Endocrine disorders in treatment-naive male patients with HIV infection

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Kalogeris ◽  
Markella Nezi ◽  
Maria Chini ◽  
Athina Lioni ◽  
Vissaria Sakka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Male Patients

An outbreak of syphilis in Oslo

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 370-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Halsos ◽  
K Edgardh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Oral Sex ◽  
Sexual Contacts ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Latent Syphilis ◽  
Retrospective Investigation

During 1999 and 2000, an outbreak of syphilis occurred in Norway: 93 cases were reported to the National Institute of Public Health. This report summarizes a retrospective investigation of the medical records of 60 patients with primary, secondary and early latent syphilis treated during 1999–2000 at the Department of STD at the Ullevål University Hospital in Oslo. Five women and 55 men were treated, mean age 38.6 and 44.9 years, respectively. Of the 60 cases, 14 (23.3%) had primary, 39 (65.0) secondary and seven (11.7%) early latent syphilis. Men who have sex with men (MSM) constituted 78.2% (43/55) of the male patients. Transmission among MSM was related to casual sexual contacts in bathhouses in Oslo. Two cases occurred among men with previously diagnosed HIV infection. Two new cases of HIV were reported. Condom use was inconsistent, and seldom used for oral sex.

scholarly journals Plasma lipidome abnormalities in people with HIV initiating antiretroviral therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily R. Bowman ◽  
◽  
Manjusha Kulkarni ◽  
Janelle Gabriel ◽  
Xiaokui Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Art Initiation ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Treatment Naïve

Abstract Background Dyslipidemia often accompanies human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART). Lipid abnormalities likely contribute to increased cardiometabolic disease among people with HIV (PWH). Here, we expand our previous findings on changes in the lipidome following ART initiation, and associations among lipid species, including ceramides (CER), diacylglycerols (DAG), and triacylglycerols (TAG), with immune activation. Methods Concentrations and fatty acid composition of plasma lipids (~ 1300 species) were measured by differential mobility spectroscopy in samples from 35 treatment-naïve PWH pre- and post-initiation of ART (raltegravir (RAL)/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine (FTC)); lipidomes were compared to those found in demographically similar HIV-uninfected individuals (n = 13). Results Compared to people without HIV, 37.1% of all lipid species measured were altered in PWH at baseline, and 31.8% of lipid species were altered following 48 weeks of ART. Concentrations of lipid classes were also altered in PWH; diacylglycerols (DAGs) and triacylglycerols (TAGs) were increased at baseline, and DAGs remained increased after 48 weeks of ART. Lipids previously linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes were enriched in PWH pre- and post ART, and were related to immune activation and insulin resistance scores. Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-containing lipids were lower in PWH compared to levels in controls, and were inversely related to levels of inflammatory biomarkers. Conclusions HIV infection and ART initiation both induce cardiometabolic changes to the composition of the plasma lipidome. These alterations are associated with inflammatory biomarkers, and may directly contribute to elevated CVD risk and diabetes. Trial registration This study is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00660972). Registered April 16, 2008.

THE EFFECTS OF ACTH AND HCG ON THE URINARY EXCRETION OF TESTOSTERONE IN MALE PATIENTS WITH VARIOUS ENDOCRINE DISORDERS

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tamm ◽  
M. Apostolakis ◽  
K. D. Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Normal Adult ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
List Type ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Secondary Hypogonadism

ABSTRACT The effects of HCG and/or ACTH administration have been investigated in 2 normal subjects and in 12 male patients suffering from various endocrinopathies. It was found that: In normal adult males 3000 IU HCG given daily over three days appear to be sufficient to obtain a significant increase in urinary testosterone excretion. The degree of the increase appears to be dependent on the age of the patient. Prolonged HCG administration in secondary hypogonadism can lead to significant sustained increases of testosterone and epitestosterone excretions. Endogenous HCG of the type produced by chorionepitheliomas does not necessarily have an effect on testosterone and epitestosterone production in male patients. HCG stimulates the testosterone and epitestosterone secretion of the testes only; it thus has no effect on orchiectomized patients. Exogenous ACTH increases the testosterone and epitestosterone production of the adrenal cortex, the latter apparently more than the former; the testosterone/epitestosterone quotient in the urine falls. In orchiectomized patients ACTH administration leads to an increase of oestrogen production from the adrenal cortex and of oestriol excretion in the urine.

Prevalence and impact of hepatitis B and C virus co-infections in antiretroviral treatment naïve patients with HIV infection at a major treatment center in Ghana

2011 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwamena William Coleman Sagoe ◽  
Afrakoma Adjoa Agyei ◽  
Francesca Ziga ◽  
Margaret Lartey ◽  
Theophilus K. Adiku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Major Treatment

scholarly journals Immune Dysfunction in HIV: A Possible Role for Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in HIV Staging

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iorhen Ephraim Akase ◽  
Bolanle O. P. Musa ◽  
Reginald Onyedumarakwe Obiako ◽  
Abdurrahman Ahmad Elfulatiy ◽  
Abdullahi Asara Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Staging ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

HIV infection is a chronic infection that almost inevitably progresses to AIDS. The infection is characterized by the deterioration in the immune function leading to opportunistic infections and malignancies. Additionally, there is an associated immune dysfunction characterized by a persistent inflammatory state and unhealthy elaboration of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. The CD4+ T cell count has been used as a surrogate for the level of immune dysfunction that exists in patients with HIV infection. Eighty-eight (88) patients with HIV infection, forty-four (44) of whom were treatment naïve patients and forty-four (44) who were treatment-experienced patients, were recruited. The serum concentrations of cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 were carried out using R&D human Quantikine ELISA kits, while patients’ CD4+ T cell counts were evaluated using the Partec easy count kit. The serum IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations were significantly higher among the AR-naïve participants compared to the ART-experienced group. Additionally, the IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations were higher in patients with lower CD4+ T cell count compared to those with higher cell counts though this was not statistically significant. Also, both IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations were higher in patients with higher WHO clinical staging of disease, significantly so for IL-6.

scholarly journals Aortic stiffness and central hemodynamics in treatment naïve HIV infection: A cross-sectional study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Martínez-Ayala ◽  
Guillermo Adrian Alanis-Sánchez ◽  
Luz Alicia Gonzalez-Hernández ◽  
Monserrat Álvarez-Zavala ◽  
Rodolfo Ismael Cabrera-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Aortic Stiffness ◽  
Central Hemodynamics ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). HIV infection causes a chronic inflammatory state and increases oxidative stress which can cause endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness. Aortic stiffness measured by carotid femoral-pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) and central hemodynamics are independent cardiovascular risk factors and have the prognostic ability for CVD. We assessed cfPWV and central hemodynamics in young individuals with recent HIV infection diagnosis and without antiretroviral therapy. We hypothesized that individuals living with HIV would present greater cfPWV and central hemodynamics (central systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure) compared to uninfected controls. Methods. We recruited 51 treatment-naïve individuals living with HIV (HIV(+)) without previous CVD and 51 age- and sex-matched controls (HIV(-)). We evaluated traditional CVD risk factors including metabolic profile, blood pressure (BP), smoking, HIV viral load, and CD4 T-cell count. Arterial stiffness and central hemodynamics were evaluated by cfPWV, central systolic BP, and central pulse pressure (cPP) via applanation tonometry. Results. HIV(+) individuals presented a greater prevalence of smoking, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and body mass index. 65.9% of HIV(+) individuals exhibited lymphocyte T CD4+ count cell/mm3. <500 cell/µL. There was no difference in brachial or central BP between groups; however, HIV(+) individuals showed significantly lower cPP. We observed a greater cfPWV (mean difference= 0.5 m/s; p<0.01) in HIV(+) compared to controls, even after adjusting for heart rate, mean arterial pressure and smoking. Conclusion: In the early stages of infection, non-treated HIV individuals present a greater prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors, arterial stiffness, and normal or decreased central hemodynamics.

Endocrine Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajagopal V. Sekhar
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Dynamic Testing ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Early Referral ◽  
Endocrine Disease ◽  
Multiple Factors

HIV infection is now a chronic disease, and it is associated with an increasing prevalence of metabolic and endocrine abnormalities. The underlying etiology of these disorders can be attributed to multiple factors, including, but not limited to, the effects of HIV itself, antiretroviral drugs, the effects of immune dysfunction, and other opportunistic infections. Any endocrine glandular system can be involved; hence, appropriate clinical suspicion, endocrinological dynamic testing for accurate diagnosis, and effective therapy are important in the identification and management of these disorders. HIV infection, antiretroviral drugs, and other factors play a role in the development of endocrine disease. For endocrine disorders in HIV, early referral to an endocrinologist is suggested.

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