Challenges for Rural Livelihoods, Participatory Agroforestry, and Biodiversity Conservation in a Neotropical Biosphere Reserve in Mexico

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-89
Author(s):  
Luis García-Barrios ◽  
Juana Cruz-Morales ◽  
Marco Braasch ◽  
Yanus Dechnik-Vázquez ◽  
Alonso Gutiérrez-Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Biosphere Reserve

scholarly journals Participatory assessment of biodiversity conservation in community forestry in Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.P. Acharya ◽  
K.R. Goutam ◽  
B.K. Acharya ◽  
G. Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Community Forest Management ◽  
Managed Forests ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Participatory Assessment ◽  
Community Forest User Groups

The Community Forestry has been the most effective means of managing common forest resources in Nepal. Besides rehabilitating degraded hills, improving environment and contributing to the rural livelihoods, community forestry is claimed to be a major means of biodiversity conservation. It is also argued that the prevalent approach of community forest management threats to the conservation of biodiversity. This paper is based on the findings from two community forest user groups from Central Nepal and argues that the users’ innovative practices of active forest management favor biodiversity conservation. The study has documented users’ innovations to conserve biodiversity in community managed forests. Key words: Nepal, community forestry, biodiversity conservation and livelihoods Banko Janakari Vol.16(1) 2006 pp46-56

A framework for the Integrated Assessment of SDG trade-offs in the Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Marcinko ◽  
Robert Nicholls ◽  
Tim Daw ◽  
Sugata Hazra ◽  
Craig Hutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Sundarbans

<p>The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and their corresponding targets are significantly interconnected, with many interactions, synergies and trade-offs between individual goals across multiple temporal and spatial scales.  We propose a framework for the Integrated Assessment Modelling (IAM) of a complex deltaic socio-ecological system in order to analyse such SDG interactions. We focus on the Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve (SBR), India within the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta. It is densely populated with 4.4 million people (2011), high levels of poverty and a strong dependence on rural livelihoods. It is only 50 km from the growing megacity of Kolkata (about 15 million people in 2020). The area also includes the Indian portion of the world’s largest mangrove forest – the Sundarbans – hosting the iconic Bengal Tiger. Like all deltaic systems, this area is subject to multiple drivers of environmental change operating across different scales. The IAM framework is designed to investigate current and future trends in socio-environmental change and explore associated policy impacts, considering a broad range of sub-thematic SDG indicators. Integration is achieved through the soft coupling of multiple sub-models, knowledge and data of relevant environmental and socio-economic processes.  The following elements are explicitly considered: (1) agriculture; (2) aquaculture; (3) mangroves; (4) fisheries; and (5) multidimensional poverty. Key questions that can be addressed include the implications of changing monsoon patterns, trade-offs between agriculture and aquaculture, or the future of the Sundarbans mangroves under sea-level rise and different management strategies, including trade-offs with land use to the north.  The novel high-resolution analysis of SDG interactions allowed by the IAM will provide stakeholders and policy makers the opportunity to prioritize and explore the SDG targets that are most relevant to the SBR and provide a foundation for further integrated analysis.</p>

Poverty Alleviation, Ecotourism, and Biodiversity Protection in Príncipe Island

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-80
Author(s):  
Alda Matos
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Small Island Developing States ◽  
Sao Tome And Principe ◽  
Environment And Development ◽  
Future Work

Príncipe is the smallest of the two São Tomé and Príncipe (STP) islands and site of a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. Two-thirds of its seven thousand inhabitants are poor, and the productive fabric does not generate enough resources for poverty alleviation and biodiversity conservation. Moreover, STP archipelago belongs to the group of small island developing states (SIDS), recognised by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development as a particular case, and international funding for development and sustainability support is available. In addition, the autonomous government of Príncipe identified ecotourism as a niche market to develop, establishing goals for this activity. This chapter presents some results of the actions that have been promoted. In future work, the author studies the case of Cape Verde, another Portuguese speaking SIDS, aiming to understand what has been done in terms of poverty alleviation and its impacts.

Benefits of biodiversity conservation to agriculture and rural livelihoods

Biodiversity ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 82-85
Author(s):  
Katrina Brandon ◽  
Will R. Turner ◽  
Götz Schroth ◽  
Mohamed Bakarr
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Rural Livelihoods

scholarly journals Food sovereignty: an alternative paradigm for poverty reduction and biodiversity conservation in Latin America

F1000Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Jahi Chappell ◽  
Hannah Wittman ◽  
Christopher M Bacon ◽  
Bruce G Ferguson ◽  
Luis García Barrios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Market Integration ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
The Face

Strong feedback between global biodiversity loss and persistent, extreme rural poverty are major challenges in the face of concurrent food, energy, and environmental crises. This paper examines the role of industrial agricultural intensification and market integration as exogenous socio-ecological drivers of biodiversity loss and poverty traps in Latin America. We then analyze the potential of a food sovereignty framework, based on protecting the viability of a diverse agroecological matrix while supporting rural livelihoods and global food production. We review several successful examples of this approach, including ecological land reform in Brazil, agroforestry,milpa, and the uses of wild varieties in smallholder systems in Mexico and Central America. We highlight emergent research directions that will be necessary to assess the potential of the food sovereignty model to promote both biodiversity conservation and poverty reduction.

scholarly journals Contribution of Natural Forest Products to Rural Livelihoods at Mavunde and Sambandou Villages, Vhembe Biosphere Reserve, South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4252
Author(s):  
Mwazvita T. B. Dalu ◽  
Ashley W. Gunter ◽  
Mulweli Makatu ◽  
Gregory M. Dowo ◽  
Farai Dondofema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

With ~70% of the sub-Saharan population living in rural areas, more than 90% of rural African households depend on natural forest products. Although several studies in other parts of South Africa have looked into the use of natural forest products in poverty alleviation, little is known on the roles and relative contribution of natural forest products as daily and safety nets specifically within the Vhembe Biosphere Reserve, South Africa. This study assessed the different roles played by natural forest products in households and the patterns of their relative contribution to households both as sources of income and direct consumption within differing household compositions as well as socio-economic factors. These included employment and income diversification role and the monetised value of natural resources in the rural livelihoods of households in Sambandou and Mavunde, Vhembe Biosphere Reserve, Limpopo Province, South Africa. The study inter alia compared a wide use of natural resources by two villages and determined on which forest products they most relied for their economic welfare. Their relative contributions to livelihoods were assessed by identifying factors that affected their contributions. Findings of the study showed that Sambandou had a high number of people with formal jobs and females, and fewer old-age pensioners. Differences in employment and education between villages were observed. In all villages, the most frequently used or harvested resource was fuelwood, wild edible fruits, herbs, grass/shrub hand sweepers, insects for food, thatch grass/reeds and poles for fencing and housing. Overall, Mavunde village households were found to be more dependent on natural resource harvesting both for income and subsistence substitution. Findings suggest that this may have been a consequence of socio-economic factors such as income and employment, as well as general underdevelopment in the village. This study’s findings could contribute to further studies into how these results compare to other parts of the country and region, as well as their respective developmental implications.

scholarly journals Transformation of coffee-growing landscapes across Latin America. A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia A. Harvey ◽  
Alyssa A. Pritts ◽  
Marie J. Zwetsloot ◽  
Kees Jansen ◽  
Mirjam M. Pulleman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Biophysical Changes

AbstractIn Latin America, the cultivation of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) plays a critical role in rural livelihoods, biodiversity conservation, and sustainable development. Over the last 20 years, coffee farms and landscapes across the region have undergone rapid and profound biophysical changes in response to low coffee prices, changing climatic conditions, severe plant pathogen outbreaks, and other drivers. Although these biophysical transformations are pervasive and affect millions of rural livelihoods, there is limited information on the types, location, and extent of landscape changes and their socioeconomic and ecological consequences. Here we review the state of knowledge on the ongoing biophysical changes in coffee-growing regions, explore the potential socioeconomic and ecological impacts of these changes, and highlight key research gaps. We identify seven major land-use trends which are affecting the sustainability of coffee-growing regions across Latin America in different ways. These trends include (1) the widespread shift to disease-resistant cultivars, (2) the conventional intensification of coffee management with greater planting densities, greater use of agrochemicals and less shade, (3) the conversion of coffee to other agricultural land uses, (4) the introduction of Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) into areas not previously cultivated with coffee, (5) the expansion of coffee into forested areas, (6) the urbanization of coffee landscapes, and (7) the increase in the area of coffee produced under voluntary sustainability standards. Our review highlights the incomplete and scattered information on the drivers, patterns, and outcomes of biophysical changes in coffee landscapes, and lays out a detailed research agenda to address these research gaps and elucidate the effects of different landscape trajectories on rural livelihoods, biodiversity conservation, and other aspects of sustainable development. A better understanding of the drivers, patterns, and consequences of changes in coffee landscapes is vital for informing the design of policies, programs, and incentives for sustainable coffee production.

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