Maternal Diet Quality and Pregnancy Outcomes

ABSTRACT Background Advances in metabolomics are anticipated to decipher associations between dietary exposures and health. Replication biomarker studies in different populations are critical to demonstrate generalizability. Objectives To identify and validate robust serum metabolites associated with diet quality and specific foods in a multiethnic cohort of pregnant women. Design In this cross-sectional analysis of 3 multiethnic Canadian birth cohorts, we collected semiquantitative FFQ and serum data from 900 women at the second trimester of pregnancy. We calculated a diet quality score (DQS), defined as daily servings of “healthy” minus “unhealthy” foods. Serum metabolomics was performed by multisegment injection-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry, and specific serum metabolites associated with maternal DQSs were identified. We combined the results across all 3 cohorts using meta-analysis to classify robust dietary biomarkers (r > ± 0.1; P < 0.05). Results Diet quality was higher in the South Asian birth cohort (mean DQS = 7.1) than the 2 white Caucasian birth cohorts (mean DQS <3.2). Sixty-six metabolites were detected with high frequency (>75%) and adequate precision (CV <30%), and 47 were common to all cohorts. Hippuric acid was positively associated with healthy diet score in all cohorts, and with the overall DQS only in the primarily white Caucasian cohorts. We observed robust correlations between: 1) proline betaine—citrus foods; 2) 3-methylhistidine—red meat, chicken, and eggs; 3) hippuric acid—fruits and vegetables; 4) trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)—seafood, meat, and eggs; and 5) tryptophan betaine—nuts/legumes. Conclusions Specific serum metabolites reflect intake of citrus fruit/juice, vegetables, animal foods, and nuts/legumes in pregnant women independent of ethnicity, fasting status, and delays to storage across multiple collection centers. Robust biomarkers of overall diet quality varied by cohort. Proline betaine, 3-methylhistidine, hippuric acid, TMAO, and tryptophan betaine were robust dietary biomarkers for investigations of maternal nutrition in diverse populations.

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Effects of maternal diet quality on offspring performance in the rove beetle Tachyporus hypnorum

Ecological Entomology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2311.2006.00775.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 322-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

ANN KYNEB ◽

SØREN TOFT

Keyword(s):

Diet Quality ◽

Maternal Diet ◽

Offspring Performance ◽

Rove Beetle

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Maternal diet during early childhood, but not pregnancy, predicts diet quality and fruit and vegetable acceptance in offspring

Maternal and Child Nutrition ◽

10.1111/mcn.12151 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 579-590 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Amy M. Ashman ◽

Clare E. Collins ◽

Alexis J. Hure ◽

Megan Jensen ◽

Christopher Oldmeadow

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Maternal Diet ◽

Fruit And Vegetable

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Maternal diet quality before pregnancy and risk of childhood leukaemia

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114516003469 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 116 (8) ◽

pp. 1469-1478 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Amanda W. Singer ◽

Suzan L. Carmichael ◽

Steve Selvin ◽

Cecilia Fu ◽

Gladys Block ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diet Quality ◽

Maternal Nutrition ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Maternal Diet ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Childhood Leukaemia ◽

Dietary Components ◽

The Relationship ◽

Control Study

AbstractPrevious studies on maternal nutrition and childhood leukaemia risk have focused on the role of specific nutrients such as folate and have not considered broader measures of diet quality, which may better capture intake of diverse nutrients known to impact fetal development. We examined the relationship between maternal diet quality before pregnancy, as summarised by a diet quality index, and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in a case–control study in California. Dietary intake in the year before pregnancy was assessed using FFQ in 681 ALL cases, 103 AML cases and 1076 matched controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate OR and 95 % CI for diet quality continuous score and quartiles (Q1–Q4). Higher maternal diet quality score was associated with reduced risk of ALL (OR 0·66; 95 % CI 0·47, 0·93 for Q4v.Q1) and possibly AML (OR 0·42; 95 % CI 0·15, 1·15 for Q4v.Q1). No single index component appeared to account for the association. The association of maternal diet quality with risk of ALL was stronger in children diagnosed under the age of 5 years and in children of women who did not report using vitamin supplements before pregnancy. These findings suggest that the joint effects of many dietary components may be important in influencing childhood leukaemia risk.

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The diversity of first foods offered at weaning is predicted by indices of maternal diet quality, breastfeeding and parity

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665121003190 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (OCE5) ◽

Author(s):

J.E. Miller ◽

L.F. Foglizzo ◽

C.C. Crook ◽

J.M. Wallace

Keyword(s):

Diet Quality ◽

Maternal Diet

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Pre-pregnancy Diet Quality Is Associated With Lowering the Risk of Offspring Obesity and Underweight: Finding From a Prospective Cohort Study

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzab038_020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 408-408

Author(s):

Dereje Gete ◽

Michael Waller ◽

Gita Mishra

Keyword(s):

Medical Research ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Research Council ◽

Medical Research Council ◽

Research Training ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Maternal Diet ◽

Healthy Eating Index ◽

Health Study ◽

Research Fellowship

Abstract Objectives To examine the association between maternal diet quality before pregnancy and childhood BMI in offspring. Methods We included 1936 mothers with 3391 children from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health (ALSWH) and the Mothers and their Children's Health study (MatCH). Maternal diet was assessed using a semi-quantitative and validated 101-item food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). We used the healthy eating index (HEI-2015) score to explore maternal diet quality before pregnancy. Children over 2 years of age were categorized as underweight, normal, overweight, and obese based on age and sex-specific BMI classifications for children. Multinomial logistic regression with cluster-robust standard errors was used for analyses. Results Greater adherence to maternal diet quality before pregnancy was associated with a lower risk of offspring underweight after adjustment for potential confounders, highest vs lowest quartile (RRR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.96). Higher adherence to pre-pregnancy diet quality was also inversely associated with the risk of offspring obesity (RRR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.98). This association was, however, slightly attenuated by pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) in the full adjusted model. No significant association was observed between pre-pregnancy diet quality and offspring overweight. Conclusions This study suggests that better adherence to maternal diet quality before pregnancy is associated with a reduced risk of childhood underweight and obesity. Funding Sources The ALSWH is funded by the Australian Government Department of Health. MatCH is funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) project grant. Dereje Gete is supported by the University of Queensland Research Training Scholarship. Gita Mishra holds the Australian Health and Medical Research Council Principal Research Fellowship.

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Longitudinal dietary trajectories from preconception to mid-childhood in women and children in the Southampton Women’s Survey and their relation to offspring adiposity: a group-based trajectory modelling approach

International Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1038/s41366-021-01047-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kathryn V. Dalrymple ◽

Christina Vogel ◽

Keith M. Godfrey ◽

Janis Baird ◽

Nicholas C. Harvey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diet Quality ◽

Early Life ◽

Maternal Diet ◽

Principal Component ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Contributory Factor ◽

Group Model ◽

Percentage Body Fat ◽

Childhood Adiposity ◽

Trajectory Modelling

Abstract Background Rates of childhood obesity are increasing globally, with poor dietary quality an important contributory factor. Evaluation of longitudinal diet quality across early life could identify timepoints and subgroups for nutritional interventions as part of effective public health strategies. Objective This research aimed to: (1) define latent classes of mother-offspring diet quality trajectories from pre-pregnancy to child age 8–9 years, (2) identify early life factors associated with these trajectories, and (3) describe the association between the trajectories and childhood adiposity outcomes. Design Dietary data from 2963 UK Southampton Women’s Survey mother-offspring dyads were analysed using group-based trajectory modelling of a diet quality index (DQI). Maternal diet was assessed pre-pregnancy and at 11- and 34-weeks’ gestation, and offspring diet at ages 6 and 12 months, 3, 6-7- and 8–9-years using interviewer-administered food frequency questionnaires. At each timepoint, a standardised DQI was derived using principal component analysis. Adiposity age 8–9 years was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and BMI z-scores. Results A five-trajectory group model was identified as optimal. The diet quality trajectories were characterised as stable, horizontal lines and were categorised as poor (n = 142), poor-medium (n = 667), medium (n = 1146), medium-better (n = 818) and best (n = 163). A poorer dietary trajectory was associated with higher maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, smoking, multiparity, lower maternal age and lower educational attainment. Using linear regression adjusted for confounders, a 1-category decrease in the dietary trajectory was associated with higher DXA percentage body fat (0.08 SD (95% confidence interval 0.01, 0.15) and BMI z-score (0.08 SD (0.00, 0.16) in the 1216 children followed up at age 8–9 years. Conclusion Mother-offspring dietary trajectories are stable across early life, with poorer diet quality associated with maternal socio-demographic and other factors and childhood adiposity. The preconception period may be an important window to promote positive maternal dietary changes in order to improve childhood outcomes.

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The Relationship Between Gestational Weight Gain, Pre-pregnancy BMI, and Prenatal Diet Quality (P18-039-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz039.p18-039-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Haley Parker ◽

Karen McCurdy ◽

Alison Tovar ◽

Maya Vadiveloo

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Gestational Weight Gain ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Linear Models ◽

Maternal Diet ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Gestational Weight ◽

Funding Sources ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Objectives Gestational weight gain (GWG) may reflect dynamic changes to prenatal diet quality, however, this relationship has been understudied. This study explored the relationship between GWG, pre-pregnancy BMI, and prenatal diet quality. Methods A secondary analysis examined a subset of 1268 women in the longitudinal Infant Feeding Practices Study (IFPS II) with 3rd trimester Diet History Questionnaire data. Diet quality was assessed with the Alternative Health Eating Index for Pregnancy (AHEI-P). Self-reported pre-pregnancy BMI, and total GWG (72% response rate) were used to classify GWG as inadequate (I), adequate (A), and excessive (E) according to the Institute of Medicine's recommendations. Tukey-adjusted generalized linear models, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, Women, Infants, and Children participation, parity, and energy intake, compared GWG groups on mean AHEI-P scores. The interaction between pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG group was tested and if significant, models were stratified by BMI group. Sensitivity analyses using multiply imputed GWG data were conducted. Results On average, AHEI-P scores were 61.3 (of 130), women were 28.9 years, higher socioeconomic status (40% college graduates) and mostly non-Hispanic White (84%). Pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG were inversely associated with AHEI-P scores (P < 0.0001). The association between GWG and diet quality was modified by BMI group (P = 0.04). In stratified adjusted analyses, GWG was associated with AHEI-P scores (P < 0.05) among women with pre-pregnancy underweight (I = 54.4 ± 3.9, A = 59.7 ± 3.6, E = 63.5 ± 3.5), normal weight (I = 59.2 ± 1.5, A = 61.0 ± 1.2, E = 59.3 ± 1.2), overweight (I = 62.3 ± 2.9, A = 60.7 ± 1.6, E = 59.4 ± 1.5), and obesity (I = 59.2 ± 1.8, A = 57.8 ± 2.0, E = 60.6 ± 1.5). However, no significant post-hoc differences between GWG groups were observed among any of the pre-pregnancy BMI groups. Findings from the multiple imputation analysis did not differ from complete case analysis findings. Conclusions GWG and prenatal diet quality differed according to pre-pregnancy BMI in this study. Adherence to GWG recommendations during pregnancy is an important predictor of maternal diet quality and should be examined in conjunction with pre-pregnancy BMI. Funding Sources There are no funding sources to disclose.

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