scholarly journals Thermal Comfort Assessment of an Office Building in Tropical Climate Condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 225 ◽  
pp. 01003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Koh ◽  
Hussain H. Al-Kayiem ◽  
Jundika C. Kurnia
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Climate Condition ◽  
Solar Research ◽  
Better Than

As a lot of people spend their time indoor, indoor thermal comfort will affect the performance of the occupants in terms of health, comfort and productivity. This paper aims to investigate the thermal comfort of an office building constructed using low cost materials in tropical climate condition. That has been achieved by investigating the PMV using the CBE thermal comfort tool in the post-graduate office building in the solar research site in UTP. The experimental measurements have been conducted at two different cases; without ventilation and with air-conditioned in the office building. The thermal comfort of the office building is assessed by using the ASHRAE thermal sensation scale. Results have demonstrated that the office room without ventilation is hot and not suitable for occupants to work at such thermal environment. Thermal comfort of the room with air-conditioning is warm and is slightly better than the room without ventilation as the PMV has been improved by around 60%. However, the acceptable thermal comfort level in the low-cost material office building is yet to be achieved.

The Thermal Comfort of Sedentary Workers

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
S C Foo ◽  
WO Phoon
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Preferred Temperature

Two hundred and eighty-five Office workers were surveyed and the micro-climatic conditions in which they worked were measured to evaluate their preferred temperature. About 78% of workers considered the natural tropical climate uncomfortable. However, 76% to 87% of workers in airconditioned Offices approved of their thermal environment if its temperature ranged from 21°C to 27°C. Many workers who felt that the temperature produced a neutral thermal sensation in the body as a whole, tended to complain that their heads were too warm and at the same time their limbs too cool. About 60% of workers in airconditioned Offices were exposed to an air temperature of less than 24°C. Present data suggest that an air temperature of 27°C would be comfortable for more than 80% of workers.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Thermal Comfort in the Traditional Bourgeoisie Houses in Beirut

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
Jad Hammoud ◽  
Elise Abi Rached
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Climate Zones

The increasing of energy demands has considerably increased the requirements for new and traditional buildings in different climate zones. Unprecedented heat waves have increased climate temperature, in particular, in moderate climate zones such as Lebanon. In Beirut, only the residential sector consumes 50% of total electricity consumption. HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air conditioning) systems are used to reach acceptable thermal comfort levels in the new residential buildings. In case of the traditional bourgeoisie houses in Beirut, there are no discussions about the use of HVAC systems to achieve the required thermal comfort level. Thus, to reach an acceptable thermal comfort level, these houses which already contain natural ventilation system shall adapt the modern thermal comfort requirements and thermal comfort strategies and technologies where their architectural features and existing materials condition the available solutions. In order to identify the best options within the possible intervention lines (envelopes, passive strategies, equipment, renewable energy systems), it is necessary to perceive the real performance of this type of houses. In this context, the article presents the results of the study of thermal performance and comfort in a three case studies located in Beirut. Detailed field data records collected are analyzed, with a view to identify the indoor thermal environment with respect to outdoor thermal environment in different seasons. Monitoring also included measurement of hygrothermal parameters and surveys of occupant thermal sensation.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Thermal Comfort Inside the Kitchen of Non-Airconditioned Railway Pantry Car

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-291
Author(s):  
Md Sarfaraz Alam ◽  
Urmi Ravindra Salve
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Sustainable Improvement ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Air Ventilation

There are ample literature studies available, focusing on hot-humid built environment, which have achieved an increase in thermal comfort conditions by proper installation of ventilation-systems. The present thermal comfort study has been carried out in the kitchen environment of a non-air-conditioned railway pantry car in Indian Railways. The purpose is to enhance thermal comfort level under the currently applied ventilation system inside the kitchen of pantry car by determining the standard effective temperature (SET) index. During the summer and winter seasons, a field study was carried out to obtain the value of air temperature, globe temperature, relative humidity, and air velocity inside the pantry car for estimation of the SET index. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was used to obtain a better-modified case model of the pantry car kitchen for the improvement of thermal comfort. The design interventions for the pantry car kitchen were created, with emphasis on increasing energy efficiency based on low-power consumption air ventilation system. The study results indicated that, modified case-I model has a better ventilation design concept as compare to the existing and other models, which increased the air velocity and significantly decreased the air temperature inside the kitchen of pantry car at all cooking periods. A value of SET (28.6–30℃) was found with a comfortable thermal sensation within all cooking periods, which is better for the pantry car workers. This finding suggests a sustainable improvement in the thermal environment of the "non-air-conditioned" pantry car kitchen in the Indian Railways, which can be applied immediately.

scholarly journals Thermal Perception in Mild Climate: Adaptive Thermal Models for Schools

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 3948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Campano ◽  
Samuel Domínguez-Amarillo ◽  
Jesica Fernández-Agüera ◽  
Juan José Sendra
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Thermal Perception ◽  
Accurate Design ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Autumn And Winter

A comprehensive assessment of indoor environmental conditions is performed on a representative sample of classrooms in schools across southern Spain (Mediterranean climate) to evaluate the thermal comfort level, thermal perception and preference, and the relationship with HVAC systems, with a comparison of seasons and personal clothing. Almost fifty classrooms were studied and around one thousand pool-surveys distributed among their occupants, aged 12 to 17. These measurements were performed during spring, autumn, and winter, considered the most representative periods of use for schools. A new proposed protocol has been developed for the collection and subsequent analysis of data, applying thermal comfort indicators and using the most frequent predictive models, rational (RTC) and adaptive (ATC), for comparison. Cooling is not provided in any of the rooms and natural ventilation is found in most of the spaces during midseasons. Despite the existence of a general heating service in almost all classrooms in the cold period, the use of mechanical ventilation is limited. Heating did not usually provide standard set-point temperatures. However, this did not lead to widespread complaints, as occupants perceive the thermal environment as neutral—varying greatly between users—and show a preference for slightly colder environments. Comparison of these thermal comfort votes and the thermal comfort indicators used showed a better fit of thermal preference over thermal sensation and more reliable results when using regional ATC indicators than the ASHRAE adaptive model. This highlights the significance of inhabitants’ actual thermal perception. These findings provide useful insight for a more accurate design of this type of building, as well as a suitable tool for the improvement of existing spaces, improving the conditions for both comfort and wellbeing in these spaces, as well as providing a better fit of energy use for actual comfort conditions.

scholarly journals Experimental Study and Analysis of Thermal Comfort in a University Campus Building in Tropical Climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8886
Author(s):  
Milen Balbis-Morejón ◽  
Javier M. Rey-Hernández ◽  
Carlos Amaris-Castilla ◽  
Eloy Velasco-Gómez ◽  
Julio F. San José-Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Thermal Sensitivity ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Humidity Measurements ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Thermal Preferences

This study presents the evaluation of the performance and acceptability of thermal comfort by students in the classrooms of a university building with minisplit-type air-conditioning systems, in a tropical climate. To carry out the study, temperature and humidity measurements were recorded, both outside and inside the selected classrooms, while the students were asked to complete thermal surveys on site. The survey model is based on the template proposed by Fanger and it was applied to a total number of 584 students. In each classroom, the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and the Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD) were estimated according to Fanger’s methodology, as well as the Thermal Sensation Vote (TSV) and the Actual Percentage Dissatisfied (APD), which were obtained from the measurements and the surveys. The results of this study showed that the PMV values, although they may vary with the insulation of the clothing, do not affect the TSV. Furthermore, comparing PMV vs. TSV scores, a 2 °C to 3 °C difference in operating temperature was found, whereby the thermal sensitivity for TSV was colder, so it could be assumed that the PMV model overestimates the thermal sensitivity of students in low-temperature conditions. In addition, an acceptability by 90% with thermal preferences between 23 °C and 24 °C were also found. These results indicate that it is possible to increase the temperature set point in minisplit-type air-conditioning system from 4 °C to 7 °C with respect to the currently set temperatures, without affecting the acceptability of the thermal environment to the students in the building.

Feasibility study to detect occupant thermal sensation using a low-cost thermal camera for indoor environments in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 014362442199401
Author(s):  
Faridah Faridah ◽  
Memory Motivanisman Waruwu ◽  
Titis Wijayanto ◽  
Rachmawan Budiarto ◽  
Raditya Cahya Pratama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Facial Skin ◽  
Thermal Camera

This paper concerns the feasibility study of 7 classes of thermal sensation detection in Indonesia's indoor environment using a low-cost thermal camera through face skin temperature. This study is required as an initial step to build a thermal comfort sensor system of HVAC control systems to produce a comfortable indoor environment with minimum and efficient energy use. The feasibility study was started by studying the thermoregulation system of respondents in Indonesia through measuring their body and facial skin temperatures under heating and cooling conditions, including their relationship with thermal sensations. The facial skin temperature variable, which is covered by four measurement points, namely forehead, nose, cheeks, and chin, represents the MST variable by the coefficient of determination of 0.54. The thermal sensation detection algorithm based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is 35.7% of accuracy. The thermal sensation questionnaire with 7 class categories is unsuitable for Indonesian respondents, and the number of the category classes predicted too much compared to the number of inputs. The detection algorithm has better accuracy with a smaller number of classes, namely 52.2% and 68.70% for the 5 and 3 classes of thermal sensation. Practical application: The air conditioning buildings system is possible to influence a thermal environmental control system to meet the occupants' thermal comfort level requirement in an indoor environment if the system is equipped with a sensor that can detect the occupants' thermal sensations. The thermal camera can be used as a non-contact sensor, detecting the occupant’s thermal sensation by reading the occupant's face skin temperature in an indoor environment.

Evaluation of Indoor Thermal Environment in a Radiant-Cooled-Floor Office Building in Malaysia

2014 ◽  
Vol 564 ◽  
pp. 228-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Jie Kwong ◽  
Mohamad Afri Arsad ◽  
Nor Mariah Adam
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Variable Air Volume ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Radiant Cooling ◽  
Comfort Parameters

This paper presents the findings of a thermal comfort survey conducted in a tropical green office building. The building was installed with a slab-integrated radiant cooling system, which operated concurrently with an integrated variable-air-volume system. Evaluation of indoor thermal environment was made, where both objective and subjective assessments were carried out. The air temperature, air velocity, relative humidity and surface temperatures were measured by using calibrated sensors. Based on the data collected from the field assessment, the thermal comforts indices with expectancy factor were calculated. The results showed that thermal comfort parameters were within the comfort range specified in a local guideline, except for the air velocity profile. Besides, discrepancy between the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) with expectancy factor and Actual Mean Vote (AMV) was found, which showed that the former still overestimated the thermal sensation of occupants although an expectancy factor of 0.5 was used.

scholarly journals An Interactive Task Conditioning System Featuring Personal Comfort Models and Non-Intrusive Sensing Techniques: A Field Study in Shanghai

Technologies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Siliang Lu ◽  
Erica Cochran Hameen
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Dynamic Task ◽  
Current Task ◽  
Open Plan

Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems play a key role in shaping office environments. However, open-plan office buildings nowadays are also faced with problems like unnecessary energy waste and an unsatisfactory shared indoor thermal environment. Therefore, it is significant to develop a new paradigm of an HVAC system framework so that everyone could work under their preferred thermal environment and the system can achieve higher energy efficiency such as task ambient conditioning system (TAC). However, current task conditioning systems are not responsive to personal thermal comfort dynamically. Hence, this research aims to develop a dynamic task conditioning system featuring personal thermal comfort models with machine learning and the wireless non-intrusive sensing system. In order to evaluate the proposed task conditioning system performance, a field study was conducted in a shared office space in Shanghai from July to August. As a result, personal thermal comfort models with indoor air temperature, relative humidity and cheek (side face) skin temperature have better performances than baseline models with indoor air temperature only. Moreover, compared to personal thermal satisfaction predictions, 90% of subjects have better performances in thermal sensation predictions. Therefore, personal thermal comfort models could be further implemented into the task conditioning control of TAC systems.

scholarly journals THERMAL COMFORT INVESTIGATION ON HOLY MOSQUE IN BANDUNG Case Study : Lautze 2 Mosque Bandung

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Agung Prabowo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Air Velocity ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Comfort Index ◽  
Main Factors

Abstract -Thermal comfort is a state of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment. There are two main categories in the effort to obtain a comfort index; empirical and analytical. Empirical is based on social surveys, while analysis is based on the physics principle of heat flow.Bandung city is one of the historical cities in Indonesia which has many historical heritage buidings. One of them which is commonly known as colonial buildings in Bandung is Lautze 2 Mosque, located at Tamblong Street in the city center of Bandung. This research was conducted to analyze the thermal comfort in the Lautze 2 Mosque Bandung. The analytical method used in this study is a quantitative research method by measuring the main factors namely air temperature, air humidity and air velocity. The main factors become obstacles to get thermal comfort data at the Lautze 2 Mosque Bandung is the location of buildings located in areas with tropical climate conditions with high air temperatures, high air humidity, and low air velocitys.The research conclude that thermal comfort in the Lautze 2 Mosque Bandung building can be categorized as uncomfortable, it can be seen from the measurement results of related factors, namely the temperature and humidity that exceeds the comfort limit and the low air velocity in the building becomes an obstacle to obtain thermal comfort. Keywords: colonial buildings, mosque, thermal comfort, tropical climate.

scholarly journals Thermal Comfort Evaluation of Rooms Installed with STPV Windows

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Tian ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Lingzhi Xie ◽  
Zhichun Ni ◽  
Qingzhu Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Unit ◽  
Maximum Difference ◽  
Test Rig ◽  
Comfort Evaluation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

Thermal comfort is an important aspect to take into consideration for the indoor environment of a building integrated with a semi-transparent Photovoltaics (STPV) system. The thermal comfort of units with photovoltaic windows and that of conventional windows, which is an ordinary without PV, were evaluated via on-site tests and questionnaires. Using the thermal comfort investigation of the test rig, the maximum difference in air temperature was found to be around 5 °C between test unit and comparison unit. The predicted mean vote (PMV)–predicted percentage dissatisfied (PPD) value of the test unit was better than that of the comparison unit. It was observed that on sunny days, the PMV value ranged from 0.2 (nature) to 1.3 (slightly warm) in the test unit, and that of the comparison unit was 0.7 (slightly warm) to 2.0 (warm), thereby providing better thermal comfort, especially during mornings. The maximum difference in PPD values was found to reach 27% between the two units at noon. On cloudy days, the difference was negligible, and the thermal sensation between the foot and the head were almost the same. Fifty respondents were asked to complete a carefully designed questionnaire. The thermal sensation of the test unit was better than that of comparison unit, which corresponded with the test results. Thermal, lighting, acoustic, and other environment comfort scores were combined, and the acceptance of the test unit with the STPV windows was found to be 73.8%. The thermal sensation difference between men and women was around 5%. Thus, during summer, STPV windows can improve the thermal comfort and potentially reduce the air-conditioning load.

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