Roles of Surface Antigens on Malaria-Infected Red Blood Cells in Evasion of Immunity

1984 ◽  
pp. 127-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell J. Howard ◽  
John W. Barnwell
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Surface Antigens

scholarly journals A quantitative methodology to detect surface antigens on red blood cells using optical cell-detachment technique

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIH-LANG LIN ◽  
SHYANG-GUANG WANG ◽  
MENG-TSUNG TIEN ◽  
CHUNG-HAN CHIANG ◽  
YI-CHIEH LEE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Cell Detachment ◽  
Quantitative Methodology ◽  
Optical Cell ◽  
Surface Antigen Expression ◽  
Alternative Methodology ◽  
Coated Surface

Abstract The quantitative analysis of surface antigens on cells, especially red blood cells (RBCs), has attracted increasing attention due to the recognition of antigenic changes that can facilitate early diagnoses. This paper presents an alternative methodology developed using the optical cell-detachment technique to evaluate antibody-antigen interactions and quantitatively analyze the RBC surface antigen expression. RBC subtyping was used to verify the proposed detection principle based on a comparison of the bonding strengths between individual RBCs and antibody coatings. The bonding strengths were measured with serial antibody dilutions with gradually decreasing laser powers, for which a single cell was optically detached from the corresponding antibody-coated surface. With the quantitatively analysis, the proposed alternative methodology was verified as a highly sensitive technique for detecting antigen expression on the RBC surface.

scholarly journals Cross-reactive lysis of trinitrophenyl (TNP)-derivatized H-2 incompatible target cells by cytolytic T lymphocytes generated against syngeneic TNP spleen cells.

1976 ◽  
Vol 144 (6) ◽  
pp. 1609-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
S J Burakoff ◽  
R N Germain ◽  
B Benacerraf
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Target Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Cytolytic T Lymphocytes ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Normal Spleen

Normal spleen cells, when cultured with irradiated trinitrophenyl (TNP)-derivatized syngeneic spleen cells, develop cytotoxic effectors that lyse most effectiviely a TNP-derivatized target that is H-2 compatible with the effector. However, these effectors also lyse to a lesser extent TNP tumor and TNP spleen targets that are H-2 incompatible. This cross-reactive lysis correlates with the degree of cytolysis seen on the TNP-derivatized syngeneic target; it appears to be medicated by Thy 1.2-bearing cells and is inhibited by antisera to the K and/or D loci of the target cell and not by antisera to non-K or non-D surface antigens. Nonradiolabeled TNP-derivatized lymphoid cells syngeneic to either the stimulator or the target are able to competitively inhibit cross-reactive lysis, while TNP chicken red blood cells are unable to specifically inhibit lysis. These data on cross-reactive lysis of TNP-conjugated targets are most consistent with the altered-self hypothesis.

scholarly journals Murine Red Blood Cells Lack Ligands for B Cell Siglecs, Allowing Strong Activation by Erythrocyte Surface Antigens

2017 ◽  
Vol 200 (3) ◽  
pp. 949-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Spiller ◽  
Corwin M. Nycholat ◽  
Chika Kikuchi ◽  
James C. Paulson ◽  
Matthew S. Macauley
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Erythrocyte Surface

scholarly journals The Vsa Proteins Modulate Susceptibility of Mycoplasma pulmonis to Complement Killing, Hemadsorption, and Adherence to Polystyrene

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 5733-5738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren L. Simmons ◽  
Kevin Dybvig
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Mycoplasma Pulmonis ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
Variable Surface ◽  
Nonspecific Interactions

ABSTRACT The variable surface antigens (Vsa) of the murine respiratory pathogen Mycoplasma pulmonis are associated with the virulence of the microorganism in the lung. In strain UAB CT, the antigens consist of an N-terminal region that is combined with one of seven different C-terminal variable regions comprised of tandem repeats. M. pulmonis producing a VsaA protein with about 40 tandem repeats (R40) does not adhere to red blood cells or polystyrene. Strains that produce VsaH contain a short C-terminal region that lacks tandem repeats and adhere to red blood cells and plastic. We isolated and analyzed M. pulmonis strain CT variants (CT182 and derivatives) that produced a VsaA protein with only three tandem repeats (R3). These variants adhered to plastic and red blood cells similarly to the VsaH-producing strain. When the R3-producing CT182 strain or the VsaH-producing strains were incubated with normal guinea pig serum, they were efficiently killed. Killing was abolished when the serum was heat inactivated. In contrast, the M. pulmonis strains that produced VsaA R40 were highly resistant to complement killing. CT182R3 variants that survived the complement killing reactions all produced the R40 form of VsaA and were resistant to complement killing. VsaA R40 is the first mycoplasmal protein shown to be associated with resistance to complement. As both VsaH and VsaA can mediate adherence to plastic, cytadherence, and susceptibility to complement, we propose that Vsa modulates these phenotypes by nonspecific interactions.

Flow cytometry detection of surface antigens on fresh, unfixed red blood cells infected by Plasmodium falciparum

1995 ◽  
Vol 179 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jouin ◽  
Y.O. Goguet de la Salmonière ◽  
C. Behr ◽  
M. Huyin Qan Dat ◽  
J.C. Michel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Flow Cytometry Detection

Hemoglobin crystals of the red blood cells in the human renal cortex: electron microscopic observations of the renal lithiasis

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
Kosuke Ueda ◽  
Hiroto Washida ◽  
Nakazo Watari
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Osmic Acid ◽  
Renal Lithiasis ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Hemoglobin C ◽  
First Case ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

IntroductionHemoglobin crystals in the red blood cells were electronmicroscopically reported by Fawcett in the cat myocardium. In the human, Lessin revealed crystal-containing cells in the periphral blood of hemoglobin C disease patients. We found the hemoglobin crystals and its agglutination in the erythrocytes in the renal cortex of the human renal lithiasis, and these patients had no hematological abnormalities or other diseases out of the renal lithiasis. Hemoglobin crystals in the human erythrocytes were confirmed to be the first case in the kidney.Material and MethodsTen cases of the human renal biopsies were performed on the operations of the seven pyelolithotomies and three ureterolithotomies. The each specimens were primarily fixed in cacodylate buffered 3. 0% glutaraldehyde and post fixed in osmic acid, dehydrated in graded concentrations of ethanol, and then embedded in Epon 812. Ultrathin sections, cut on LKB microtome, were doubly stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

Densitometric Identification of Primitive Erythroblasts After Reaction With Diaminobenzidine

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 328-329
Author(s):  
John A. Trotter
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Visual Examination ◽  
Hemoglobin Synthesis ◽  
Peroxidatic Activity ◽  
Small Density

Hemoglobin is the specific protein of red blood cells. Those cells in which hemoglobin synthesis is initiated are the earliest cells that can presently be considered to be committed to erythropoiesis. In order to identify such early cells electron microscopically, we have made use of the peroxidatic activity of hemoglobin by reacting the marrow of erythropoietically stimulated guinea pigs with diaminobenzidine (DAB). The reaction product appeared as a diffuse and amorphous electron opacity throughout the cytoplasm of reactive cells. The detection of small density increases of such a diffuse nature required an analytical method more sensitive and reliable than the visual examination of micrographs. A procedure was therefore devised for the evaluation of micrographs (negatives) with a densitometer (Weston Photographic Analyzer).

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