On the Temperature Resolution of Thermistors

1974 ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Peter W. Carr ◽  
Larry D. Bowers
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Resolution

scholarly journals Assessment of a vertical high-resolution distributed-temperature-sensing system in a shallow thermohaline environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1081-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Suárez ◽  
J. E. Aravena ◽  
M. B. Hausner ◽  
A. E. Childress ◽  
S. W. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Temperature Sensing ◽  
Distributed Temperature Sensing ◽  
Temperature Resolution ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Solar Pond ◽  
Salt Gradient ◽  
Time Averages ◽  
Corrosive Environments ◽  
And Storage

Abstract. In shallow thermohaline-driven lakes it is important to measure temperature on fine spatial and temporal scales to detect stratification or different hydrodynamic regimes. Raman spectra distributed temperature sensing (DTS) is an approach available to provide high spatial and temporal temperature resolution. A vertical high-resolution DTS system was constructed to overcome the problems of typical methods used in the past, i.e., without disturbing the water column, and with resistance to corrosive environments. This paper describes a method to quantitatively assess accuracy, precision and other limitations of DTS systems to fully utilize the capacity of this technology, with a focus on vertical high-resolution to measure temperatures in shallow thermohaline environments. It also presents a new method to manually calibrate temperatures along the optical fiber achieving significant improved resolution. The vertical high-resolution DTS system is used to monitor the thermal behavior of a salt-gradient solar pond, which is an engineered shallow thermohaline system that allows collection and storage of solar energy for a long period of time. The vertical high-resolution DTS system monitors the temperature profile each 1.1 cm vertically and in time averages as small as 10 s. Temperature resolution as low as 0.035 °C is obtained when the data are collected at 5-min intervals.

scholarly journals Optimizing Aminoglycoside Therapy for Nosocomial Pneumonia Caused by Gram-Negative Bacteria

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 623-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela D. M. Kashuba ◽  
Anne N. Nafziger ◽  
George L. Drusano ◽  
Joseph S. Bertino
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Pneumonia ◽  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Temperature Resolution ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Aminoglycoside Therapy ◽  
Days Of Therapy ◽  
Institutional Expenditures

ABSTRACT Nosocomial pneumonia is a notable cause of morbidity and mortality and leads to increases in lengths of hospital stays and institutional expenditures. Aminoglycosides are used to treat patients with these infections, but few data on the doses and schedules required to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes exist. We analyzed aminoglycoside treatment data for 78 patients with nosocomial pneumonia to determine if optimization of aminoglycoside pharmacodynamic parameters results in a more rapid therapeutic response (defined by outcome and days to leukocyte count resolution and temperature resolution). Cox proportional hazards, Classification and Regression Tree (CART), and logistic regression analyses were applied to the data. By all analyses, the first measured maximum concentration of drug in serum (C max)/MIC predicted days to temperature resolution and the second measured C max/MIC predicted days to leukocyte count resolution. For days to temperature resolution and leukocyte count resolution, CART analyses produced breakpoints, with an 89% success rate at 7 days of therapy for aC max/MIC of >4.7 and an 86% success rate at 7 days of therapy for a C max/MIC of >4.5, respectively. Logistic regression analyses predicted a 90% probability of temperature resolution and leukocyte count resolution by day 7 if aC max/MIC of ≥10 is achieved within the first 48 h of aminoglycoside therapy. Aggressive aminoglycoside dosing immediately followed by individualized pharmacokinetic monitoring would ensure that C max/MIC targets are achieved early in therapy. This would increase the probability of a rapid therapeutic response for pneumonia caused by gram-negative bacteria and potentially decreasing durations of parenteral antibiotic therapy, lengths of hospitalization, and institutional expenditures, a situation in which both the patient and the institution benefit.

Thermal imaging with high spatial and temperature resolution

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis V. Seletskiy ◽  
Seth D. Melgaard ◽  
Mansoor Sheik-Bahae
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Temperature Resolution

Temperature resolution of the chemical dynamics of the O3† + NO reaction system

1975 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 702-703
Author(s):  
M. Kurylo ◽  
W. Braun ◽  
C. Xuan ◽  
A. Kaldor
Keyword(s):  
Reaction System ◽  
Chemical Dynamics ◽  
Temperature Resolution

IR camera temperature resolution enhancing using computer processing of IR image

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vyacheslav A. Trofimov ◽  
Vladislav V. Trofimov
Keyword(s):  
Computer Processing ◽  
Temperature Resolution ◽  
Ir Camera

Simultaneous characterization of optical and thermal parameters of liquid-crystal nanocolloids with high-temperature resolution

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Paoloni ◽  
F. Mercuri ◽  
M. Marinelli ◽  
U. Zammit ◽  
C. Neamtu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Thermal Parameters ◽  
Temperature Resolution

Microscale and Nanoscale Thermal Characterization Techniques

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Christofferson ◽  
K. Maize ◽  
Y. Ezzahri ◽  
J. Shabani ◽  
X. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Temperature Resolution ◽  
Characterization Techniques ◽  
Resolution Limits ◽  
Lock In

Miniaturization of electronic and optoelectronic devices and circuits and increased switching speeds have exasperated localized heating problems. Steady-state and transient characterization of temperature distribution in devices and interconnects is important for performance and reliability analysis. Novel devices based on nanowires, carbon nanotubes, and single molecules have feature sizes in 1–100 nm range, and precise temperature measurement and calibration are particularly challenging. In this paper we review various microscale and nanoscale thermal characterization techniques that could be applied to active and passive devices. Solid-state microrefrigerators on a chip can provide a uniform and localized temperature profile and they are used as a test vehicle in order to compare the resolution limits of various microscale techniques. After a brief introduction to conventional microthermocouples and thermistor sensors, various contact and contactless techniques will be reviewed. Infrared microscopy is based on thermal emission and it is a convenient technique that could be used with features tens of microns in size. Resolution limits due to low emissivity and transparency of various materials and issues related to background radiation will be discussed. Liquid crystals that change color due to phase transition have been widely used for hot spot identification in integrated circuit chips. The main problems are related to calibration and aging of the material. Micro-Raman is an optical method that can be used to measure absolute temperature. Micron spatial resolution with several degrees of temperature resolution has been achieved. Thermoreflectance technique is based on the change of the sample reflection coefficient as a function of temperature. This small change in 10−4–10−5 range per degree is typically detected using lock-in technique when the temperature of the device is cycled. Use of visible and near IR wavelength allows both top surface and through the substrate measurement. Both single point measurements using a scanning laser and imaging with charge coupled device or specialized lock-in cameras have been demonstrated. For ultrafast thermal decay measurement, pump-probe technique using nanosecond or femtosecond lasers has been demonstrated. This is typically used to measure thin film thermal diffusivity and thermal interface resistance. The spatial resolution of various optical techniques can be improved with the use of tapered fibers and near field scanning microscopy. While subdiffraction limit structures have been detected, strong attenuation of the signal reduces the temperature resolution significantly. Scanning thermal microscopy, which is based on nanoscale thermocouples at the tip of atomic force microscope, has had success in ultrahigh spatial resolution thermal mapping. Issues related to thermal resistance between the tip and the sample and parasitic heat transfer paths will be discussed.

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