Partial Factor Productivities and Input Efficiency Indices

1998 ◽  
pp. 67-92
Author(s):  
Tae Hoon Oum ◽  
Chunyan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Input Efficiency ◽  
Partial Factor

scholarly journals Slow-release nitrogen fertilizers enhance growth, yield, NUE in wheat crop and reduce nitrogen losses under an arid environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqra Ghafoor ◽  
Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman ◽  
Muqarrab Ali ◽  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Wazir Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Index ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Partial Factor Productivity ◽  
Partial Factor ◽  
Coated Fertilizers

AbstractHigher demands of food led to higher nitrogen application to promote cropping intensification and produce more which may have negative effects on the environment and lead to pollution. While sustainable wheat production is under threat due to low soil fertility and organic matter due to nutrient degradation at high temperatures in the region. The current research explores the effects of different types of coated urea fertilizers and their rates on wheat crop under arid climatic conditions of Pakistan. Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency by using eco-friendly coated urea products could benefit growers and reduce environmental negative effects. A trial treatment included N rates (130, 117, 104, and 94 kg ha-1) and coated urea sources (neem coated, sulfur coated, bioactive sulfur coated) applied with equal quantity following split application method at sowing, 20 and 60 days after sowing (DAS). The research was arranged in a split-plot design with randomized complete block design had three replicates. Data revealed that bioactive sulfur coated urea with the application of 130 kg N ha-1 increased chlorophyll contents 55.0 (unit value), net leaf photosynthetic rate (12.51 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1), and leaf area index (5.67) significantly. Furthermore, research elucidates that bioactive sulfur urea with the same N increased partial factor productivity (43.85 Kg grain Kg-1 N supplied), nitrogen harvest index (NHI) 64.70%, and partial nutrient balance (1.41 Kg grain N content Kg-1 N supplied). The neem-coated and sulfur-coated fertilizers also showed better results than monotypic urea. The wheat growth and phenology significantly improved by using coated fertilizers. The crop reached maturity earlier with the application of bioactive sulfur-coated urea than others. Maximum total dry matter 14402 (kg ha-1) recorded with 130 kg N ha-1application. Higher 1000-grain weight (33.66 g), more number of grains per spike (53.67), grain yield (4457 kg ha-1), and harvest index (34.29%) were obtained with optimum N application 130 kg ha-1 (recommended). There is a significant correlation observed for growth, yield, and physiological parameters with N in the soil while nitrogen-related indices are also positively correlated. The major problem of groundwater contamination with nitrate leaching is also reduced by using coated fertilizers. Minimum nitrate concentration (7.37 and 8.77 kg ha-1) was observed with the application of bioactive sulfur-coated and sulfur-coated urea with lower N (94 kg ha-1), respectively. The bioactive sulfur-coated urea with the application of 130 kg N ha-1 showed maximum phosphorus 5.45 mg kg-1 and potassium 100.67 mg kg-1 in the soil. Maximum nitrogen uptake (88.20 kg ha-1) is showed by bioactive sulfur coated urea with 130 kg N ha-1 application. The total available NPK concentrations in soil showed a significant correlation with physiological attributes; grain yield; harvest index; and nitrogen use efficiency components, i.e., partial factor productivity, partial nutrient balance, and nitrogen harvest index. This research reveals that coating urea with secondary nutrients, neem oil, and microbes are highly effective techniques for enhancing fertilizer use efficiency and wheat production in calcareous soils and reduced N losses under arid environments.

scholarly journals Comparison of reliability evaluation methods between China and Canada standards for wood structures featuring duration of load

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiongyao Wu ◽  
Shuang Niu ◽  
Enchun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Safety Level ◽  
Wood Structures ◽  
Load Effect ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Live Loads ◽  
High Level ◽  
Partial Factor ◽  
Duration Of Load

Abstract Duration of load (DOL) is a key factor in design of wood structures, which makes the reliability analysis of wood structures more complicated. The importance of DOL is widely recognized, yet the methods and models through which it is incorporated into design codes vary substantially by country/region. Few investigations of the effect of different model assumptions of DOL and other random variables on the results of reliability analysis of wood structures can be found. In this paper, comparisons are made on the reliability analysis methods that underlie the China and the Canada standards for design of wood structures. Main characteristics of these two methods, especially the way how DOL is treated are investigated. Reliability analysis was carried out with the two methods employing the same set of material properties and load parameters. The resulted relationships between reliability index β and resistance partial factor γR* (the β–γR* curves) for four load combinations are compared to study the safety level indicated by the two methods. The comparison shows that the damage accumulation model (Foschi–Yao model) in the Canada analysis method is highly dependent on the type and duration of load, resulting in more conservative design than the China analysis method in loading cases dominated by dead load, but less conservative design in cases of high level of live loads. The characteristics of the load effect term of the performance function are also found to make considerable difference in reliability levels between the two methods. This study aims to provide references for researchers and standard developers in the field of wood structures.

Resistance partial factor and reliability of cast ball-and-socket support joint

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 391-396
Author(s):  
Qinghua Han ◽  
Yan Lu ◽  
Mingchang Jin
Keyword(s):  
Partial Factor

The input efficiency of chord keyboards

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-645
Author(s):  
Fong-Gong Wu ◽  
Wen-Zhou Shi
Keyword(s):  
Input Efficiency

scholarly journals PENGARUH RELIGIUSITAS, KUALITAS PELAYANAN, KUALITAS PRODUK TERHADAP LOYALITAS NASABAH TABUNGAN PADA PT. BANK ACEH SYARIAH KANTOR CABANG PEMBANTU DARUSSALAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-120
Author(s):  
Nurma Yoni
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Simultaneous Effect ◽  
Sample Technique ◽  
Quality Of Products ◽  
Partial Factor

  The purpose of research is to know the influence of religiality, quality of service, quality of products to customer loyalty savings at PT. Bank Aceh Branch Helper Darussalam. Sample of this research as much as 100 customers using the formula Slovin with a sample technique is purposive sampling. The type of research used in this study is quantitative. The data used is the primary data obtained by using questionnaires. The results of this study showed that religiusity, quality of service, the product quality is the simultaneous effect on customer loyalty savings at PT. Bank Aceh Branch maid Darussalam. A partial factor of religiusity and quality of service, the culinary products to give positive and significant impact on customer loyalty at PT. Bank Aceh, but one of the variables (product culitas) has a level of Lower influence than the variable religiusisity and quality of service.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and harvest impact on warm-season grass biomass yield and feedstock quality

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Chamara Sandaruwan Weerasekara Imbulana Acharige
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Feedstock Quality ◽  
Harvest Timing ◽  
Bioenergy Feedstocks ◽  
Partial Factor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Warm Season Grasses

Perennial warm-season grasses including switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), big bluestem (Andropogon geradii Vitman), and Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans L.) have drawn interest as bioenergy feedstocks due to their high yielding capacity with minimal amounts of inputs under a wide range of environments, and their capability to produce multiple environmental benefits. Nitrogen (N) fertility and harvest timing are considered as critical management practices when optimizing biomass yield and the feedstock quality of these grasses. The objective of this investigation was to quantify the impact of N fertilizer rate, N timing and harvest date on warm season biomass dry matter yield. Research was conducted in 2014 and 2015 on a total of four field-plot locations situated in central and west-central Missouri. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied using dry ammonium nitrate at the rates of 0, 34, 67, and 101 kg ha-1 at two application times, all N early spring and split N (early spring and following 1st harvest). Harvest treatments were as follows: 1) one cut in September; 2) one cut in November; 3) one cut in June and a second in September; and 4) one cut in June and a second in November. Treatments were arranged in a split-plot design with N rate as the main plot and harvest as the sub-plot in arandomized complete block design. Both N and harvest date and their interactions impacted biomass yield at all four locations. Delaying harvesting until late fall or killing frost increased yield. November harvest in combination with N rates grater than or equal to 67 kg ha-1 year-1 produced higher yields compared to the control and 34 kg ha-1N treatments and other harvest timing strategies. Although N was needed to optimize yield, partial factor 24 productivity (PFP) of applied N was flat when N applied was greater than 34 kg ha-1. Nitrogen fertilization at 67 kg ha-1 per growing season provided an opportunity to maintain a balance between both yield and efficiency of N inputs. Results of this research highlight the interactions of N fertilization and harvest management have when optimizing yield of warm-season grasses grown as bioenergy feedstocks. List of acronyms: N, Nitrogen; PFP, partial factor productivity.

scholarly journals Seismogenic nodes as a viable alternative to seismogenic zones and observed seismicity for the definition of seismic hazard at regional scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Rugarli ◽  
Franco Vaccari ◽  
Giuliano Panza
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Safety Factor ◽  
Seismic Moment ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Earthquake Catalogues ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Partial Factor ◽  
Seismogenic Nodes

A fixed increment of magnitude is equivalent to multiply the seismic moment by a factor γEM related to the partial factor γq acting on the seismic moment representing the fault. A comparison is made between the hazard maps obtained with the Neo-Deterministic Seismic Hazard Assessment (NDSHA), using two different approaches: one based on the events magnitude, listed in parametric earthquake catalogues compiled for the study areas, with sources located within the seismogenic zones; the other uses the seismogenic nodes identified by means of pattern recognition techniques applied to morphostructural zonation (MSZ), and increases the reference magnitude by a constant amount tuned by the safety factor γEM.Using γEM=2.0, in most of the territory the two approaches produce totally independent, comparable hazard maps, based on the quite long Italian catalogue. This represents a validation of the seismogenic nodes method and a tuning of the safety factor γEM at about 2.

scholarly journals On the Incentives to Increase Input Efficiency under Monopoly Trade Unions

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
Tapan Biswas ◽  
Jolian McHardy
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Utility Functions ◽  
Elasticity Of Substitution ◽  
Cournot Duopoly ◽  
Technological Improvement ◽  
Input Efficiency ◽  
Competitive Labor Market

We examine the effects of and the incentives for increasing input efficiency within a spatially segregated  Cournot duopoly with monopoly trade unions whose utility functions depend on both wages and employment. We show that with neoclassical as well as Leontief technology, unions raise wages to appropriate fully the gains from labor-saving technological (or organisational) improvements, leaving the firm with no incentive to invest in increasing the efficiency of workers. However, capital-saving     technological improvement may be profitable depending on the elasticity of substitution. Finally, we examine the implication of a fixed minimum wage (or competitive labor market) in one country.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document