Cardiorenal Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes in African Americans: Adding to the Risk of Hypertension

2014 ◽  
pp. 137-150
Author(s):  
Ankur Jindal ◽  
Adam Whaley-Connell ◽  
James R. Sowers
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
African Americans

Abstract P439: Risk Factor Profile and Prevalence of Subclinical Disease in African Americans with Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: The Jackson Heart Study

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamel A Gharaibeh ◽  
Vanessa Xanthakis ◽  
Jung Hye Sung ◽  
Tandaw S Samdarshi ◽  
Herman A Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Metabolic Derangement ◽  
Risk Factor Profile ◽  
Subclinical Disease ◽  
Heart Study

Background . Metabolic derangements such as diabetes (DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are common in African Americans (AA) and contribute to the higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in this group. A greater prevalence of subclinical disease (ScD) among those with DM and MetS in the AA community may be an explanatory factor. Objective . We assessed the CVD risk factor profile and distribution of ScD among AA with DM and MetS in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS). Methods . We evaluated 4,365 AA participants [mean age (SD) of 53.8 (12.3) years, 64.5% women] free of overt CVD who attended JHS Exam 1 (between 2000- 2004), when ScD assessment was routinely performed(with the exception of CT for coronary calcium that occurred in Exam2). SCD measures included 1) peripheral artery disease (PAD, defined as ankle-brachial index<0.9), 2) high coronary artery calcium (CAC, defined as score>100), 3) left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH defined as left ventricular mass index>51 g/m 2.7 , 4) low LV ejection fraction (low EF, defined as an EF<50%), and 5) microalbuminuria (MA, defined as an albumin-to-creatinine ratio>25 μg/mg in men and >35 μg/mg in women). We compared the distribution of standard CVD risk factors and ScD prevalence in 1) those without DM or MetS (referent), 2) those with MetS but no DM and 3) those with DM. Results . In our study sample, 1,089 (24.9%) had MetS with no DM and 752 (17.2%) had DM. Compared to the referent group, groups with metabolic derangement tended to be older, female, hypertensive, obese, and had lower HDL, higher fasting glucose, and higher triglycerides levels. Table 1 compares the distribution of ScD for the three groups, and demonstrates the greater odds of. CAC, LVH and microalbuminuria in participants with MetS or DM. Conclusion . In our large community-based sample of AAs, we observed a significantly high prevalence of ScD overall, especially so in participants with MetS and DM. These findings likely contribute to the high CVD rates in AA with MetS and DM. -->

scholarly journals Association of psychosocial stressors with metabolic syndrome severity among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle I. Cardel ◽  
Yuan-I Min ◽  
Mario Sims ◽  
Solomon K. Musani ◽  
Akilah Dulin-Keita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Psychosocial Stressors ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Heart Study

scholarly journals Racial Disparities in Health among College Educated African-Americans: Can HBCU Attendance Reduce the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Midlife?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia G Colen ◽  
Nicolo P Pinchak ◽  
Kierra S Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Predominantly White ◽  
Black College ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Historically Black College ◽  
White Institutions ◽  
Socioeconomic Achievement ◽  
Racial Disparities In Health

Abstract We expand on existing understandings of health disparities among middle-class African-Americans by examining how the postsecondary educational context gives rise to the unequal distribution of health. We use panel data (1994-2009) from the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to estimate if the risk of developing metabolic syndrome by midlife significantly differs for African-Americans who attended Historically Black College or Universities (HBCUs) vs. predominantly White institutions (PWIs). We find that HBCU enrollment is associated with a 35% reduction in the odds of metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, we demonstrate that HBCU attendees who grew up in more segregated environments experienced the greatest reductions in the likelihood of developing metabolic syndrome. Our results underscore the important role that HBCUs play in the lives of African-Americans and suggest their impacts go far beyond traditional benchmarks of socioeconomic achievement to include key health outcomes.

scholarly journals Feasibility of a behavioral automaticity intervention among African Americans at risk for metabolic syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Fritz ◽  
Wassim Tarraf ◽  
Aaron Brody ◽  
Philip Levy
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
At Risk ◽  
African Americans

scholarly journals Prevalence, associated factors and heritabilities of metabolic syndrome and its individual components in African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study

BMJ Open ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. e008675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumana J Khan ◽  
Samson Y Gebreab ◽  
Mario Sims ◽  
Pia Riestra ◽  
Ruihua Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Heart Study

scholarly journals Metabolic Syndrome Derived from Principal Component Analysis and Incident Cardiovascular Events: The Multi Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhashish Agarwal ◽  
David R. Jacobs ◽  
Dhananjay Vaidya ◽  
Christopher T. Sibley ◽  
Neal W. Jorgensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Cut Point ◽  
Health Aging

Background. The NCEP metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of dichotomized interrelated risk factors from predominantly Caucasian populations. We propose a continuous MetS score based on principal component analysis (PCA) of the same risk factors in a multiethnic cohort and compare prediction of incident CVD events with NCEP MetS definition. Additionally, we replicated these analyses in the Health, Aging, and Body composition (Health ABC) study cohort.Methods and Results. We performed PCA of the MetS elements (waist circumference, HDL, TG, fasting blood glucose, SBP, and DBP) in 2610 Caucasian Americans, 801 Chinese Americans, 1875 African Americans, and 1494 Hispanic Americans in the multiethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort. We selected the first principal component as a continuous MetS score (MetS-PC). Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between MetS-PC and 5.5 years of CVD events (n=377) adjusting for age, gender, race, smoking and LDL-C, overall and by ethnicity. To facilitate comparison of MetS-PC with the binary NCEP definition, a MetS-PC cut point was chosen to yield the same 37% prevalence of MetS as the NCEP definition (37%) in the MESA cohort. Hazard ratio (HR) for CVD events were estimated using the NCEP and Mets-PC-derived binary definitions. In Cox proportional models, the HR (95% CI) for CVD events for 1-SD (standard deviation) of MetS-PC was 1.71 (1.54–1.90) (P<0.0001) overall after adjusting for potential confounders, and for each ethnicity, HRs were: Caucasian, 1.64 (1.39–1.94), Chinese, 1.39 (1.06–1.83), African, 1.67 (1.37–2.02), and Hispanic, 2.10 (1.66-2.65). Finally, when binary definitions were compared, HR for CVD events was 2.34 (1.91–2.87) for MetS-PC versus 1.79 (1.46–2.20) for NCEP MetS. In the Health ABC cohort, in a fully adjusted model, MetS-PC per 1-SD (Health ABC) remained associated with CVD events (HR=1.21, 95%CI 1.12–1.32) overall, and for each ethnicity, Caucasian (HR=1.24, 95%CI 1.12–1.39) and African Americans (HR=1.16, 95%CI 1.01–1.32). Finally, when using a binary definition of MetS-PC (cut point 0.505) designed to match the NCEP definition in terms of prevalence in the Health ABC cohort (35%), the fully adjusted HR for CVD events was 1.39, 95%CI 1.17–1.64 compared with 1.46, 95%CI 1.23–1.72 using the NCEP definition.Conclusion. MetS-PC is a continuous measure of metabolic syndrome and was a better predictor of CVD events overall and in individual ethnicities. Additionally, a binary MetS-PC definition was better than the NCEP MetS definition in predicting incident CVD events in the MESA cohort, but this superiority was not evident in the Health ABC cohort.

scholarly journals Association among sickle cell trait, fitness, and cardiovascular risk factors in CARDIA

Blood ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert I. Liem ◽  
Cheeling Chan ◽  
Thanh-Huyen T. Vu ◽  
Myriam Fornage ◽  
Alexis A. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Sickle Cell Trait ◽  
Key Points

Key Points SCT status is not significantly associated with longitudinal changes in fitness among African Americans. SCT status is not an independent risk factor for hypertension, diabetes, or metabolic syndrome among African Americans.

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