study area was divided into a grid (cell: 500 x 500m) and the Coefficient of Area Use (CAU) was calculated for each cell. The proportion of the total observation time where the common dolphin displayed behaviours into the areas being used was estimated. A logistic regression model was applied to identify the variables that better explained usage pattern. In 55h of observation, 111 groups were recorded. The common dolphin used the habitat differentially, showing preferences for shallow areas  near to the coast. Areas of greatest intensity of use were Tigrillo inlet and the northeast of the Caracas Islands. The probability of presence of dolphins decreased with depth and distance to the coast. Common dolphin invested more time in feeding and socializing activities. Behaviours were significantly dependent of season, group size, composition, depth and distance to the coast. Finally, these data on habitat use and behaviour allow the identification of priority habitats. Throughout the year, the MNP provided areas for refuge, feeding and resting. , It is therefore imperative to promote management and conservation policies that prevent the negative impacts of the increasing   tourism and fishing activities we observed in this Park.

Variation in coyote social organization: the influence of prey size

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Don Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Group Size ◽  
National Park ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Mule Deer ◽  
Group Foraging ◽  
Winter Diet ◽  
Average Group ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Average Group Size

The foraging ecology and social organization of coyotes, Canis latrans, were studied in Jasper National Park, Alberta, from 1974 to 1977. Diet was determined from analysis of 1967 feces. In summer when rodents (43%) and neonatal cervids (19%) were the major foods, average group size in the population was 1.4 (n = 339 observations), whereas in winter when large ungulates dominated the diet (67%) average group size rose to 2.0 (n = 798). This pattern was also evident for two packs where mean group size rose from 1.5 in summer to 3.1 in winter with the incorporation of pups into the pack. The percentage of mule deer in the winter diet varied directly with group size. Packs were more successful than pairs or single coyotes in catching mule deer. In contrast, the percentage of elk in the winter diet was independent of group size. Since elk were scavenged, their occurrence in the winter diet was primarily a function of the number dying within each coyote territory. Pairs and packs defended ungulate carcasses and used these clumped resources more effectively than single coyotes. I conclude that group foraging increases the feeding efficiency of coyotes in Jasper. A comparison of the present findings with the results of the other coyote studies indicates that variation in the average size of prey eaten is an important factor determining group size and structure of coyote populations.

scholarly journals Comparisons of Group-Size, Composition and Movement of Herbivorous Reef Fish in Jamaica and Grand Cayman Island

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Layla Al-Shaer ◽  
Andrew Bloch ◽  
Matthew Draud ◽  
Brandon Baumann ◽  
Murray Itzkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Reef Fish ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Cayman Island ◽  
Grand Cayman

scholarly journals DAILY ACTIVITIES OF BALI MYNA (Leucopsar rothschildi) AT BALI MYNA GUIDANCE CENTER, TEGAL BUNDER, BALI BARAT NATIONAL PARK

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 598
Author(s):  
Arista Setyaningrum ◽  
Pipit Noviyani ◽  
Bambang Agus Suripto
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
National Park ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
International Union ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Bright Color ◽  
Prime Condition

<p>Bali Myna (Leucopsar rothschildi) is Bali’s endemic bird. Their number is decreasing gradually in the wild (Balen et al., 2000). Its bright color of white feather and blue skin that surrounded its eye have made them easy to be hunted when it perched on abranch. Bali Myna was classified as endangered species by International Union of Conservation and Natural resources (IUCN) in 1977 (Whitten et al. 1999). There is a captive breeding in Tegal Bunder, Bali Barat National Park (BBNP) called Bali Myna Guidance Centre to increase wild population as an effort to prevent extinction. There, its conditions should be monitored regularly to keep them in prime condition, before being released for breeding purpose. Their condition could be controlled by monitoring their daily activities.</p>

scholarly journals Investigating types and sources of organic aerosol in Rocky Mountain National Park using aerosol mass spectrometry

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 19875-19915
Author(s):  
M. I. Schurman ◽  
T. Lee ◽  
Y. Sun ◽  
B. A. Schichtel ◽  
S. M. Kreidenweis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Rocky Mountain National Park ◽  
Surface Winds ◽  
Front Range ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Aerosol Mass

Abstract. The environmental impacts of atmospheric particles are highlighted in remote areas where visibility and ecosystem health can be degraded by even relatively low particle concentrations. Submicron particle size, composition, and source apportionment were explored at Rocky Mountain National Park using a High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer. This summer campaign found low average, but variable, particulate mass (PM) concentrations (max = 93.1 μg m−3, avg. = 5.13 ± 2.72 μg m−3) of which 75.2 ± 11.1% is organic. Low-volatility oxidized organic aerosol (LV-OOA, 39.3% of PM1 on average) identified using Positive Matrix Factorization appears to be mixed with ammonium sulfate (3.9 and 16.6% of mass, respectively), while semi-volatile OOA (27.6%) is correlated with ammonium nitrate (nitrate: 4.3%); concentrations of these mixtures are enhanced with upslope (SE) surface winds from the densely populated Front Range area, indicating the importance of transport. A local biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA, 8.4%) source is suggested by mass spectral cellulose combustion markers (m/zs 60 and 73) limited to brief, high-concentration, polydisperse events (suggesting fresh combustion), a diurnal maximum at 22:00 local standard time (LST) when campfires were set at adjacent summer camps, and association with surface winds consistent with local campfire locations. The particle characteristics determined here represent typical summertime conditions at the Rocky Mountain site based on comparison to ∼10 years of meteorological, particle composition, and fire data.

scholarly journals Conservation strategy of Anaphalis spp. in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, East Java

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Filza Ade ◽  
◽  
Luchman Hakim ◽  
Estri Arumingtyas ◽  
Rodiyati Azrianingsih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
Population Decrease ◽  
Swot Analyses

The wild population of Anaphalis spp. in Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTNSP) has been reported decreased significantly. A combination of natural disturbance and anthropogenic factors contributes to the recent wild population decrease. A formulation of conservation strategy to ensure the sustainability of Anaphalis spp. require data and information related to external and internal factors determines the recent population in wild habitat. The objective of the paper was to identify factors related to conservation strategy of Anaphalis in BTSNP. This study found internal factor related to strength includes the existence of species and value of Anaphalisspp., while the weaknesses include increase of habitat degradation and disturbance caused by tourism activities. The opportunities for conservation include support of policy in biodiversity conservation and increase of ecotourism movement, while the threats aspect include less control of land uses changes and increase of mass tourism. The SWOT analyses recommends some significant strategy which are derived from combination of enhancing strength to optimizing opportunities, reducing weaknesses and optimizing opportunities, enhancing strength to reduce threats and managing weaknesses to manage risk.

Group composition and cohesion in sympatric white-tailed deer and mule deer

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 1119-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Lingle
Keyword(s):  
Group Size ◽  
Mule Deer ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Odocoileus Hemionus ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Small Female ◽  
Habitat Variation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Large Groups

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have been reported to live in smaller groups than mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus). Group size, however, generally varies with habitat conditions, and no comparison has been made between the social structures of the two species living in the same ecological conditions. I compared the size, composition, and stability of groups formed by sympatric whitetails and mule deer living in a prairie habitat in southern Alberta. Seasonal trends were similar for the two species. Females and fawns usually formed small groups during summer. Larger mixed-sex groups became increasingly common during winter, well after the breeding season. Despite the similar seasonal trend, mule deer were significantly more likely than whitetails to occur in relatively large groups composed of both sexes during winter, and whitetails were more likely to occur in small female groups. Mule deer groups were more stable than whitetail groups, and marked mule deer fawns developed strong associations with other known fawns. Habitat variation was limited and was not related to group size. These results show that the composition and cohesion of whitetail and mule deer groups differ, even when the species live in similar circumstances. The differences in grouping behaviour, larger more cohesive groups formed by mule deer than by whitetails, are consistent with those expected to result from the selection pressure of predation.

Effects of Group Size, Composition, Introduction Technique and Cage Apparatus on Aggression during Group Formation in Rhesus Monkeys

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn A. Fairbanks ◽  
Michael T. McGuire ◽  
William Kerber
Keyword(s):  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Number Of Males

Aggression directed toward rhesus monkey females was monitored for 2 wk. following group formation under several experimental conditions which included: (a) variation in the number of females (6, 12, 18) and the number of males (1, 2); (b) modifications in the cage apparatus (stripped, boxes and pipes, and visual barriers); and (c) differences in introduction technique (unfamiliar animals vs combination of two pre-existing groups). None of these treatments produced significant differences in the amount of aggression received per female. It was concluded that the extreme conditions inherent in the formation of a new group overshadowed the effects of physical and social variables which might have influenced aggression under more stable circumstances.

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