Protein Phosphatases in Guard Cells: Key Role in Stomatal Closure and Opening

2020 ◽  
pp. 125-147
Author(s):  
Shashibhushan Gahir ◽  
Vaidya Sunitha ◽  
Pulimamidi Bharath ◽  
Agepati S. Raghavendra
Keyword(s):  
Protein Phosphatases ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Guard Cells

scholarly journals ALA-Induced Flavonols Accumulation in Guard Cells Is Involved in Scavenging H2O2 and Inhibiting Stomatal Closure in Arabidopsis Cotyledons

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuyan An ◽  
Xinxin Feng ◽  
Longbo Liu ◽  
Lijun Xiong ◽  
Liangju Wang
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Guard Cells

scholarly journals Arabidopsis NPF4.6 and NPF5.1 Control Leaf Stomatal Aperture by Regulating Abscisic Acid Transport

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Takafumi Shimizu ◽  
Yuri Kanno ◽  
Hiromi Suzuki ◽  
Shunsuke Watanabe ◽  
Mitsunori Seo
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Acid Transport ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Vascular Tissues ◽  
Abscisic Acid Transport

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is actively synthesized in vascular tissues and transported to guard cells to promote stomatal closure. Although several transmembrane ABA transporters have been identified, how the movement of ABA within plants is regulated is not fully understood. In this study, we determined that Arabidopsis NPF4.6, previously identified as an ABA transporter expressed in vascular tissues, is also present in guard cells and positively regulates stomatal closure in leaves. We also found that mutants defective in NPF5.1 had a higher leaf surface temperature compared to the wild type. Additionally, NPF5.1 mediated cellular ABA uptake when expressed in a heterologous yeast system. Promoter activities of NPF5.1 were detected in several leaf cell types. Taken together, these observations indicate that NPF5.1 negatively regulates stomatal closure by regulating the amount of ABA that can be transported from vascular tissues to guard cells.

Modulation of frequency and height of cytosolic calcium spikes by plasma membrane anion channels in guard cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Tahjib-Ul-Arif ◽  
Shintaro Munemasa ◽  
Toshiyuki Nakamura ◽  
Yoshimasa Nakamura ◽  
Yoshiyuki Murata
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Anion Channel ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Cytosolic Calcium ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Extracellular Calcium ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Anion Channels ◽  
In The Wild

Abstract Cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]cyt) elevation activates plasma membrane anion channels in guard cells, which is required for stomatal closure. However, involvement of the anion channels in the [Ca2+]cyt elevation remains unclear. We investigated the involvement using Arabidopsis thaliana anion channel mutants, slac1-4 slah3-3 and slac1-4 almt12-1. Extracellular calcium induced stomatal closure in the wild-type plants but not in the anion channel mutant plants whereas extracellular calcium induced [Ca2+]cyt elevation both in the wild-type guard cells and in the mutant guard cells. The peak height and the number of the [Ca2+]cyt spike were lower and larger in the slac1-4 slah3-3 than in the wild-type and the height and the number in the slac1-4 almt12-1 were much lower and much larger than in the wild-type. These results suggest that the anion channels are involved in the regulation of [Ca2+]cyt elevation in guard cells.

scholarly journals Stomatal Guard Cells Co-opted an Ancient ABA-Dependent Desiccation Survival System to Regulate Stomatal Closure

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 928-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christof Lind ◽  
Ingo Dreyer ◽  
Enrique J. López-Sanjurjo ◽  
Katharina von Meyer ◽  
Kimitsune Ishizaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Stomatal Guard Cells

scholarly journals Evolution of chloroplast retrograde signaling facilitates green plant adaptation to land

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (11) ◽  
pp. 5015-5020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenchen Zhao ◽  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
Kai Xun Chan ◽  
D. Blaine Marchant ◽  
Peter J. Franks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Physcomitrella Patens ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Retrograde Signaling ◽  
Plant Adaptation ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Stomatal Regulation

Chloroplast retrograde signaling networks are vital for chloroplast biogenesis, operation, and signaling, including excess light and drought stress signaling. To date, retrograde signaling has been considered in the context of land plant adaptation, but not regarding the origin and evolution of signaling cascades linking chloroplast function to stomatal regulation. We show that key elements of the chloroplast retrograde signaling process, the nucleotide phosphatase (SAL1) and 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphate (PAP) metabolism, evolved in streptophyte algae—the algal ancestors of land plants. We discover an early evolution of SAL1-PAP chloroplast retrograde signaling in stomatal regulation based on conserved gene and protein structure, function, and enzyme activity and transit peptides of SAL1s in species including flowering plants, the fern Ceratopteris richardii, and the moss Physcomitrella patens. Moreover, we demonstrate that PAP regulates stomatal closure via secondary messengers and ion transport in guard cells of these diverse lineages. The origin of stomata facilitated gas exchange in the earliest land plants. Our findings suggest that the conquest of land by plants was enabled by rapid response to drought stress through the deployment of an ancestral SAL1-PAP signaling pathway, intersecting with the core abscisic acid signaling in stomatal guard cells.

Actin microfilaments and vacuoles are downstream targets of H2O2 signalling pathways in hyperosmotic stress-induced stomatal closure

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Ai-Xia Huang ◽  
Xiao-Ping She
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Hyperosmotic Stress ◽  
H2o2 Production ◽  
H2o2 Treatment ◽  
Scanning Confocal Microscopy

Changes in osmotic pressure can induce stomatal closure to reduce transpirational water loss from plants. In the present work, we investigated the mechanism underlying the perception and transduction of extracellular changes in osmotic pressure in Vicia faba L. guard cells. Using an epidermal strip bioassay and laser-scanning confocal microscopy, we provide evidence that hyperosmotic stress treatment led to stomatal closure and the rapid promotion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in V. faba guard cells. The effects were largely reduced by H2O2 scavengers ASA, CAT, NADPH oxidase inhibitor DPI and cell wall peroxidase inhibitor SHAM. These results indicate that hyperosmotic stress induces stomatal closure by promoting H2O2 production. Cytochalasin B (CB), latrunculin B (Lat B) and jasplakinolide (JK) inhibited stomatal closure induced by hyperosmotic stress but didn’t prevent the increase of endogenous H2O2 levels, suggesting that microfilaments reorganisation participates in stomatal closure induced by hyperosmotic stress, and may act downstream of H2O2 signalling processes. In addition, we observed splitting of big vacuoles into many small vacuoles in response to hyperosmotic stress and H2O2 treatment, and CB inhibited these changes of vacuoles; stomatal closure was also inhibited. Taken together these results indicate that the stomatal closure in response to hyperosmotic stress may initiate H2O2 generation, and that reorganisation of microfilaments and the changing of vacuoles occurs downstream of H2O2 signalling processes.

K252a-sensitive protein kinases but not okadaic acid-sensitive protein phosphatases regulate methyl jasmonate-induced cytosolic Ca2+ oscillation in guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana

2011 ◽  
Vol 168 (16) ◽  
pp. 1901-1908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Anowar Hossain ◽  
Shintaro Munemasa ◽  
Yoshimasa Nakamura ◽  
Izumi C. Mori ◽  
Yoshiyuki Murata
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Okadaic Acid ◽  
Protein Phosphatases ◽  
Guard Cells

scholarly journals The Tomato DELLA Protein PROCERA Acts in Guard Cells to Promote Stomatal Closure

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 3186-3197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ido Nir ◽  
Hagai Shohat ◽  
Irina Panizel ◽  
Neil Olszewski ◽  
Asaph Aharoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Della Protein
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