Split GFP Complementation Assay for Quantitative Measurement of Tau Aggregation In Situ

2010 ◽  
pp. 109-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanjoo Chun ◽  
Geoffrey S. Waldo ◽  
Gail V. W. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Complementation Assay ◽  
Tau Aggregation

scholarly journals Label-Free and Quantitative Dry Mass Monitoring for Single Cells during In Situ Culture

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1635
Author(s):  
Ya Su ◽  
Rongxin Fu ◽  
Wenli Du ◽  
Han Yang ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Growth ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Hela Cells ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Quantitative Detection ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Mass Sensitivity

Quantitative measurement of single cells can provide in-depth information about cell morphology and metabolism. However, current live-cell imaging techniques have a lack of quantitative detection ability. Herein, we proposed a label-free and quantitative multichannel wide-field interferometric imaging (MWII) technique with femtogram dry mass sensitivity to monitor single-cell metabolism long-term in situ culture. We demonstrated that MWII could reveal the intrinsic status of cells despite fluctuating culture conditions with 3.48 nm optical path difference sensitivity, 0.97 fg dry mass sensitivity and 2.4% average maximum relative change (maximum change/average) in dry mass. Utilizing the MWII system, different intrinsic cell growth characteristics of dry mass between HeLa cells and Human Cervical Epithelial Cells (HCerEpiC) were studied. The dry mass of HeLa cells consistently increased before the M phase, whereas that of HCerEpiC increased and then decreased. The maximum growth rate of HeLa cells was 11.7% higher than that of HCerEpiC. Furthermore, HeLa cells were treated with Gemcitabine to reveal the relationship between single-cell heterogeneity and chemotherapeutic efficacy. The results show that cells with higher nuclear dry mass and nuclear density standard deviations were more likely to survive the chemotherapy. In conclusion, MWII was presented as a technique for single-cell dry mass quantitative measurement, which had significant potential applications for cell growth dynamics research, cell subtype analysis, cell health characterization, medication guidance and adjuvant drug development.

The Direct Quantitative Measurement of In-Situ Burn (ISB) Rate and Efficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 1006-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Panetta ◽  
Richard Byrne ◽  
Hualong Du
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Time Integration ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Thickness Measurement ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Burn Rate ◽  
Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT In-situ burning (ISB) is an important tool to remove oil from the environment. During ISB, it is important to know the volume reduction of oil for the overall accounting of the spilled oil, as a metric for operational decisions, and to account for the ISB portion of the oil budget. The burn rate depends on the type of oil, degree of emulsification and weathering, estimated thickness, weather conditions, and size of the burn area. Furthermore, each spill has a unique physical environment and oil properties that affect burn efficiency and rate. The volume of oil consumed during ISB is typically computed using a manual, coarse, time integration of the instantaneous burn area based on visual observations and a characteristic burn rate. The area is typically estimated in the field using known boom geometry and visual inspection of the fire-water interface, and recorded manually. We have developed methods to measure the instantaneous consumption of burning oil and thus the oil burn rate by integrating direct measurements of thickness using acoustics sensors in the water under the slick with direct measurements of the area of the burning oil using infrared and visible light images from cameras above the burning oil. Data were collected during the burning of several oils and petroleum products including ANS, rock, diesel, and hexane. The acoustic thickness measurement took into account the high temperature gradient in the oil and combined with multi camera automated burn area estimates yielded an instantaneous measurement of the volume of oil consumed while burning. We were able to identify the buildup of the burn, the active burning phase, and in the case of confined burns the vigorous burning phase. Knowing the instantaneous thickness and surface area during burning allowed us to directly calculate the burn rate and to study the dynamics of ISB. We are working on validating the burn rate and efficiency with direct measurements of the weight of the oil and residue before, during, and after burning. The authors believe these are the first direct measurements of slick thickness using acoustics during ISB.

In Situ Quantitative Measurement of Concentration Profiles in a Microreactor with Submicron Resolution Using Multiplex CARS Microscopy

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (35) ◽  
pp. 11592-11593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn Schafer ◽  
Jeff A. Squier ◽  
Jan van Maarseveen ◽  
Daniel Bonn ◽  
Mischa Bonn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Concentration Profiles ◽  
Cars Microscopy ◽  
Submicron Resolution

Dynamic adsorption of ciprofloxacin on carbon nanofibers: Quantitative measurement by in situ fluorescence

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e14-e20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaona Li ◽  
Wenqiang Wang ◽  
Jia Dou ◽  
Jinsuo Gao ◽  
Shuo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanofibers ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Dynamic Adsorption

scholarly journals In Situ SEM Torsion Test of Metallic Glass Microwires Based on Micro Robotic Manipulation

Scanning ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenchen Jiang ◽  
Haojian Lu ◽  
Ke Cao ◽  
Wenfeng Wan ◽  
Yajing Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Metallic Glass ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Torsion Test ◽  
Robotic Manipulation ◽  
Deformation Mechanisms ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Torsional Loading

Microwires, such as metallic, semiconductor, and polymer microwires and carbon fibers, have stimulated great interest due to their importance in various structural and functional applications. Particularly, metallic glass (MG) microwires, because of their amorphous atoms arrangement, have some unique mechanical properties compared with traditional metals. Despite the fact that substantial research efforts have been made on the mechanical characterizations of metallic glass microwires under tension or flexural bending, the mechanical properties of microwires under torsional loading have not been well studied, mainly due to the experimental difficulties, such as the detection of torsion angle, quantitative measurement of the torsional load, and the alignment between the specimen and torque meter. In this work, we implemented the in situ SEM torsion tests of individual La50Al30Ni20 metallic glass (MG) microwires successfully based on a self-developed micro robotic mechanical testing system. Unprecedented details, such as the revolving vein-pattern along the torsion direction on MG microwires fracture surface, were revealed. Our platform could provide critical insights into understanding the deformation mechanisms of other microwires under torsional loading and can even be further used for robotic micromanufacturing.

scholarly journals In Situ Quantitative Measurement of HER2mRNA Predicts Benefit from Trastuzumab-Containing Chemotherapy in a Cohort of Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e99131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Vassilakopoulou ◽  
Taiwo Togun ◽  
Urania Dafni ◽  
Huan Cheng ◽  
Jennifer Bordeaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients

scholarly journals Quantitative measurement of the microphysical and optical properties of cirrus clouds with four different in situ probes: Evidence of small ice crystals

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (24) ◽  
pp. XXX-XXX ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-François Gayet ◽  
Frédérique Auriol ◽  
Andreas Minikin ◽  
Johan Ström ◽  
Marco Seifert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Quantitative Measurement ◽  
Cirrus Clouds ◽  
Ice Crystals

scholarly journals Cytosolic Fc receptor TRIM21 inhibits seeded tau aggregation

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 574-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. McEwan ◽  
Benjamin Falcon ◽  
Marina Vaysburd ◽  
Dean Clift ◽  
Adrian L. Oblak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fc Receptor ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Protein Assemblies ◽  
Aaa Atpase ◽  
Protein Tau ◽  
Tripartite Motif ◽  
Host Origin ◽  
Tripartite Motif Protein ◽  
Tau Aggregation

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders are associated with the cytoplasmic aggregation of microtubule-associated protein tau. Recent evidence supports transcellular transfer of tau misfolding (seeding) as the mechanism of spread within an affected brain, a process reminiscent of viral infection. However, whereas microbial pathogens can be recognized as nonself by immune receptors, misfolded protein assemblies evade detection, as they are host-derived. Here, we show that when misfolded tau assemblies enter the cell, they can be detected and neutralized via a danger response mediated by tau-associated antibodies and the cytosolic Fc receptor tripartite motif protein 21 (TRIM21). We developed fluorescent, morphology-based seeding assays that allow the formation of pathological tau aggregates to be measured in situ within 24 h in the presence of picomolar concentrations of tau seeds. We found that anti-tau antibodies accompany tau seeds into the cell, where they recruit TRIM21 shortly after entry. After binding, TRIM21 neutralizes tau seeds through the activity of the proteasome and the AAA ATPase p97/VCP in a similar manner to infectious viruses. These results establish that intracellular antiviral immunity can be redirected against host-origin endopathogens involved in neurodegeneration.

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