The Theory of Positive Balance in Brief

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
M. Joseph Sirgy
Keyword(s):  
Positive Balance

SOUTHERN CHERNOZEMS FERTILITY REPRODUCTION IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Northern Kazakhstan ◽  
Dry Steppe ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
High Doses

Fertility reproduction features of southern carbonate chernozems in the conditions of the dry-steppe zone of Northern Kazakhstan (Shortandinsky district of Akmola region) are studied. We studied the changes of humus content in the model micro plot experience. Various variants of the experiment with non-fallow and dump steam without fertilizers, grain crops with different doses of mineral fertilizers, manure, as well as with straw and sideral crops (pea-oat mixture, Donnik) are laid down. The introduction of rotted manure in small doses of 20 t / ha did not provide an increase in humus during crop rotation. When adding 40 and 80 t / ha of manure to the fallow field, it allowed to increase the humus content by 0.24 and 0.18 % of the initial amount. The introduction of sideral steam and perennial grasses into crop rotation enhanced the processes of humification and provided a positive balance of humus. In this version of the experiment, the amount of humus increased by 0.10-0.13 %. The greatest accumulation of organic matter occurred when using melilot: the increase in humus was 0.39 %. Long-term cultivation of permanent wheat crop in one field, even with high doses of mineral fertilizers, does not provide significant reproduction of soil fertility. The application of mineral fertilizers does not contribute to the increase of humus in the soil. The greatest decrease in humus content in southern chernozems is observed in the permanent dump and waste-free pair-0.11 and 0.13% over a 6-year period of observations.

scholarly journals Biological fixation, transfer and balance of nitrogen in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) orchard intercropped with different green manure crops

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ((03) 2019) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edilândia Farias Dantas ◽  
Ana Dolores Santiago de Freitas ◽  
Maria do Carmo Catanho Pereira de Lyra ◽  
Carolina Etienne de Rosália e Silva Santos ◽  
Stella Jorge de Carvalho Neta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Biological Fixation ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Jack Bean ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
Passiflora Edulis Sims

Green manures can replace or supplement mineral fertilization and add organic matter to the soils, ensuring greater sustainability to fruit growing in semiarid regions. Biological fixation, transfer and balance of nitrogen were determined on an irrigated yellow passion fruit orchard (Passiflora edulis Sims) intercropped separately with three cover crops: sunn hemp, Crotalaria juncea (L.); pigeon pea, Cajanus cajan (L.) Mill; and jack bean, Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. In a fourth treatment, legumes were not planted, but spontaneous vegetation was left to grow freely. The legumes were croped for 90 days in three lines (0.5 m apart) inside the passion fruit plant lines (2.5 m apart). Fixation and transfers were determined by the 15N natural abundance technique, using sunflower as a reference plant. The three planted legumes nodulated abundantly and fixed nitrogen in high proportions (between 50 and 90% of their N), forming symbiosis with bacteria naturally established in the soil. Jack bean produced more biomass than sunn hemp and pigeon pea, and as much as the spontaneous plants, of which 23% were legumes. The amounts of fixed N (150, 43, 30 and 29 kg ha-1) were determined mainly by the biomass of legumes. More than 40% of the N of passion fruit plants came from the biological nitrogen fixation of the intercropped jack bean, which provided an amount of N higher than that exported in the fruits, generating a positive balance of more than 100 kg ha-1. Therefore, it is recommended to intercrop jack bean in irrigated passion fruit orchards.

scholarly journals Osteopetro-Rickets: A Rare Paradoxical Association in an Infant

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-89
Author(s):  
MB Patil
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Bone Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Malignant Osteopetrosis ◽  
Infantile Malignant Osteopetrosis ◽  
Key Words Osteopetrosis

Infantile malignant osteopetrosis is a hereditary bone disease with intense positive balance of body calcium. Osteopetro-rickets is a very rare paradoxical association of infantile osteopetrosis and rickets. This is a case report of an infant with osteopetro- rickets. He presented with severe anaemia, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and clinical signs of rickets. The clinical, biochemical and skeletal survey showed osteopetrosis and rickets. We also describe the pathophysiologic mechanism and various management options. Key words: Osteopetrosis; Osteopetro-rickets; Rickets DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v32i1.5292 J. Nepal Paediatr. Soc. Vol.32(1) 2012 88-89

scholarly journals Effect of potassium application on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in old Himalayan Piedmont Plain

1970 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
PK Saha ◽  
ATMS Hossain ◽  
MAM Miah
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Potassium Fertilizer ◽  
Piedmont Plain ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Fertilization Practice ◽  
Negative Balance ◽  
North Western

A field trial was conducted in Rabi season 2001-2002 at the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute’s Agricultural Research Station (BARI ARS) farm, Thakurgaon to evaluate a higher dose of K (66 kg K/ha) for maximizing yield of wheat and sustain soil native K level for wheat in north-western (NW) region of Bangladesh. To accomplish the objective, three levels of K (T1 = K0, T2 = K66, and T3= K38 (Farmers' practice) were tested. T1= K0 and T2 = K66 were tested under soil test based (STB) N116 P15 S36 Zn1 B1.7 fertilization and these two treatments T1 and T2 were compared with the farmers' own fertilization practice N68 P24 K38 S16 Zn0B0 (T3). Results showed that the treatment (T2) i. e. K66 with STB dose produced the better yield of wheat (var. Protiva). The highest gross return of Tk. 35,610/- and the highest net-return of Tk. 30,479/- was obtained with the treatment T2 (STB). The dose of 66 kg K/ha for wheat growing in Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain (AEZ-1) was not adequate, and thus needs to be increased to maintain the soil K reserve, since there was an apparent negative balance of K in the soil with sole use of chemical fertilizers. The recommended P dose of 24 kg P/ha in wheat season created a positive balance of P. The STB dose for S and Zn @36 and 1 kg/ha, respectively, in wheat season created a positive balance of S and Zn in soil. Keywords: Potassium; fertilizer management; wheat; nutrient balance sheet. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i2.5883Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(2) : 207-216, June 2010

Concept Design of Mining System of Seafloor Hydrothermal Deposit

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Takagawa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Environmental Effect ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Hydrothermal Deposit ◽  
Mining System ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Rough Sea

Japan Deep Sea Technology Association had carried out concept design of the mining system for seafloor hydro-thermal deposit from 2008 through 2009. Through this concept design, the economic evaluation of the system with parameter of annual production of the ore was discussed, and it was clarified that more than 500 thousand tons annually would enable us to get positive balance. The environmental effect by mining was also discussed and was concluded that the active hydrothermal vents are not the targets of mining, instead, the dead vents are the targets. Then, the technological feasibility of each subsystem was discussed which constitutes the mining system, from the digger to the surface transporter. Finally, it was concluded that the mining system for hydrothermal deposits is feasible using the state-of-the-art technology even in rough sea around Japan.

scholarly journals Improvement of crop rotations aimed at increasing their efficiency and conserving soil fertility in conditions of biological intensification

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-477
Author(s):  
L. M. Kozlova ◽  
E. N. Noskova ◽  
F. A. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Perennial Legume ◽  
Bare Fallow

The long-term research conducted in 2002-2017 in a long stationary experiment on studying different types of field crop rotations under conditions of the Kirov region showed that on sod-podzolic soils the loss of humus could be lowered using agro technical methods. The most critical of them include the reduction of a portion of bare fallow, transition to sown and green-manure fallow, expanded use of perennial legume and grain-legume crops and intercrop sowings. In eight-field crop rotations when using such means of a biologization as plowing of the root-stubble residues, aboveground mass of green-manure crops in fallow fields and intercrop sowings, the supply of organic substance was within 17.24-83.03 t/ha. By mineral-ization of this substance 7.64-11.51 t of humus were produced. In a crop rotation with bare fallow there is a negative balance of humus of -0.06 t/ha. The positive balance is obtained when using sown, green-manure fallows, intercrop sowings (two-three fields), and introduction of up to 25% perennial legumes to the structure of crop rotations. The formation of 0.96-1.44 t/ha of humus in the arable layer provides positive balance of 0.20-0.72 t/ha. The increase of the part of grain crops up to 62.5-75.0% in the structure of crop rotations resulted in rise of their efficiency up to 4.74-4.79 thousand fodder units. It was 0.27-0.32 thousand fodder units higher than in the control crop rotation with bare fallow. Dependence of productivity of agricultural crops on humus content was insignificantly negative (r = -0.16). The efficiency of the studied crop rotations depended considerably on the amount of productive moisture in the soil in a phase of ear formation of grain crops (r = -0.78) and on biological activity of the soil (r = -0.80).

scholarly journals The effect of liquid pig manure on the wheat yield, content and balance of nutrients in light-gray forest soil with light particle-size composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 456-466
Author(s):  
V. I. Titova ◽  
L. D. Varlamova ◽  
R. N. Rybin ◽  
T. V. Andronova
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Light Particle ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Particle Size Composition ◽  
Positive Balance

The research has been carried out under production conditions on light gray forest soils with light particle-size composition at an area of 550 hectares where liquid pig manure (LPM) of a large pig breeding complex is annually used as an organic fertilizer at doses of 60 and 90 t/ha. The average characteristics of LPM are as follows: dry matter content is 9.5%, pH 7.7 units, nitrogen 0.22%, phosphorus 0.11%, and potassium 0.12%. The cultivated grain crops were presented by winter and spring wheat varieties, Moskovskaya 39 and Esther, respectively. It has been established that at the dose of 60 t/ha LPM for two years of research at an average a mean wheat yield was 3.0-3.75 t/ha, and at the dose of 90 t/ha - up to 4.75 t/ha. The return on investments for fertilizers in the “winter wheat → spring wheat” crop rotation link at the dose of 60 t/ha of LPM was 5.41 kg of grain per 1 kg of active substance of manure, at the dose of 90 t/ha - 4.57 kg / kg. A positive balance of nutritional elements developed on all fields, but it was better balanced when the dose of LPM was 60 t/ha and the yield was 3.0 t/ha of grain annually, or when the LPM dose was 90 t/ha and the yield of wheat was 4.75 t/ha. In this case, the estimated potassi-um supply of soil occurs at a lower rate than that of nitrogen and phosphorus. The application of 120 t of LPM during two years in total on loamy sand and of 180 t/ha on light loamy soil provided an increase in the content of mobile phosphorus compounds by 5-22 mg/kg, and potassium - by 11-30 mg/kg with a variation coefficient of 28-57% and 21-49%, respectively.

scholarly journals Using manure as fertilizer for maize could improve sustainability of milk production

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0601 ◽  
Author(s):  
José D. Jiménez-Calderón ◽  
Adela Martínez-Fernández ◽  
Fernando Prospero-Bernal ◽  
José Velarde-Guillén ◽  
Carlos M. Arriaga-Jordán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Positive Balance ◽  
Chemical Fertilization ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

This study evaluated the effect of organic or chemical fertilization of maize on cow performance, economic outcomes, and greenhouse gas emission. Each type of maize silage according its different fertilization was used in two rations offered to two different groups of nine Friesian-Holstein cows throughout 4 months. The production cost of the maize silage was 8.8% lower for organic than for chemical fertilization. Both silages had similar nutritive value, except a higher concentration of starch in maize with organic fertilization, which allowed a reduction in the proportion of concentrate in the ration, saving 25.3 eurocents per cow in the daily ration, generating a positive balance of 21.8 eurocents per cow and day. The milk yield and composition were unaffected depending on the type of fertilization, whereas the estimation of CH4 and N2O emissions with chemical fertilization was higher than emissions with organic fertilization. As a result, it is possible to increase the sustainability and profitability of dairy production with reuse and recycling of manure.

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