Corynebacterium glutamicum whiA plays roles in cell division, cell envelope formation, and general cell physiology

2019 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Hyun Lee ◽  
Haeri Jeong ◽  
Younhee Kim ◽  
Heung-Shick Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Corynebacterium Glutamicum ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Division Cell

scholarly journals Loss of PodJ in Agrobacterium tumefaciens Leads to Ectopic Polar Growth, Branching, and Reduced Cell Division

2016 ◽  
Vol 198 (13) ◽  
pp. 1883-1891 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Anderson-Furgeson ◽  
John R. Zupan ◽  
Romain Grangeon ◽  
Patricia C. Zambryski
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Polar Growth ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Growth Pole ◽  
Envelope Material ◽  
Z Ring

ABSTRACTAgrobacterium tumefaciensis a rod-shaped Gram-negative bacterium that elongates by unipolar addition of new cell envelope material. Approaching cell division, the growth pole transitions to a nongrowing old pole, and the division site creates new growth poles in sibling cells. TheA. tumefacienshomolog of theCaulobacter crescentuspolar organizing protein PopZ localizes specifically to growth poles. In contrast, theA. tumefacienshomolog of theC. crescentuspolar organelle development protein PodJ localizes to the old pole early in the cell cycle and accumulates at the growth pole as the cell cycle proceeds. FtsA and FtsZ also localize to the growth pole for most of the cell cycle prior to Z-ring formation. To further characterize the function of polar localizing proteins, we created a deletion ofA. tumefacienspodJ(podJAt). ΔpodJAtcells display ectopic growth poles (branching), growth poles that fail to transition to an old pole, and elongated cells that fail to divide. In ΔpodJAtcells,A. tumefaciensPopZ-green fluorescent protein (PopZAt-GFP) persists at nontransitioning growth poles postdivision and also localizes to ectopic growth poles, as expected for a growth-pole-specific factor. Even though GFP-PodJAtdoes not localize to the midcell in the wild type, deletion ofpodJAtimpacts localization, stability, and function of Z-rings as assayed by localization of FtsA-GFP and FtsZ-GFP. Z-ring defects are further evidenced by minicell production. Together, these data indicate that PodJAtis a critical factor for polar growth and that ΔpodJAtcells display a cell division phenotype, likely because the growth pole cannot transition to an old pole.IMPORTANCEHow rod-shaped prokaryotes develop and maintain shape is complicated by the fact that at least two distinct species-specific growth modes exist: uniform sidewall insertion of cell envelope material, characterized in model organisms such asEscherichia coli, and unipolar growth, which occurs in several alphaproteobacteria, includingAgrobacterium tumefaciens. Essential components for unipolar growth are largely uncharacterized, and the mechanism constraining growth to one pole of a wild-type cell is unknown. Here, we report that the deletion of a polar development gene,podJAt, results in cells exhibiting ectopic polar growth, including multiple growth poles and aberrant localization of cell division and polar growth-associated proteins. These data suggest that PodJAtis a critical factor in normal polar growth and impacts cell division inA. tumefaciens.

Fine structural observations of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans

1973 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 753-756
Author(s):  
Terrence M. Hammill ◽  
Geno J. Germano
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Desulfovibrio Desulfuricans ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
Basal Apparatus ◽  
Specialized Region ◽  
Whole Mounts

Glutaraldehyde-fixed, platinum-carbon-shadowed whole mounts, and ultrathin sections of glutaraldehyde-OsO4-fixed cells of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans were observed by electron microscopy. The preparations demonstrated a typical Vibrio form with a single polar flagellum. The cell envelope and the formation of external blebs were shown to be similar to other gram-negative bacteria. The protoplast, apparently devoid of mesosomes or other membranous structures, was densely packed with ribosomes and contained a fibrous nucleoid. A specialized region near the flagellar end of the cell was commonly observed and termed the basal apparatus. Cell division appeared to be by constriction.

scholarly journals Cell cycle specific isopentenyl transferase expression led to coordinated enhancement of cell division, cell growth and plant development in transgenic Arabidopsis

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-270
Author(s):  
Steve S. He ◽  
Angel Hoelscher ◽  
Jingyue Liu ◽  
Dennis O'Neill ◽  
Jeanne Layton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Isopentenyl Transferase ◽  
Division Cell

Patterns of cell division, cell death and chondrogenesis in cultured aggregates of normal and talpid3 mutant chick limb mesenchyme cells

Development ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-260
Author(s):  
D. A. Ede ◽  
O. P. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Intercellular Matrix ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Special Pattern ◽  
Mesenchyme Cells ◽  
Division Cell ◽  
Made In

Aggregates were prepared from dissociated mesenchyme cells obtained from normal and talpid mutant chick limb buds at stage 26 and were maintained for 4 days in culture. They were shown by autoradiographic techniques to consist initially of populations of unifoimly dedifferentiated cells within which chondrogenesis was initiated between 1 and 2 days, leading to the formation of areas of precartilage in the interior of the aggregates. Measurements of cell population density, cell death and cell division were made in precartilage and non-cartilage regions on sections prepared from normal and mutant aggregates fixed at 1-day intervals and were related to the pattern of chondrogenesis. Non-cartilage areas consisted of cells surrounding the precartilage areas and extended to the surface of the aggregate; these cells showed no special pattern or histochemical reaction. Precartilage areas consisted of one or more “;condensations”, comprising cells arranged in concentric rings around a central cell or group of cells, characterized by uptake of [35S]sulphate and taking up alcian blue stain in the intercellular matrix. Chondrogenesis was initiated al the condensation foci and spread centrifugally. Condensations were arranged in a simple pattern, roughly equidistantly from each other and never at the surface of the aggregate. The shape and arrangement of the cells comprising them suggested that they were formed by a process of aggregation towards the condensation foci. The relation of these observations to events in the intact limb bud developing in vivo is discussed.

scholarly journals The MarR-Type Regulator MalR Is Involved in Stress-Responsive Cell Envelope Remodeling in Corynebacterium glutamicum

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Hünnefeld ◽  
Marcus Persicke ◽  
Jörn Kalinowski ◽  
Julia Frunzke
Keyword(s):  
Corynebacterium Glutamicum ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Responsive Cell

Anatomy of Wild Garlic Bulbs During and Subsequent to After-Ripening

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Stritzke ◽  
E. J. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Leaf Primordia ◽  
Root Primordia ◽  
Ripening Period ◽  
Shoot Primordia ◽  
Division Cell ◽  
Wild Garlic

Microscopic examination of central and soft offset bulbs of wild garlic(Allium vinealeL.) at senescence of the parent plants in May and June revealed embryonic plants with numerous root primordia and four or five shoot primordia. Hardshell bulbs and aerial bulblets contained only one or two root primordia and three leaf primordia. The embryonic plants of central, soft offset, and hardshell bulbs elongated slowly during the after-ripening period. Rapid cell division, cell elongation, and initiation of new leaves took place after termination of the after-ripening period in all but the dormant hardshell bulbs. In November, new hardshell bulbs could be seen at the base of plants developed from central and soft offset bulbs.

scholarly journals Decoupling Filamentous Phage Uptake and Energy of the TolQRA Motor in Escherichia coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 202 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poutoum Samire ◽  
Bastien Serrano ◽  
Denis Duché ◽  
Emeline Lemarié ◽  
Roland Lloubès ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Phage Infection ◽  
Filamentous Phage ◽  
Cell Physiology ◽  
Inner Membrane ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Energy Consuming ◽  
Filamentous Phages

ABSTRACT Filamentous phages are nonlytic viruses that specifically infect bacteria, establishing a persistent association with their host. The phage particle has no machinery for generating energy and parasitizes its host’s existing structures in order to cross the bacterial envelope and deliver its genetic material. The import of filamentous phages across the bacterial periplasmic space requires some of the components of a macrocomplex of the envelope known as the Tol system. This complex uses the energy provided by the proton motive force (pmf) of the inner membrane to perform essential and highly energy-consuming functions of the cell, such as envelope integrity maintenance and cell division. It has been suggested that phages take advantage of pmf-driven conformational changes in the Tol system to transit across the periplasm. However, this hypothesis has not been formally tested. In order to decouple the role of the Tol system in cell physiology and during phage parasitism, we used mutations on conserved essential residues known for inactivating pmf-dependent functions of the Tol system. We identified impaired Tol complexes that remain fully efficient for filamentous phage uptake. We further demonstrate that the TolQ-TolR homologous motor ExbB-ExbD, normally operating with the TonB protein, is able to promote phage infection along with full-length TolA. IMPORTANCE Filamentous phages are widely distributed symbionts of Gram-negative bacteria, with some of them being linked to genome evolution and virulence of their host. However, the precise mechanism that permits their uptake across the cell envelope is poorly understood. The canonical phage model Fd requires the TolQRA protein complex in the host envelope, which is suspected to translocate protons across the inner membrane. In this study, we show that phage uptake proceeds in the presence of the assembled but nonfunctional TolQRA complex. Moreover, our results unravel an alternative route for phage import that relies on the ExbB-ExbD proteins. This work provides new insights into the fundamental mechanisms of phage infection and might be generalized to other filamentous phages responsible for pathogen emergence.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document