scholarly journals Slow-release nitrogen fertilizers enhance growth, yield, NUE in wheat crop and reduce nitrogen losses under an arid environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqra Ghafoor ◽  
Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman ◽  
Muqarrab Ali ◽  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
Wazir Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Index ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Partial Factor Productivity ◽  
Partial Factor ◽  
Coated Fertilizers

AbstractHigher demands of food led to higher nitrogen application to promote cropping intensification and produce more which may have negative effects on the environment and lead to pollution. While sustainable wheat production is under threat due to low soil fertility and organic matter due to nutrient degradation at high temperatures in the region. The current research explores the effects of different types of coated urea fertilizers and their rates on wheat crop under arid climatic conditions of Pakistan. Enhancing nitrogen use efficiency by using eco-friendly coated urea products could benefit growers and reduce environmental negative effects. A trial treatment included N rates (130, 117, 104, and 94 kg ha-1) and coated urea sources (neem coated, sulfur coated, bioactive sulfur coated) applied with equal quantity following split application method at sowing, 20 and 60 days after sowing (DAS). The research was arranged in a split-plot design with randomized complete block design had three replicates. Data revealed that bioactive sulfur coated urea with the application of 130 kg N ha-1 increased chlorophyll contents 55.0 (unit value), net leaf photosynthetic rate (12.51 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1), and leaf area index (5.67) significantly. Furthermore, research elucidates that bioactive sulfur urea with the same N increased partial factor productivity (43.85 Kg grain Kg-1 N supplied), nitrogen harvest index (NHI) 64.70%, and partial nutrient balance (1.41 Kg grain N content Kg-1 N supplied). The neem-coated and sulfur-coated fertilizers also showed better results than monotypic urea. The wheat growth and phenology significantly improved by using coated fertilizers. The crop reached maturity earlier with the application of bioactive sulfur-coated urea than others. Maximum total dry matter 14402 (kg ha-1) recorded with 130 kg N ha-1application. Higher 1000-grain weight (33.66 g), more number of grains per spike (53.67), grain yield (4457 kg ha-1), and harvest index (34.29%) were obtained with optimum N application 130 kg ha-1 (recommended). There is a significant correlation observed for growth, yield, and physiological parameters with N in the soil while nitrogen-related indices are also positively correlated. The major problem of groundwater contamination with nitrate leaching is also reduced by using coated fertilizers. Minimum nitrate concentration (7.37 and 8.77 kg ha-1) was observed with the application of bioactive sulfur-coated and sulfur-coated urea with lower N (94 kg ha-1), respectively. The bioactive sulfur-coated urea with the application of 130 kg N ha-1 showed maximum phosphorus 5.45 mg kg-1 and potassium 100.67 mg kg-1 in the soil. Maximum nitrogen uptake (88.20 kg ha-1) is showed by bioactive sulfur coated urea with 130 kg N ha-1 application. The total available NPK concentrations in soil showed a significant correlation with physiological attributes; grain yield; harvest index; and nitrogen use efficiency components, i.e., partial factor productivity, partial nutrient balance, and nitrogen harvest index. This research reveals that coating urea with secondary nutrients, neem oil, and microbes are highly effective techniques for enhancing fertilizer use efficiency and wheat production in calcareous soils and reduced N losses under arid environments.

scholarly journals N-(n-Butyl) Thiophosphoric Triamide (NBPT)-Coated Urea (NCU) Improved Maize Growth and Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) in Highly Weathered Tropical Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8780
Author(s):  
Muhammad Muhaymin Mohd Zuki ◽  
Noraini Md. Jaafar ◽  
Siti Zaharah Sakimin ◽  
Mohd Khanif Yusop
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Plant Uptake ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tropical Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Use Efficiency

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer is commonly used to supply sufficient N for plant uptake, for which urea is one of the highly preferred synthetic N fertilizers due to its high N content. Unfortunately, N provided by urea is rapidly lost upon urea application to soils through ammonia volatilization, leaching, and denitrification. Thus, treatment of urea with urease inhibitor (N-(n-Butyl) Thiophosphoric Triamide (NBPT)) is among the solutions to slow down urea hydrolysis, therefore reducing loss of NH3 and saving N available for plant uptake and growth. A field study was carried out to evaluate the effects of NBPT-coated urea (NCU) at varying rates on growth, yield, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of maize in tropical soil. The experiment was conducted at Field 15, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, and maize (Zea mays var. Thai Super Sweet) was used as the test crop. The results showed that all maize grown in soils applied with urea coated with NBPT (NCU) (T2, T3, T4, and T5) had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher chlorophyll content compared to the control (T0 and T1). The surface leaf area of maize grown in NCU-treated soils at 120 kg N h−1 (T3) was recorded as the highest. NCU at and 96 kg N ha−1 (T3 and T4) were relatively effective in increasing maize plant dry weight, yield, and N uptake. Improvement of NUE by 45% over urea was recorded in the treatment of NCU at 96 kg N ha−1. NBPT-coated urea (NCU) at 96 kg N ha−1 had potential to increase the growth, yield, nitrogen uptake, and NUE of maize by increasing the availability of N for plant growth and development.

scholarly journals Evaluation of N Efficiency Using Prilled Urea and Urea Super Granules in T. Aman Rice

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Hussain ◽  
M Salim ◽  
MA Siddique ◽  
M Khatun ◽  
S Islam
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Prilled Urea ◽  
N Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Marginal Rate Of Return ◽  
Partial Factor Productivity ◽  
Partial Factor

An experiment was conducted at the Experimental field of Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, during June to December 2007 to evaluate the nitrogen use efficiency of transplant aman rice using prilled urea (PU) and urea super granule (USG). Three rice varieties (BR11, BRRI dhan30 and BRRI dhan39) were compared at three doses of nitrogen, i.e., PU@125 kg N ha-1, USG @170 kg N ha-1 and USG @ 70 kg N ha-1 in a Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design with three replications. USG each weighing 1 g and 2.6 g were placed manually at the depth of 8-10 cm in the middle of four hills in alternate rows at 12 days after transplanting and PU applied in split applications. The rice var. BR11 at USG @70 kg N ha-1 has produced the maximum grain yield (4.75 t ha-1) which was statistically identical to BRRI dhan30 at USG @ 70 kg N ha-1 (1 g pellet-1). The highest nitrogen use efficiency, partial factor productivity and marginal rate of return (1966%) were recorded from the treatment of BR11 at USG @ 70 kg N ha-1.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2015, 18(1): 59-63

scholarly journals Tillage, Crop Residue and Nitrogen Management Effects on Nitrogen Uptake, Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield of Rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 610
Author(s):  
Arjun Bastola ◽  
Tika Karki ◽  
Santosh Marahatta ◽  
Lal Prasad Amgai
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Partial Factor Productivity ◽  
Partial Factor

Field experiment was conducted in three factorial strip split plot design to evaluate the effect of two establishment methods (EM) i.e. transplanted in puddled soil (Pu-TPR) and direct seeded in zero tillage (ZT-DSR), two residue levels i.e. residue kept at 3 t ha -1 (RK) and no residue (RR) with two nitrogen doses i.e. recommended dose (100 kg N ha -1) (RD) and farmers' dose (50 kg N ha-1) (FD) with six replications with individual plot size of 5.4 m × 6.3 m on rice variety Ram-Dhan during the year 2016. Nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use efficiencies and yield of rice were recorded. Straw nitrogen uptake was significantly higher in ZT-DSR than Pu-TPR. Similarly, grain straw and total nitrogen uptake were significantly higher in residue applied and recommended dose of nitrogen than no-residue applied and farmers-nitrogen dose treatments respectively. Nitrogen efficiency ratio and physiological efficiency index were significantly higher in Pu-TPR and no-residue applied treatments while partial factor productivity was higher in residue applied treatment. All nitrogen use efficiencies like partial factor productivity, nitrogen efficiency ratio and physiological efficiency index were significantly influenced by nitrogen dose and seen higher in recommended dose of nitrogen. Establishment methods had no significant effect on grain yield but straw yield was significantly higher in ZT-DSR but harvest index was seen higher in Pu-TPR. Grain yield and straw yield were significantly higher in residue applied treatment and recommended nitrogen but harvest index was higher in farmers-nitrogen dose.

scholarly journals Contribution of rice straw to potassium supply in rice-fallow-rice cropping pattern

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
PK Saha ◽  
MAM Miah ◽  
ATMS Hossain ◽  
F Rahman ◽  
MA Saleque
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Cropping Pattern ◽  
Potassium Supply ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Straw Incorporation ◽  
Partial Factor Productivity ◽  
Partial Factor

A field experiment was conducted through 2001-2004 at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), Gazipur Farm with a view to determining the contribution of rice straw to K supply and K-use efficiency for the next crop in Rice-Fallow-Rice cropping pattern. Two levels of chemical potassium-0 (K0) and 66 kg K/ha (K66) from muriate of potash (MoP)- were tested with or without straw incorporation. Results showed that the use of K either from inorganic fertilizer or from rice straw increased the plant height, panicles/m2, grain and straw yields of rice in both Boro and T. Aman seasons. However, the effect of K was more distinct in Boro season. On an average, 1.33 t/ha yield benefit of Boro rice was obtained with rice straw incorporation in K0 plot. Application of K significantly increased the total K and P uptake of rice crops. Agronomic efficiency, partial factor productivity and physiological efficiency of K decreased with the increasing K level regardless of K sources in Boro season. Potassium replenishment through chemical fertilizer was not sufficient to balance K. However, incorporation of rice straw showed a positive K balance. Positive perceptible changes in soil characteristics and soil nutrient status (N, P and K) were observed due to K fertilization either from inorganic (MoP) or from organic sources. Key Words: Contribution of rice straw application; K-supply; rice-fallow-rice cropping pattern. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i4.5839Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(4) : 633-643, December 2009

Effect of form, method and time of urea nitrogen application on growth, yield and nitrogen uptake of direct sown and transplanted rice under intermediate deep water (15–50 cm) conditions

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Panda ◽  
B. C. Ghosh ◽  
M. D. Reddy ◽  
B. B. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Coated Urea ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Intermediate Deepwater ◽  
Intermediate Deep Water ◽  
N Use

SummaryUnder intermediate deepwater (15–50 cm) conditions, sulphur-coated urea (SOU) drilled behind the plough at sowing was superior to other coated (neem, lac, coaltar) urea materials and broadcast incorporation of prilled urea in increasing the yield of direct-sown rice. In transplanted rice, the grain yield was highest with urea super granules (USG) placed 30 days after transplanting (DAT) followed by SOU broadcast incorporation at planting. N-use efficiency increased considerably with SCU drilled behind the plough or USG placed 20 days after sowing in shallow standing water in direct-sown rice and SCU broadcast incorporation or USG placed 30 DAT in transplanted rice.

scholarly journals Performance of mustard (Brassica juncea L.) varieties under Azadirachta indica L. shade and open condition in hot-arid region of Rajasthan

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
MANOHAR LAL ◽  
SHEILENDRA KUMAR ◽  
S.M. KUMAWAT ◽  
R.S. YADAV ◽  
S.K. KHARIA
Keyword(s):  
Arid Region ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Open Environment ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency

The mustard production and productivity of the hot arid region of Rajasthan is dominated by both genetic makeup and environmental conditions. An experiment was conducted with four mustard varieties  (RGN-73, RGN-229, RH-30 and Pusa bold) in two growing environments (open environment and neem shade). Pusa bold gave significantly higher plant height than other varieties. Among varieties, RGN-73 had significantly higher number of branches per plant, dry matter accumulation per plant, siliquae per plant, seed yield, stover yield, biological yield, harvest index and heat use efficiency than other varieties. However, significantly higher test weight was in Pusa bold variety. Under open environment condition, significantly higher growth, yield attributes, yield, harvest index and heat use efficiency were found as compared to neem shade environment. The results revealed that variety RGN-229 took more days for completion of life cycle as compared to other varieties, hence RGN-229 variety required significantly more degree days than other varieties. The pheno-thermal index was significantly higher in open condition.

scholarly journals Fertilizer Management For Wheat Crop In The Himalayan Piedmont Soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-246
Author(s):  
ATM Sakhawat Hossain ◽  
F Rahman ◽  
GM Panaullah ◽  
MA Saleque
Keyword(s):  
Management Practice ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Fertilizer Management ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
S Uptake ◽  
Partial Factor Productivity ◽  
Partial Factor

An experiment was conducted at the farmers’ fields in the Himalayan Piedmont soil to evaluate the soil test based (STB) fertilizer dose on wheat crop practicing in the rice – wheat cropping sequence during the Rabi season 2002-2003. Three fertilizer treatments: (i) no fertilizer (control), (ii) local farmers’ fertilizer management practice (FP) and (iii) soil test based fertilizer dose (STB) were tested in 10 farmers’ fields. The soils of the test fields were acidic and light textured. Results showed that the control plot produced a mean yield of 1.54 t/ha, which increased to 3.96 t/ha with FP and 4.98 t/ha with STB fertilizer dose. The STB fertilizer dose also increased the nitrogen, P, K and S uptake by wheat. Wheat yield showed a strong linear relationship with N, P, K, and S uptake. Partial factor productivity (PFP) of fertilizer (sum of N, P, K and S) was 25.2 kg/kg in FP and that in STB was 24.6 kg/kg. Slightly lower PFP in STB than that of FP may be attributed to the higher dose of N and K in the former. However, the significant yield increase in STB compared with FP encouraged farmers to practice STB fertilizer application for wheat cultivation. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 38(2): 241-246, June 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v38i2.15887

scholarly journals Enhancement in Productivity, Nutrients Use Efficiency, and Economics of Rice-Wheat Cropping Systems in India through Farmer’s Participatory Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Panwar ◽  
M. Shamim ◽  
Subhash Babu ◽  
N. Ravishankar ◽  
Ashisa Prusty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Indian States ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Partial Factor Productivity ◽  
Partial Factor

Rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS), a lifeline for the majority of the population in South Asia is under stress, due to the imbalanced and indiscriminate use of fertilizers. Therefore, we conducted an on-farm study at eight locations (Amritsar, Katni, Nainital, Samba, Pakur, Kanpur, Ambedkarnagar, and Dindori) covering five agro climatic zones of six Indian states (Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Jharkhand) to (i) calculate the partial factor productivity (PFP) and agronomic use efficiency (AUE) to judge the response of NPK and Zn on grain yield of rice and wheat in RWCS and (ii) to work out the economic feasibility of different combinations of NPK in rice and wheat. Seven fertilizer treatments: Control (0-0-0), N alone (N-0-0), NP (N-P-0), NK (N-0-K), NPK (N-P-K), NPK+Zn (N-P-K-Zn), and FFMP (Farmers Fertilizer Management Practice) were assigned to all the locations. The levels of applied nutrients were used as per the standard recommendation of the location. The average of all the locations showed that the use of NP enhances the grain yield of rice and wheat by 105% and 97% over control, respectively. System productivity of RWCS was expressed in terms of rice grain equivalent yield (RGEY), Mg ha−1. Among the locations, Samba recorded the lowest productivity of RWCS with fertilizer treatments. In contrast, the highest productivity of RWCS with fertilizer treatments was recorded at Amritsar, except with NPK and NPK+Zn fertilization, where Katni superseded the Amritsar. An approximately 3-fold productivity gain in RWCS was recorded with the conjoint use of NP over control across the locations. Overall, the results of our study showed that the balance application of NPK increased the productivity of RWCS 245% over control. Partial factor productivity of Nitrogen (PFPn) N alone in rice varied across locations and ranged from 19 kg grain kg−1 N at Pakur to 41 kg grain kg−1 N at Amritsar. PFPn of N alone in wheat also ranged from 15.5 kg grain kg−1 of N at Ambedkarnagar to 28 kg grain kg−1 N at Amritsar. However, across locations the mean value of PFPn of N alone was 29 kg grain kg−1 N in rice and 21 kg grain kg−1 N in wheat. PFPn increased when combined application of N and P sorted in both rice and wheat across the locations. Similarly, combined application of NPK increased partial factor productivity of applied phosphorus (PFPp) in both the crops at all the locations. The combined application of NPK increased the PFPk for applied K at all the location. The response of K application with N and P when averaged over the location was 114% in rice and 93% in wheat over the combined use of N and K. In our study, irrespective of fertilizer treatments, the agronomic use efficiency of applied N (AUEn) and agronomic use efficiency of applied P (AUEp) were greater in rice than in wheat across the location. With regards to the economics, the mean net monetary returns among the fertilizers treatments was minimum (INR 29.5 × 103 ha−1) for the application of N alone and maximum (INR 8.65 × 103 ha−1) for application of NPK+Zn. The mean marginal returns across the locations was in order of N alone > NK > FFM > NPK > NP > NPK+Zn.

scholarly journals Integration of Peach (Prunus persica L) Biochar, Compost and Peach Residues along with Beneficial Microbes and Phosphorus Improve Agronomic Efficiency, Phosphorus use Efficiency, Partial Factor Productivity and Soil P in Soybean vs Maize Crops

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Imran ◽  
Amanullah Amanullah
Keyword(s):  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Beneficial Microbes ◽  
Soil P ◽  
P Use Efficiency ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Partial Factor Productivity ◽  
Partial Factor

Phosphorus (P) is an important element in a complete and balanced fertility program that can improve crop P use efficiency and ultimately productivity and profitability. Phosphatic fertilizers use without organic fertilizers leads to gradual decline in soil organic matter, native nutrient status and ultimately reduction in agricultural productivity and economic growth. The objectives of this was to evaluate P efficiencies with incorporation of peach sources, beneficial microbes and P application. From sustainability points of view, alternative use of different sources and forms of organic sources alone or in combination with inorganic P and beneficial microbes possess potential for improving productive capacity of the soil. Separate field experiments (one each on maize and soybean as a test crop) were conducted at Agriculture Research Institute Mingora Swat (ARI) for two consecutive years in summer season of 2016 (year one) and 2017 (year two). For the first time such a study were conducted to utilize peach leftovers and biomass (leaves, twigs, fruits, stones and barks partially decomposed, its compost and biochar) along with three phosphorus (P) levels (50, 75, 100 kg P ha-1) and two beneficial microbes (PSB and Trichoderma) on such a way to enhance soil sustainability and P use efficiency of soybean and maize. The results revealed that organic sources had significant effect on soybean and maize P use efficiency (PUE), P agronomic efficiency (PAE), partial factor productivity (PFPp) and soil P concentration. In experiment 1 among the organic sources, peach residues increased soil P (12.0 mg kg-1) as compared to peach compost and biochar (8.6 & 11.7 mg kg-1). Soil P concentration was maximum (12.1 mg kg-1) with PSB than Trichoderma (9.5 mg kg-1). Application of P at 100 kg ha-1increased soil P contents (16.9 mg kg-1) as compared to 50 and 75 kg P ha 1 (5.9 & 9.6 mg kg-1) respectively. P concentration was increased drastically in year 2 (12.4 mg kg-1) than year one (9.1 mg kg-1). PUE in both crops (soybean and maize) was maximum (25.6 & 28.4%) with peach biochar than compost and residues along with Trichoderma (21.7 & 27.8%). Highest PUE in soybean was recorded with 75 kg P ha-1(22.2%) however in maize maximum PUE was noted with 50 kg P ha-1(33.5%). PAE and PFPp in both crops was maximum with biochar and soil application of Trichoderma than other organic sources and PSB. Among the P levels highest PAE in soybean and maize was recorded with 75 kg ha-1whereas PFPp in soybean was maximum with 75 kg P ha-1 and interestingly in maize it was noted with 50 kg ha-1. Conclusively soybean and maize PAE, PFPp and PUE was higher with biochar, soil incorporation of Trichoderma and P at the rate of 75 kg ha-1 and can improve soybean and maize yield and soil productivity on sustainable basis.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Wheat and Transplant Aman Rice under Bed Planting Method in Rice-Wheat Cropping System

1970 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
MIU Mollah ◽  
MSU Bhuiya ◽  
A Khatun
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Planting Method ◽  
Partial Factor Productivity ◽  
Partial Factor

An experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) experimental farm, Gazipur and at farmer's field in Chuadanga during Rabi season 2001-02 (November - March) to Kharif-II season 2002 (June - November) to determine the effect of different doses of N fertilizer on growth and yield of wheat and transplant Aman rice and to compare the N use efficiency in bed planting and conventional method in rice-wheat cropping system. Bed planting with 0, 60, 80, 100 and 120 kg N ha-1 and conventional (flat) method with 0 and 100 kg N ha-1 were tested. The yields increase of wheat in bed planting with 80, 100 and 120 kg N ha-1 over 100 kg N ha-1 in conventional method were 10-21, 20-29 and 23-38%, respectively. For transplant Aman rice, bed planting with 80, 100 and 120 kg N ha-1 and conventional method with 100 kg N ha-1 produced statistically identical grain yield. Bed planting increased the grain number panicle-1 and reduced sterility of both wheat and transplant Aman rice. Nitrogen use efficiency such as partial factor productivity and agronomic efficiency were higher in bed planting than conventional method and it saved about 20% N without losing yield of wheat and transplant Aman rice. Key words: Nitrogen use efficiency, rice, wheat and bed planting. DOI: 10.3329/jard.v7i1.4420 J Agric Rural Dev 7(1&2), 41-49, June 2009

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