Analysis of Rho-GTPase Activity During Budding Yeast Cytokinesis

2016 ◽  
pp. 205-218
Author(s):  
Masayuki Onishi ◽  
John R. Pringle
Keyword(s):  
Rho Gtpase ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Gtpase Activity

scholarly journals Inactivation of Rho GTPases by Statins Attenuates Anthrax Lethal Toxin Activity

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 348-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimee M. deCathelineau ◽  
Gary M. Bokoch
Keyword(s):  
Rho Gtpases ◽  
Rho Gtpase ◽  
Protective Antigen ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Lethal Factor ◽  
Lethal Toxin ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Gtpase Activity ◽  
Anthrax Lethal Toxin ◽  
Reductase Inhibitors

ABSTRACT Anthrax lethal factor (LF), secreted by Bacillus anthracis, interacts with protective antigen to form a bipartite toxin (lethal toxin [LT]) that exerts pleiotropic biological effects resulting in subversion of the innate immune response. Although the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MKKs) are the major intracellular protein targets of LF, the pathology induced by LT is not well understood. The statin family of HMG-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors have potent anti-inflammatory effects independent of their cholesterol-lowering properties, which have been attributed to modulation of Rho family GTPase activity. The Rho GTPases regulate vesicular trafficking, cytoskeletal dynamics, and cell survival and proliferation. We hypothesized that disruption of Rho GTPase function by statins might alter LT action. We show here that statins delay LT-induced death and MKK cleavage in RAW macrophages and that statin-mediated effects on LT action are attributable to disruption of Rho GTPases. The Rho GTPase-inactivating toxin, toxin B, did not significantly affect LT binding or internalization, suggesting that the Rho GTPases regulate trafficking and/or localization of LT once internalized. The use of drugs capable of inhibiting Rho GTPase activity, such as statins, may provide a means to attenuate intoxication during B. anthracis infection.

scholarly journals Low-dose Chemotherapeutic Agents Regulate Small Rho GTPase Activity in Dendritic Cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina V. Shurin ◽  
Irina L. Tourkova ◽  
Michael R. Shurin
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Rho Gtpase ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Gtpase Activity

Bacterial Toxins that Modulate Rho GTPase Activity

2014 ◽  
pp. 283-292
Author(s):  
James B. Bliska ◽  
Gloria I. Viboud
Keyword(s):  
Rho Gtpase ◽  
Bacterial Toxins ◽  
Gtpase Activity

Activation of the lectin DC-SIGN induces an immature dendritic cell phenotype triggering Rho-GTPase activity required for HIV-1 replication

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashleigh Hodges ◽  
Katherine Sharrocks ◽  
Mariola Edelmann ◽  
Dilair Baban ◽  
Arnaud Moris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cell ◽  
Rho Gtpase ◽  
Immature Dendritic Cell ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Gtpase Activity ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Corrigendum: A GAL4-inducible transgenic tool kit for the in vivo modulation of Rho GTPase activity in zebrafish

2017 ◽  
Vol 246 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-485
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Hanovice ◽  
Emily McMains ◽  
Jeffrey M. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Rho Gtpase ◽  
Gtpase Activity

scholarly journals The Amot/Patj/Syx signaling complex spatially controls RhoA GTPase activity in migrating endothelial cells

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 244-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mira Ernkvist ◽  
Nathalie Luna Persson ◽  
Stéphane Audebert ◽  
Patrick Lecine ◽  
Indranil Sinha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rho Gtpase ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Gtpase Activity ◽  
Directional Migration ◽  
Rhoa Activity ◽  
Signaling Complex ◽  
Morpholino Knockdown ◽  
Rhoa Gtpase ◽  
Related Proteins

Abstract Controlled regulation of Rho GTPase activity is an essential component mediating growth factor–stimulated migration. We have previously shown that angiomotin (Amot), a membrane-associated scaffold protein, plays a critical role during vascular patterning and endothelial migration during embryogenesis. However, the signaling pathways by which Amot controls directional migration are not known. Here we have used peptide pull-down and yeast 2-hybrid (Y2H) screening to identify proteins that interact with the C-terminal PDZ-binding motifs of Amot and its related proteins AmotL1 and 2. We report that Amot and its related proteins bind to the RhoA GTPase exchange factor (RhoGEF) protein Syx. We show that Amot forms a ternary complex together with Patj (or its paralogue Mupp1) and Syx. Using FRET analysis, we provide evidence that Amot controls targeting of RhoA activity to lamellipodia in vitro. We also report that, similar to Amot, morpholino knockdown of Syx in zebrafish results in inhibition of migration of intersegmental arteries. Taken together, our results indicate that the directional migration of capillaries in the embryo is governed by the Amot:Patj/Mupp1:Syx signaling that controls local GTPase activity.

scholarly journals Mechanochemical coupling and junctional forces during collective cell migration

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bui ◽  
D. E. Conway ◽  
R. L. Heise ◽  
S.H. Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Rho Gtpases ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Rho Gtpase ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Collective Cell Migration ◽  
Gtpase Activity ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Cell Cell

ABSTRACTCell migration, a fundamental physiological process in which cells sense and move through their surrounding physical environment, plays a critical role in development and tissue formation, as well as pathological processes, such as cancer metastasis and wound healing. During cell migration, dynamics are governed by the bidirectional interplay between cell-generated mechanical forces and the activity of Rho GTPases, a family of small GTP-binding proteins that regulate actin cytoskeleton assembly and cellular contractility. These interactions are inherently more complex during the collective migration of mechanically coupled cells, due to the additional regulation of cell-cell junctional forces. In this study, we present a minimal modeling framework to simulate the interactions between mechanochemical signaling in individual cells and interactions with cell-cell junctional forces during collective cell migration. We find that migration of individual cells depends on the feedback between mechanical tension and Rho GTPase activity in a biphasic manner. During collective cell migration, waves of Rho GTPase activity mediate mechanical contraction/extension and thus synchronization throughout the tissue. Further, cell-cell junctional forces exhibit distinct spatial patterns during collective cell migration, with larger forces near the leading edge. Larger junctional force magnitudes are associated with faster collective cell migration and larger tissue size. Simulations of heterogeneous tissue migration exhibit a complex dependence on the properties of both leading and trailing cells. Computational predictions demonstrate that collective cell migration depends on both the emergent dynamics and interactions between cellular-level Rho GTPase activity and contractility, and multicellular-level junctional forces.

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