Metabolic and Endocrine Disorders of the Skeleton

2009 ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
Roger Smith
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disorders

Assessment of endocrine disorders of the hypothalamicpituitary axis by nuclear medicine techniques

2002 ◽  
Vol 41 (02) ◽  
pp. 80-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jockenhövel ◽  
P. Theissen ◽  
M. Dietlein ◽  
W. Krone ◽  
H. Schicha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Dopamine D2 Receptor ◽  
Somatostatin Receptor ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
Ectopic Acth Syndrome ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Ectopic Acth ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis

SummaryThe following article reviews nuclear medicine techniques which can be used for assessment of endocrine disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. For planar and SPECT imaging somatostatin-receptor- and dopamine- D2-receptor-scintigraphy are the most widely distributed techniques. These nuclear medicine techniques may be indicated in selected cases to answer differential diagnostic problems. They can be helpful to search for presence and localization of receptor positive tissue. Furthermore they can detect metastasis in the rare cases of a pituitary carcinoma. Scintigraphy with Gallium-67 is suitable for further diagnostic evaluation in suspected hypophysitis. Other SPECT radiopharmaca do not have relevant clinical significance. F-18-FDG as PET radiopharmacon is not ideal because obvious pituitary adenomas could not be visualized. Other PET radiopharmaca including C-11-methionine, C-11-tyrosine, F-18-fluoroethylspiperone, C-11-methylspiperone, and C-11-raclopride are available in specialized centers only. Overall indications for nuclear medicine in studies for the assessment of endocrine disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary-axis are rare. Original studies often report only about a small number of patients. According to the authors’ opinion the relevance of nuclear medicine in studies of clinically important endocrinologic fields, e. g. localization of small ACTH-producing pituitary adenomas, tumor localization in ectopic ACTH syndrome, localization of recurrent pituitary tissue, assessment of small incidentalomas, can not be definitely given yet.

SKIN BIOPSY AND THYROTROPHIN ASSAY IN CHILDREN WITH ENDOCRINE DISORDERS, ESPECIALLY HYPOTHYROIDISM

1955 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Andersen ◽  
Gustav Asboe-Hansen ◽  
Flemming Quaade ◽  
Robert Wichmann
Keyword(s):  
Skin Biopsy ◽  
Endocrine Disorders

PITUITARY-ADRENAL RECOVERY FOLLOWING LONG-TERM CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY

1966 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Roe ◽  
D. M. Mitchell ◽  
G. W. Pennington
Keyword(s):  
Corticosteroid Therapy ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Marked Rise ◽  
Underlying Condition ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Small Rise ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Corticosteroid Drugs

ABSTRACT Adrenocortical function was assessed in 20 patients receiving long-term corticosteroid drugs for a variety of non-endocrine disorders. In all cases plasma 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) levels were within or above normal limits 48 hours after abruptly stopping their drugs and a further marked rise occurred in 7 patients given metyrapone for 24 h. Urinary 17-OHCS excretion did not show a parallel rise. Taking the group as a whole, a small rise in the mean output occurred 48 hours after stopping therapy, and a further slightly greater rise followed metyrapone. 3 patients had a relapse of their underlying condition during the test in spite of normal plasma and urinary 17-OHCS levels.

Levels of vitamin D in patients with various endocrine disorders

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Pigarova ◽  
Larisa Dzeranova ◽  
Liudmila Rozhinskaya ◽  
Alexander Il'in ◽  
Galina Melnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Endocrine Disorders

Endocrine disorders in treatment-naive male patients with HIV infection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Kalogeris ◽  
Markella Nezi ◽  
Maria Chini ◽  
Athina Lioni ◽  
Vissaria Sakka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Male Patients

The Effect of STH Hypersecretion on Neuro-psychic Function

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 2225-2228
Author(s):  
Bogdan Virgil Cotoi ◽  
Nikolaos Mavritsakis ◽  
Anca Ganescu ◽  
Elena Ionescu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Hamilton Depression Scale ◽  
Pituitary Dysfunction ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Psychic Disorders ◽  
Psychological Examination ◽  
Psychic Function

C: I: Parhon and his colleagues have drawn attention to the existence of psychic disorders, especially manic-depressive and delusional, in a range of endocrine disorders such as acromegaly, gigantism, adipose-genital dystrophy, highlighting the aggressiveness of patients with acromegaly. A number of clinical trials have shown that pituitary dysfunction can be associated with schizophrenia and even epilepsy. In this study, 19 patients were diagnosed with acromegaly following STH dosing, resulting in values higher than the upper limit (ie above 5 ng / mL in men or over 10 ng / mL in females). These patients had complete neurological examination, electroencephalogram, psychological examination, and the Hamilton depression scale.

Therapeutics for Equine Endocrine Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy E. Durham
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disorders

scholarly journals Sepsis as a Pan-Endocrine Illness—Endocrine Disorders in Septic Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2075
Author(s):  
Weronika Wasyluk ◽  
Martyna Wasyluk ◽  
Agnieszka Zwolak
Keyword(s):  
Host Response ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Hypothalamic Amenorrhea ◽  
Somatotropic Axis ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Triiodothyronine Concentration

Sepsis is defined as “life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection”. One of the elements of dysregulated host response is an endocrine system disorder. Changes in its functioning in the course of sepsis affect almost all hormonal axes. In sepsis, a function disturbance of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis has been described, in the range of which the most important seems to be hypercortisolemia in the acute phase. Imbalance in the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis is also described. The most typical manifestation is a triiodothyronine concentration decrease and reverse triiodothyronine concentration increase. In the somatotropic axis, a change in the secretion pattern of growth hormone and peripheral resistance to this hormone has been described. In the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, the reduction in testosterone concentration in men and the stress-induced “hypothalamic amenorrhea” in women have been described. Catecholamine and β-adrenergic stimulation disorders have also been reported. Disorders in the endocrine system are part of the “dysregulated host response to infection”. They may also affect other components of this dysregulated response, such as metabolism. Hormonal changes occurring in the course of sepsis require further research, not only in order to explore their potential significance in therapy, but also due to their promising prognostic value.

scholarly journals High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Efflux Capacity and Atherosclerosis in Cardiovascular Disease: Pathophysiological Aspects and Pharmacological Perspectives

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 574
Author(s):  
Maria Pia Adorni ◽  
Nicoletta Ronda ◽  
Franco Bernini ◽  
Francesca Zimetti
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
High Density ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux Capacity

Over the years, the relationship between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and atherosclerosis, initially highlighted by the Framingham study, has been revealed to be extremely complex, due to the multiple HDL functions involved in atheroprotection. Among them, HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), the ability of HDL to promote cell cholesterol efflux from cells, has emerged as a better predictor of cardiovascular (CV) risk compared to merely plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. HDL CEC is impaired in many genetic and pathological conditions associated to high CV risk such as dyslipidemia, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, endocrine disorders, etc. The present review describes the current knowledge on HDL CEC modifications in these conditions, focusing on the most recent human studies and on genetic and pathophysiologic aspects. In addition, the most relevant strategies possibly modulating HDL CEC, including lifestyle modifications, as well as nutraceutical and pharmacological interventions, will be discussed. The objective of this review is to help understanding whether, from the current evidence, HDL CEC may be considered as a valid biomarker of CV risk and a potential pharmacological target for novel therapeutic approaches.

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