Lighting Consumption Optimization in a SCADA Model of Office Building Considering User Comfort Level

In recent years, due to the unnecessary wastage of electrical energy in residential buildings, the requirement of energy optimization and user comfort has gained vital importance. In the literature, various techniques have been proposed addressing the energy optimization problem. The goal of each technique is to maintain a balance between user comfort and energy requirements, such that the user can achieve the desired comfort level with the minimum amount of energy consumption. Researchers have addressed the issue with the help of different optimization algorithms and variations in the parameters to reduce energy consumption. To the best of our knowledge, this problem is not solved yet due to its challenging nature. The gaps in the literature are due to advancements in technology, the drawbacks of optimization algorithms, and the introduction of new optimization algorithms. Further, many newly proposed optimization algorithms have produced better accuracy on the benchmark instances but have not been applied yet for the optimization of energy consumption in smart homes. In this paper, we have carried out a detailed literature review of the techniques used for the optimization of energy consumption and scheduling in smart homes. Detailed discussion has been carried out on different factors contributing towards thermal comfort, visual comfort, and air quality comfort. We have also reviewed the fog and edge computing techniques used in smart homes.

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Air Flow Modelling of a Multi-Storey Office Building

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.833 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 361-363 ◽

pp. 833-844

Author(s):

Chong Jie Wang ◽

Wei Wei Liu

Keyword(s):

Temperature Distribution ◽

Natural Ventilation ◽

Air Flow ◽

Comfort Level ◽

Office Building ◽

Temperature Stratification ◽

Air Distribution ◽

Flow Modelling ◽

Ventilation Strategies

Indoor fresh air distribution, temperature stratification and temperature distribution are consider to be the essential indicators when comes to evaluation of the comfort level for internal ventilation environment, particularly for natural ventilated space as target office building. It can be identified that the targeting building has been well designed in the respect of natural ventilation strategies where both cross and stack strategies have been adopted, but it is also obvious that under combined buoyancy and wind driven mode alternative problems appears.

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Assessment of user satisfaction in an intelligent office building in Istanbul

Journal of Facilities Management ◽

10.1108/jfm-05-2020-0030 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 325-340

Author(s):

Merve Aksoy ◽

Semra Sema Uzunoglu

Keyword(s):

Indoor Air ◽

User Satisfaction ◽

Research Process ◽

Comfort Level ◽

Office Building ◽

User Requirements ◽

Design Quality ◽

Content Type ◽

Shed Light

Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate an intelligent office building based on the post occupation evaluation (POE) criteria in relation to physical and psychosocial user needs. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using a questionnaire. The first group of questions was to determine demographic information; the second group of questions includes questions, which aim to measure the comfort level of the building users. The questionnaire also includes open-ended questions on other comments and suggestions. The data of the research were evaluated with the SPSS program and frequency and percentage distributions were determined. A total of 110 employees participated in the survey. Findings The results showed that the participants were generally satisfied with the design quality, indoor air quality and building support services quality of the building, while there were also participants who report dissatisfaction about the floor covering materials and ventilation of the spaces. At the end of the study, attention was drawn to the importance of POE in connection with user requirements. Originality/value It is considered that this study will shed light on future works by developing a perspective on intelligent office buildings in terms of user requirements and research process with the results obtained.

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Indoor environmental quality and energy use evaluation of a three-star green office building in China with field study

Journal of Building Physics ◽

10.1177/1744259120944604 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 174425912094460

Author(s):

Yan Zhou ◽

Jianmin Cai ◽

Yiwen Xu

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Energy Use ◽

Thermal Environment ◽

Comfort Level ◽

Office Building ◽

Visual Environment ◽

Actual Performance ◽

Comparison Results ◽

Chinese Standard

In order to get more comprehensive operation performance on indoor environment quality (IEQ) and energy consumption, a long-time measurement and a field occupants’ satisfaction survey on IEQ performance of the first three-star-operation-certified green office building in Ningbo city of China have been conducted, and environmental energy efficiency (EEE) also has been analyzed. Moreover, IEQ and energy consumption of the green case office building are compared with other green office example buildings of the same climate zone in other literatures. The results show that the actual indoor thermal environment of the green case office building isn’t quite achieving the design goals with the Chinese standard of thermal comfort level II (GB 50736). Although indoor air quality of CO2 concentration and visual environment are consistent with the design goals, the indoor relative humidity doesn’t reach the design goal in most of the year. The questionnaire survey results illustrate that the green case building has a high occupants’ satisfaction on IEQ. The comparison results show that there is no obvious difference in indoor temperature and visual environment between the green case building and the green office example buildings in other studies. The results of occupant’s satisfaction and CO2 concentration of the green case building are better than in other studies. However, the indoor relative humidity of the green case building in every season is much higher than in other researches. Energy use intensity (EUI) of the green case building is about 56.5 kWh/m2·a, which is much lower than the constraint value of the Chinese standard. The actual performance of the green case building is also evaluated by the indicator of EEE. The results of this article can provide useful reference for green building operational performance promotion and feedback for design phase optimization.

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The Comfort Map—A Possible Tool for Increasing Personal Comfort in Office Workplaces

Buildings ◽

10.3390/buildings11060233 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 233

Author(s):

Ágnes Borsos ◽

Erzsébet Szeréna Zoltán ◽

Éva Pozsgai ◽

Balázs Cakó ◽

Gabriella Medvegy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Comfort ◽

Environmental Quality ◽

Considerable Effect ◽

Comfort Level ◽

Office Building ◽

Indoor Environmental Quality ◽

Visual Comfort ◽

Acoustic Comfort ◽

Open Plan ◽

Office Employees

Previous studies have shown that indoor environmental quality (IEQ) parameters may have a considerable effect on office employees’ comfort, health and performance. Therefore, we initiated a research program to help occupants identify IEQ parameters they perceive as risk factors for their health in an office and enhance their comfort levels in an office environment. Since we assumed that office employees might have different indoor environmental quality expectations related to their work area and that these differences could be measured, our objective was to develop an office ‘comfort map’ based on occupants’ individual IEQ preferences. Thus, the goal of the comfort map would be to help tailor office spaces to their occupants’ health and comfort expectations. The comfort survey was developed to assess the comfort-related opinions of the occupants, based on IEQ parameters (visual comfort, acoustic comfort, air quality and thermal comfort) of a chosen open-plan office building. The survey also assessed the degree to which the given IEQ parameter was considered a health risk factor by occupants or caused a negative comfort sensation for them. The survey was filled in by 216 occupants. The answers were then analyzed with the help of a frequency table depicting relative frequency. The measurements of IEQ parameters took place in an open-plan office in the chosen office building (a Hungarian subsidiary’s office building belonging to an international company in Budapest). The occupants had different opinions regarding the perceived effects of the IEQ parameters on their health and comfort. Almost two-thirds of the respondents (64.8%) were dissatisfied with the adjustability of the noises and sounds IEQ parameter at their workstation. Furthermore, half of the respondents (50.1%) were dissatisfied with the adjustability of ventilation. Most of the occupants (45.8%) considered noises and sounds as the IEQ parameter that had a negative effect on their health. There were also IEQ differences between different areas of the office space. Based on these results, a comfort map was developed for the office. The comfort map contains information about the IEQ characteristics of each workstation by depicting the thermal comfort, carbon dioxide, visual comfort and acoustic comfort characteristics of a given workstation on a relative scale. Based on the thermal, air, acoustic, and lighting differences between the workstations, occupants can select their preferred workstations when a desk-sharing system works. Although still in its pilot phase, the comfort map could increase the chances for office employees to find the workstation best suited to their IEQ expectations. This could improve occupants’ overall comfort level, which could in turn enhance occupants’ productivity and mental as well as physical health.

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Improving User Comfort Classroom at the Kalimantan Institute of Technology with Maintenance Factors

UKaRsT ◽

10.30737/ukarst.v5i2.1615 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 188

Author(s):

Oryza L Sari ◽

Bobby Zafnat Fanneah Elwore ◽

Basyaruddin Basyaruddin

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Comfort Level ◽

Primary Data ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Analysis Process ◽

Institute Of Technology ◽

User Comfort

In building construction, the implementation of maintenance activities plays an important role in the quality of the building. By carrying out these activities regularly, it’s hoped to minimize and prevent damage to buildings and make users feel comfortable. Kalimantan Institute of Technology must have comfortable study spaces. This study aims to determine the effect of the class maintenance factor on the user's comfort level. The analysis brought by determining what factors are influencing, these factors influence, and the most dominant factors affecting the most. Primary data was obtained by distributing questionnaires to respondents, secondary data inactive students, and lecturers at the Kalimantan Institute of Technology, and supporting research data in ministerial regulations, books, research journals, and others. The data analysis process uses IBM SPSS as an auxiliary program with multiple linear regression analysis methods. Based on the research and data processing conducted, it’s concluded that 8 factors influence the maintenance, namely the maintenance of user comfort by 80.8% and the variable maintenance of the room walls. The room wall maintenance variable is the most dominant factor influencing the comfort of classroom users. Knowing these factors can implement optimal implementation to support the comfort of class users at the Kalimantan Institute of Technologists.

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Users’ Perceptions and Preferences of Landscape Gardens in a High-Rise Office Building

Journal of ASIAN Behavioural Studies ◽

10.21834/jabs.v3i8.291 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (8) ◽

pp. 199

Author(s):

Nooriati Taib ◽

Aldrin Abdullah

Keyword(s):

Publishing House ◽

Comfort Level ◽

Green Spaces ◽

Office Building ◽

Cooling Load ◽

High Rise ◽

International Publishing ◽

Perceptions And Expectations ◽

Comfort Parameters ◽

Open Access Article

Amidst today’s energy-economic crisis, the introduction of green spaces in a high-rise building is one way of reducing building’s cooling load, which at present relies mainly on air conditioning. This paper evaluates users’ perceptions and expectations in three different landscape gardens on a 21-storey high-rise office building in Penang, Malaysia. The questionnaire focuses on comfort level, landscape preferences as well as expectations and use of space. The low usage factor was attributed to the unawareness of the gardens’ existence, low accessibility and users’ preference of staying indoors. The three gardens are significantly different in its overall comfort level, thermal comfort parameters, attractions and number of visits. Keywords : Users’ perceptions; Landscape gardens; Landscape preferences; High-rise. eISSN 2514-7528 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. https://doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v3i8.291

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Handheld Computer-assisted Self-interviews: User Comfort Level and Preferences

American Journal of Health Behavior ◽

10.5993/ajhb.25.6.5 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 557-563 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Jay M. Bernhardt ◽

Victor J. Strecher ◽

Kathy R. Bishop ◽

Paul Potts ◽

Elizabeth M. Madison ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comfort Level ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Handheld Computer ◽

User Comfort

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Thermal Comfort Assessment of an Office Building in Tropical Climate Condition

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201822501003 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 225 ◽

pp. 01003 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kelly Koh ◽

Hussain H. Al-Kayiem ◽

Jundika C. Kurnia

Keyword(s):

Thermal Comfort ◽

Thermal Environment ◽

Thermal Sensation ◽

Low Cost ◽

Tropical Climate ◽

Comfort Level ◽

Office Building ◽

Climate Condition ◽

Solar Research ◽

Better Than

As a lot of people spend their time indoor, indoor thermal comfort will affect the performance of the occupants in terms of health, comfort and productivity. This paper aims to investigate the thermal comfort of an office building constructed using low cost materials in tropical climate condition. That has been achieved by investigating the PMV using the CBE thermal comfort tool in the post-graduate office building in the solar research site in UTP. The experimental measurements have been conducted at two different cases; without ventilation and with air-conditioned in the office building. The thermal comfort of the office building is assessed by using the ASHRAE thermal sensation scale. Results have demonstrated that the office room without ventilation is hot and not suitable for occupants to work at such thermal environment. Thermal comfort of the room with air-conditioning is warm and is slightly better than the room without ventilation as the PMV has been improved by around 60%. However, the acceptable thermal comfort level in the low-cost material office building is yet to be achieved.

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