Trained Innate Immunity and Its Implications for Mucosal Immunity and Inflammation

ABSTRACT Historically, mucosal immunity—i.e., the portion of the immune system that protects an organism’s various mucous membranes from invasion by potentially pathogenic microbes—has been studied in single-cell epithelia in the gastrointestinal and upper respiratory tracts of vertebrates. Phylogenetically, mucosal surfaces appeared for the first time about 560 million years ago in members of the phylum Cnidaria. There are remarkable similarities and shared functions of mucosal immunity in vertebrates and innate immunity in cnidarians, such as Hydra species. Here, we propose a common origin for both systems and review observations that indicate that the ultimately simple holobiont Hydra provides both a new perspective on the relationship between bacteria and animal cells and a new prism for viewing the emergence and evolution of epithelial tissue-based innate immunity. In addition, recent breakthroughs in our understanding of immune responses in Hydra polyps reared under defined short-term gnotobiotic conditions open up the potential of Hydra as an animal research model for the study of common mucosal disorders.

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Innate immunity in HIV-1 infection: epithelial and non-specific host factors of mucosal immunity- a workshop report

Oral Diseases ◽

10.1111/odi.12451 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

pp. 171-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

W Nittayananta ◽

A Weinberg ◽

D Malamud ◽

D Moyes ◽

J Webster-Cyriaque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Innate Immunity ◽

Mucosal Immunity ◽

Host Factors ◽

Workshop Report ◽

Specific Host ◽

Hiv 1

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Tissue Distribution of Surfactant Proteins A and D in the Mouse

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1177/002215540205000713 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 50 (7) ◽

pp. 993-996 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Jennifer Akiyama ◽

Ari Hoffman ◽

Cynthia Brown ◽

Lennell Allen ◽

Jess Edmondson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Innate Immunity ◽

Tissue Distribution ◽

Lacrimal Gland ◽

Mucosal Immunity ◽

The Body ◽

Surfactant Proteins ◽

Limited Distribution

Surfactant proteins A and D, collagen-like lectins (collectins), were first isolated from the lung. In the lung, SP-A and SP-D have roles in surfactant homeostasis and innate immunity. In this study we show that SP-A and SP-D mRNA can be detected in a significant number of non-pulmonary tissues but the proteins have a more limited distribution. SP-D protein was detected in lung, uterus, ovary, and lacrimal gland, whereas SP-A protein was detected only in the lung. The results suggest that SP-D participates in mucosal immunity throughout the body.

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