Architecture and Biogenesis of the Cell Envelope of Corynebacterium glutamicum

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Houssin ◽  
Célia de Sousa d’Auria ◽  
Florence Constantinesco ◽  
Christiane Dietrich ◽  
Cécile Labarre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corynebacterium Glutamicum ◽  
Cell Envelope

scholarly journals The MarR-Type Regulator MalR Is Involved in Stress-Responsive Cell Envelope Remodeling in Corynebacterium glutamicum

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Hünnefeld ◽  
Marcus Persicke ◽  
Jörn Kalinowski ◽  
Julia Frunzke
Keyword(s):  
Corynebacterium Glutamicum ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Responsive Cell

Corynebacterium glutamicum whiA plays roles in cell division, cell envelope formation, and general cell physiology

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Hyun Lee ◽  
Haeri Jeong ◽  
Younhee Kim ◽  
Heung-Shick Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Corynebacterium Glutamicum ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Division Cell

scholarly journals Towards improved resistance of Corynebacterium glutamicum against nisin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominik Weixler ◽  
Oliver Goldbeck ◽  
Gerd Michael Seibold ◽  
Bernhard Johannes Eikmanns ◽  
Christian Ullrich Riedel
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Corynebacterium Glutamicum ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Heterologous Production ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Lipid Ii ◽  
Immunity Genes ◽  
Abc Transporter Genes

The bacteriocin nisin is one of the best studied antimicrobial peptides. It is widely used as a food preservative due to its antimicrobial activity against various Gram-positive bacteria including human pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes and others. The receptor of nisin is the universal cell wall precursor lipid II, which is present in all bacteria. Thus, nisin has a broad spectrum of target organisms. Consequently, heterologous production of nisin with biotechnological relevant organisms including Corynebacterium glutamicum is difficult. Nevertheless, bacteria have evolved several mechanisms of resistance against nisin and other cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs). Here, we transferred resistance mechanisms described in other organisms to C. glutamicum with the aim to improve nisin resistance. The presented approaches included: expression of (i) nisin immunity genes nisI and/or nisFEG or (ii) nisin ABC-transporter genes of Staphylococcus aureus and its homologues of C. glutamicum, (iii) genes coding for enzymes for alanylation or lysinylation of the cell envelope to introduce positive charges, and/or (iv) deletion of genes for porins of the outer membrane. None of the attempts alone increased resistance of C. glutamicum more than two-fold. To increase resistance of C. glutamicum to levels that will allow heterologous production of active nisin at relevant titers, further studies are needed.

scholarly journals Cytological changes in Corynebacterium glutamicum cell envelope structure caused by biotin deficiency.

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Ochiai ◽  
Ken-Ichirou Takayama ◽  
Isao Kawamoto
Keyword(s):  
Corynebacterium Glutamicum ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Biotin Deficiency ◽  
Cytological Changes

scholarly journals Genome sequencing of the bacteriophage CL31 and interaction with the host strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Hünnefeld ◽  
Ulrike Viets ◽  
Vikas Sharma ◽  
Astrid Wirtz ◽  
Aël Hardy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corynebacterium Glutamicum ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Mycolic Acid ◽  
Host Strain ◽  
Modification System

AbstractIn this study, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the genomic features of the phage CL31 and the infection dynamics with the biotechnologically relevant host strain Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032. Genome sequencing and annotation of CL31 revealed a 45-kbp genome composed of 72 open reading frames, mimicking the GC content of its host strain (54.4 %). An ANI-based distance matrix showed the highest similarity of CL31 to the temperate corynephage Φ16. While the C. glutamicum ATCC 13032 wild type strain showed only mild propagation of CL31, a strain lacking the cglIR-cglIIR-cglIM restriction-modification system was efficiently infected by this phage. Interestingly, the prophage-free strain C. glutamicum MB001 featured an even accelerated amplification of CL31 compared to the Δresmod strain suggesting a role of cryptic prophage elements in phage defense. Proteome analysis of purified phage particles and transcriptome analysis provide important insights into structural components of the phage and the response of C. glutamicum to CL31 infection. Isolation and sequencing of CL31-resistant strains revealed SNPs in genes involved in mycolic acid biosynthesis suggesting a role of this cell envelope component in phage adsorption. Altogether, these results provide an important basis for further investigation of phage-host interactions in this important biotechnological model organism.

scholarly journals Sequential assembly of the septal cell envelope prior to V snapping in Corynebacterium glutamicum

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxue Zhou ◽  
Frances P. Rodriguez-Rivera ◽  
Hoong Chuin Lim ◽  
Jason C. Bell ◽  
Thomas G. Bernhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corynebacterium Glutamicum ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Sequential Assembly

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification of novel genes involved in Corynebacteriales cell envelope biogenesis using Corynebacterium glutamicum as a model

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0240497
Author(s):  
Célia de Sousa-d’Auria ◽  
Florence Constantinesco-Becker ◽  
Patricia Constant ◽  
Maryelle Tropis ◽  
Christine Houssin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Corynebacterium Glutamicum ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Mycolic Acid ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Mycolic Acids ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Altered Cell ◽  
Covalent Complex

Corynebacteriales are Actinobacteria that possess an atypical didermic cell envelope. One of the principal features of this cell envelope is the presence of a large complex made up of peptidoglycan, arabinogalactan and mycolic acids. This covalent complex constitutes the backbone of the cell wall and supports an outer membrane, called mycomembrane in reference to the mycolic acids that are its major component. The biosynthesis of the cell envelope of Corynebacteriales has been extensively studied, in particular because it is crucial for the survival of important pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is therefore a key target for anti-tuberculosis drugs. In this study, we explore the biogenesis of the cell envelope of Corynebacterium glutamicum, a non-pathogenic Corynebacteriales, which can tolerate dramatic modifications of its cell envelope as important as the loss of its mycomembrane. For this purpose, we used a genetic approach based on genome-wide transposon mutagenesis. We developed a highly effective immunological test based on the use of anti-cell wall antibodies that allowed us to rapidly identify bacteria exhibiting an altered cell envelope. A very large number (10,073) of insertional mutants were screened by means of this test, and 80 were finally selected, representing 55 different loci. Bioinformatics analyses of these loci showed that approximately 60% corresponded to genes already characterized, 63% of which are known to be directly involved in cell wall processes, and more specifically in the biosynthesis of the mycoloyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan complex. We identified 22 new loci potentially involved in cell envelope biogenesis, 76% of which encode putative cell envelope proteins. A mutant of particular interest was further characterized and revealed a new player in mycolic acid metabolism. Because a large proportion of the genes identified by our study is conserved in Corynebacteriales, the library described here provides a new resource of genes whose characterization could lead to a better understanding of the biosynthesis of the envelope components of these bacteria.

scholarly journals Study of mycoloyl transferase transport across the cell envelope of Corynebacterium glutamicum

2001 ◽  
Vol 201 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duc Thang Nguyen ◽  
Christine Houssin ◽  
Nicolas Bayan
Keyword(s):  
Corynebacterium Glutamicum ◽  
Cell Envelope

Ethambutol, a cell wall inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, elicits l-glutamate efflux of Corynebacterium glutamicum

Microbiology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 151 (5) ◽  
pp. 1359-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Radmacher ◽  
Kathrin C. Stansen ◽  
Gurdyal S. Besra ◽  
Luke J. Alderwick ◽  
William N. Maughan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Corynebacterium Glutamicum ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Dna Microarrays ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Glutamate Efflux

Corynebacterium glutamicum is used for the large-scale production of l-glutamate, but the efflux of this amino acid is poorly understood. This study shows that addition of ethambutol (EMB) to growing cultures of C. glutamicum causes l-glutamate efflux at rates of up to 15 nmol min−1 (mg dry wt)−1, whereas in the absence of EMB, no efflux occurs. EMB is used for the treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and at a molecular level it targets a series of arabinosyltransferases (EmbCAB). The single arabinosyltransferase-encoding emb gene of C. glutamicum was placed under the control of a Tet repressor (TetR). Experiments with this strain, as well as with an emb-overexpressing strain, coupled with biochemical analyses showed that: (i) emb expression was correlated with l-glutamate efflux, (ii) emb overexpression increased EMB resistance, (iii) EMB caused less arabinan deposition in cell wall arabinogalactan, and (iv) EMB caused a reduced content of cell-wall-bound mycolic acids. Thus EMB addition resulted in a marked disordering of the cell envelope, which was also discernible by examining cellular morphology. In order to further characterize the cellular response to EMB addition, genome-wide expression profiling was performed using DNA microarrays. This identified 76 differentially expressed genes, with 18 of them upregulated more than eightfold. Among these were the cell-wall-related genes ftsE and mepA (encoding a secreted metalloprotease); however, genes of central metabolism were largely absent. Given that an altered lipid composition of the plasma membrane of C. glutamicum can result in l-glutamate efflux, we speculate that major structural alterations of the cell envelope are transmitted to the membrane, which in turn activates an export system, perhaps via increased membrane tension.

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