The method of deep seismic sounding (DSS), the observation systems in which are characterized by an irregular arrangement of both sources and receivers along the profile, a significant step between receivers, as well as maximum source-receiver distances exceeding several hundred kilometers, makes it possible to obtain an image of the crystalline basement using seismic migration fields of reflected/refracted waves. The main part of the existing migration methods, the use of which makes it possible to form an image of the deep structure of the study area in the dynamic characteristics of the recorded wave field, is focused on processing seismic data obtained by the method of reflected waves with multiple overlap observation systems (MOV—CDP). And, as a rule, these migration methods are designed for a smooth change in speed with depth. At the same time, at the boundary of the crystalline basement, the speed changes very sharply, which must be taken into account when processing data using migration.
The proposed method for constructing an image of the crystalline basement is based on the use of finite-difference migration of the field of reflected/refracted waves, which was developed at the Institute of Geophysics named after S. I. Subbotin National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. This migration method is designed to isolate supercritically reflected and refracted waves recorded from the basement in the far zone of the source and takes into account the full trajectory of waves passing through a two-layer medium, at the boundary of which there is a significant jump in velocity. Thus, the migration of the field of reflected/refracted waves makes it possible to obtain a correct image of the structure of the refractive layer of the crystalline basement.
The article describes in detail the algorithm of the technique for constructing an image of the crystalline basement using finite-difference migration of the field of reflected/refracted waves and its difference from similar methods of migration. The advantages and disadvantages of the proposed method are shown when solving problems of regional seismic research. Explained and illustrated the features of constructing the image of violations on the border of the foundation. The effectiveness of the technique is demonstrated on a model example and real seismic data observed by the DSS method on the territory of Ukraine.
Technique for the imaging crystalline basement according to the DSS data