Are Endogenous C-Type Viruses Physiologically Required for the Regulation of the Humoral Immune Response?

1979 ◽  
pp. 233-237
Author(s):  
G. Schumann ◽  
R. H. Gisler ◽  
A. F. Brownbill ◽  
Ch. Moroni
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune

High-dose cyclophosphamide inhibition of humoral immune response to murine monoclonal antibody 3F8 in neuroblastoma patients: Broad implications for immunotherapy

2007 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian H. Kushner ◽  
Irene Y. Cheung ◽  
Kim Kramer ◽  
Shakeel Modak ◽  
Nai-Kong V. Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Murine Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Humoral Immune

Role of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis outer proteins (Yops) in murine humoral immune response

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. L. Maia ◽  
L. G. S. Monnazzi ◽  
B. M. M. Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Yersinia Pseudotuberculosis ◽  
Humoral Immune

scholarly journals Diagnostic and analytical performance evaluation of ten commercial assays for detecting SARS-CoV-2 humoral immune response

2021 ◽  
pp. 113043
Author(s):  
Marnix Mylemans ◽  
Eveline Van Honacker ◽  
Louis Nevejan ◽  
Stefanie van den Bremt ◽  
Laura Hofman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Analytical Performance ◽  
Humoral Immune

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antibodies in tear fluid

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000733
Author(s):  
Astrid Muyldermans ◽  
Maria Bjerke ◽  
Thomas Demuyser ◽  
Deborah De Geyter ◽  
Ingrid Wybo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Tear Fluid ◽  
Local Response ◽  
Schirmer Test ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Ocular Symptoms

Background/aimsSARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious. More evidence concerning extrapulmonary transmission routes such as the eyes is urgently needed. Although the humoral immune response is important in the viral containment, the local response in tears has not yet been studied. The aim of our study was twofold: to assess the prevalence of both SARS-CoV-2 RNA and antibodies in tear fluid.MethodsIn a first series, nasopharyngeal sampling and tear sampling by Schirmer test strips were performed in 26 acutely ill patients with COVID-19 to assess the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by reverse transcription PCR. In a second series, IgG and IgA responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in serum and tear fluid of convalescent individuals (n=22) were compared with control individuals (n=15) by ELISA.ResultsSARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in tears of 7/26 (26.9%) patients with COVID-19. None of them had ocular symptoms. Convalescent individuals displayed a significant higher ratio of IgG (p<0.0001) and IgA (p=0.0068) in tears compared with control individuals. A sensitivity of 77.3% and specificity of 93.3% was observed for IgG, and 59.1% and 100% for IgA.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and a local IgG and IgA immune response in tear fluid. These data confirm the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through tear fluid and the importance of the eye as a first defence against SARS-CoV-2, indicating the potential of tears as a non-invasive surrogate for serum in monitoring the host immune response.

scholarly journals Maternally Derived Antibody Levels Influence on Vaccine Protection against PCV2d Challenge

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2231
Author(s):  
István Kiss ◽  
Krisztina Szigeti ◽  
Zalán G. Homonnay ◽  
Vivien Tamás ◽  
Han Smits ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Subunit Vaccine ◽  
Porcine Circovirus Type ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Vaccine Protection ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Antibody Levels

Piglets from a porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) stable farm of low and high levels of maternally derived antibodies (MDA) against PCV2 were vaccinated either with a whole virus type or a PCV2 ORF2 antigen-based commercial subunit vaccine at three weeks of age. Two non-vaccinated groups served as low and high MDA positive controls. At four weeks post vaccination, all piglets were challenged with a PCV2d-2 type virus strain and were checked for parameters related to vaccine protection over a four-week observation period. MDA levels evidently impacted the outcome of the PCV2d-2 challenge in non-vaccinated animals, while it did not have a significant effect on vaccine-induced protection levels. The humoral immune response developed faster in the whole virus vaccinates than in the subunit vaccinated pigs in the low MDA groups. Further, high MDA levels elicited a stronger negative effect on the vaccine-induced humoral immune response for the subunit vaccine than for the whole virus vaccine. The group-based oral fluid samples and the group mean viraemia and faecal shedding data correlated well, enabling this simple, and animal welfare-friendly sampling method for the evaluation of the PCV2 viral load status of these nursery piglets.

scholarly journals Profile and Persistence of the Virus-Specific Neutralizing Humoral Immune Response in Human Survivors of Sudan Ebolavirus (Gulu)

2013 ◽  
Vol 208 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Sobarzo ◽  
Allison Groseth ◽  
Olga Dolnik ◽  
Stephan Becker ◽  
Julius Julian Lutwama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Humoral Immune

scholarly journals Immunological imprinting of the antibody response in COVID-19 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Aydillo ◽  
Alexander Rombauts ◽  
Daniel Stadlbauer ◽  
Sadaf Aslam ◽  
Gabriela Abelenda-Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Nucleocapsid Protein ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Human Coronaviruses

AbstractIn addition to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), humans are also susceptible to six other coronaviruses, for which consecutive exposures to antigenically related and divergent seasonal coronaviruses are frequent. Despite the prevalence of COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing research, the nature of the antibody response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is unclear. Here we longitudinally profile the early humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and quantify levels of pre-existing immunity to OC43, HKU1 and 229E seasonal coronaviruses, and find a strong back-boosting effect to conserved but not variable regions of OC43 and HKU1 betacoronaviruses spike protein. However, such antibody memory boost to human coronaviruses negatively correlates with the induction of IgG and IgM against SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid protein. Our findings thus provide evidence of immunological imprinting by previous seasonal coronavirus infections that can potentially modulate the antibody profile to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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