Exploitation of Biocontrol Potential in the Management of Insect Pests of Pulse Crops

2001 ◽  
pp. 321-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lingappa ◽  
R. Hegde
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

scholarly journals A food web approach reveals the vulnerability of biocontrol services by birds and bats to landscape modification at regional scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Herrera ◽  
Bruno Silva ◽  
Gerardo Jiménez-Navarro ◽  
Silvia Barreiro ◽  
Nereida Melguizo-Ruiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Vertebrate Species ◽  
Landscape Modification ◽  
Olive Groves ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

AbstractPest control services provided by naturally occurring species (the so-called biocontrol services) are widely recognized to provide key incentives for biodiversity conservation. This is particularly relevant for vertebrate-mediated biocontrol services as many vertebrate species are of conservation concern, with most of their decline associated to landscape modification for agricultural purposes. Yet, we still lack rigorous approaches evaluating landscape-level correlates of biocontrol potential by vertebrates over broad spatial extents to better inform land-use and management decisions. We performed a spatially-explicit interaction-based assessment of potential biocontrol services in Portugal, using 1853 pairwise trophic interactions between 78 flying vertebrate species (birds and bats) and 53 insect pests associated to two widespread and economically valuable crops in the Euro-Mediterranean region, olive groves (Olea europaea subsp. europaea) and vineyards (Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera). The study area was framed using 1004 square cells, each 10 × 10 km in size. Potential biocontrol services were determined at all those 10 × 10 km grid-cells in which each crop was present as the proportion of the realized out of all potential pairwise interactions between vertebrates and pests. Landscape correlates of biocontrol potential were also explored. Our work suggests that both birds and bats can effectively provide biocontrol services in olive groves and vineyards as they prey many insect pest species associated to both crops. Moreover, it demonstrates that these potential services are impacted by landscape-scale features and that this impact is consistent when evaluated over broad spatial extents. Thus, biocontrol potential by vertebrates significantly increases with increasing amount of natural area, while decreases with increasing area devoted to target crops, particularly olive groves. Overall, our study highlights the suitability of our interaction-based approach to perform spatially-explicit assessments of potential biocontrol services by vertebrates at local spatial scales and suggest its utility for integrating biodiversity and ecosystem services in conservation planning over broad spatial extents.

Evaluating the biocontrol potential of insects auxiliary and bio- insecti-cide extracted from Citrullus colocynthis against Parlatoria blanchardi in date palm in Saoura Oases, Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-377
Author(s):  
Benlarbi Larbi ◽  
Boulanouar Ali ◽  
Akermi Moulay M’hammed
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Desert Plant ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Citrullus Colocynthis ◽  
Desert Region ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Insect Populations ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

Saoura, is an Algerian desert region, characterized by a height density of date palm trees (more than 300000).Despite this high density, the produc-tion of dates has seen a continuous decrease due to multiple reasons includ-ing increasing water salinity, the spread of many fungal diseases and insect pests where the most serious is Parlatoria blanchardi. The random use of Malathion during the invasions of desert locusts caused an ecological imbal-ance, where the majority of the natural enemies of date palm scale (DPS) disappeared, as consequence the population of DPS expanded increasingly. This study aims to find alternative methods to control pests taking into con-sideration the ecological balance. For this purpose, three entomofauna in-ventories were carried out to study the dynamics of insect populations and for introduction and acclimatization of new auxiliary insects to biocontrol the large infestation of DPS. we also looked to find a biodegradable insecticide extracted from Citrullus colocynthis (desert plant pariah by insects due to its toxicity). By comparing the results we noticed that effectiveness of the colo-cynth aquatic extracts on the target insect was as high as 65.99 % however it’s side effects on ecosystem were negligible unlike Malathion which exter-minated over than 301 non-target insects where 68% are useful such as bees, butterflies, some entomophagous insects and even some vertebrate such as Oenanthe leucopyga. Finally, a phytochemical screening and toxico-logical studies are recommended to determine exactly which component in colocynth is more effective on DPS and its undesirable effect on human health.

scholarly journals Biocontrol potential of Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai and Metarhizium anisopliae SPW isolate against insect pests of pechay and lettuce grown under protected and open field cultivation

2017 ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Reny Gerona ◽  
Bernardita Lauro
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Spore Suspension ◽  
Spore Concentration ◽  
Insect Infestation ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

Insect pests are one of the constraints in lettuce and pechay production. Although synthetic chemical insecticides are widely used, organic growers are interested in using alternative options which have no toxic residues. This study aimed to evaluate the biocontrol potential of Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai (Bta) and Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma) SPW isolate against insect pests of pechay and lettuce grown under protected and open field cultivation. Weekly spraying of each treatment was done using the recommended rates (RR) of application: Ma at 3L spore suspension per 13L water (1×108 spore concentration); Bta at 20g per 16L water; cypermethrin 5EC at 30mL per 16L water. Insect infestation was monitored weekly based on insect count and damage ratings. Yields were recorded at harvest. Results showed that application of either Bta, Ma or cypermethrin significantly reduced populations and damage of Spodoptera litura Fabr. and Plutella xylostella L. Pechay plants applied with Bta and Ma showed higher yields than cypermethrin in both types of cultivation. These findings suggested that Bta and Ma SPW isolate were effective against S. litura and P. xylostella and can be used as an alternative non-chemical option for their management.

Bioefficacy of chemical insecticides against major sucking insectpests on grain legumes in India- A review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Seetharamu ◽  
K. Swathi ◽  
S. Dhurua ◽  
M. Suresh ◽  
S. Govindarao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Flower Thrips ◽  
Thrips Palmi ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch

Grain legumes are the important source of dietary protein in tropical regions and insect pests are the major biotic constraints in the production of the grain legumes throughout the country. About 150 species of insects are known to attack pulse crops in India. Among the insect pests, the sucking pests like aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch; jassid, Empoasca kerri Pruthi; whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, thrips,Thrips palmi Karny and flower thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus Bagnall are known to cause significant damage to the pulse crops and also indirectly acting as a vectors in transmitting the deadly diseases resulting in severe loss in grain yields of the legume crops. The present review highlights the losses caused by the sucking pests and critically review the literature generated on the bio efficacy of conventional and novel groups of chemical insecticides for the management of sucking pests infesting grain legumes at different locations in India.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE ON THE INFESTATION OF FLEA BEETLE (Phyllotreta nigripes) AGAINST DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF MUNGBEAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
Kazi Nazrul Islam ◽  
Md. Mohasin Hussain Khan ◽  
Md. Mahbubul Islam ◽  
Mohammad Mahir Uddin ◽  
Md. Abdul Latif
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Infested Plant ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Significant Yield

Mungbean is one of the important pulse crops in Bangladesh. More than 12 species of insect pests infest mungbean, among them flea beetle cause significant yield loss due to attack from seedling to vegetative stages. The experiment was conducted to find out tolerant and susceptible varieties of mungbean against flea beetle at the farmer’s field of Patuakhali, Bangladesh from January to April 2016. Results revealed that BARI Mung-4 had the lowest abundance of flea beetle while BINA Moog-7 and BARI Mung-6 had the highest flea beetle abundance. Among the tested all varieties, significantly the lowest number (1.33) of infested plant by flea beetle was recorded in BARI Mung-4 followed by BINA Moog-4 (1.51) and the highest number (2.54) of infested plant by flea beetle was in BARI Mung-6 followed by (2.42) BINA Moog-7. The lowest percentage of leaf area damaged was on BARI Mung-4 (5.37%) while the highest on BARI Mung-6 (11.33%). Population of flea beetle showed a positive correlation (R2= 0.019) with temperature and a negative correlation (R2= -0.01) with relative humidity. BARI Mung-6 produced highest yield while Patuakhali local Mung produced the lowest followed by BARI Mung-4. Among tested varieties BARI Mung-4 showed comparatively more tolerant against flea beetle and BARI Mung-6 produced maximum yield in spite of being susceptile to flea beetle.

scholarly journals Diversity of Fungi Isolated From Coffee Farms in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
Happiness Nyambuge Msenya ◽  
Getrude Okutoyi Alworah ◽  
Stephen Runo ◽  
Douglas Watuku Miano ◽  
Mary Wanjiku Gikungu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The Status ◽  
Identification Of Fungi ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Biocontrol Potential

Diversity of biological species confers benefits to the sustainability of the ecosystem. This study was aimed at determining the diversity of fungi to show the status of soil and coffee plant richness of fungi for sustainable coffee cultivation and future sustainable disease management. Soil and plant tissue samples were collected from coffee farms in Kirinyaga County, while laboratory studies were done at the Plant Pathology Laboratory, Coffee Research Institute, Ruiru, Kenya. The fungal species were isolated from soil and coffee berries. Berries were washed and the fungi allowed to sporulate for 24 hrs. Lesions were excised and serial dilutions made. Fungi were isolated from soil by serial dilution of 10-3. Using the spread plate method, 1 ml of the dilution was plated on potato dextrose agar and incubated at room temperature for ten days. Identification of fungi at the genus level was carried out by using macroscopic and microscopic features. The results showed diverse fungi in both soil and berries which included Aspergillus, Trichoderm, Penicillium, Epicoccum, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Alternaria, Phoma, Rhizopu, Colletotrichum kahawae.The results further showed that Colletotrichum and Cladosporium were the most abundant in the berries at 76% for both species. Fusarium was the most prevalent microorganism in soil at 50% followed by Cladosporium and Penicillium at 20% each. The farms were generally less rich in prevalence of economic important fungi having Trichoderma and Epicoccum at less than 10%. This is a contributing factor to low productivity of coffee due to the lack of growth promoting fungi. This study recommends further studies on the Biocontrol potential of the isolated fungi against coffee insect pests and diseases.

scholarly journals Insect Pests of Pulse Crops and their Management in Neolithic Europe

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferran Antolín ◽  
Marguerita Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Neolithic Europe

Radio Waves Kill Insect Pests

1933 ◽  
Vol 148 (5) ◽  
pp. 272-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Radio Waves

Protection against Insect Pests

1915 ◽  
Vol 80 (2069supp) ◽  
pp. 130-130
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests
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