Signal Transduction Components in Guard Cells During Stomatal Closure by Plant Hormones and Microbial Elicitors

2017 ◽  
pp. 353-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Agurla ◽  
Gunja Gayatri ◽  
Agepati S. Raghavendra
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Guard Cells

scholarly journals Abscisic acid-independent stomatal CO2 signal transduction pathway and convergence of CO2 and ABA signaling downstream of OST1 kinase

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (42) ◽  
pp. E9971-E9980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Po-Kai Hsu ◽  
Yohei Takahashi ◽  
Shintaro Munemasa ◽  
Ebe Merilo ◽  
Kristiina Laanemets ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Aba Signaling ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Aba Receptor ◽  
Biochemical Analyses

Stomatal pore apertures are narrowing globally due to the continuing rise in atmospheric [CO2]. CO2 elevation and the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) both induce rapid stomatal closure. However, the underlying signal transduction mechanisms for CO2/ABA interaction remain unclear. Two models have been considered: (i) CO2 elevation enhances ABA concentrations and/or early ABA signaling in guard cells to induce stomatal closure and (ii) CO2 signaling merges with ABA at OST1/SnRK2.6 protein kinase activation. Here we use genetics, ABA-reporter imaging, stomatal conductance, patch clamp, and biochemical analyses to investigate these models. The strong ABA biosynthesis mutants nced3/nced5 and aba2-1 remain responsive to CO2 elevation. Rapid CO2-triggered stomatal closure in PYR/RCAR ABA receptor quadruple and hextuple mutants is not disrupted but delayed. Time-resolved ABA concentration monitoring in guard cells using a FRET-based ABA-reporter, ABAleon2.15, and ABA reporter gene assays suggest that CO2 elevation does not trigger [ABA] increases in guard cells, in contrast to control ABA exposures. Moreover, CO2 activates guard cell S-type anion channels in nced3/nced5 and ABA receptor hextuple mutants. Unexpectedly, in-gel protein kinase assays show that unlike ABA, elevated CO2 does not activate OST1/SnRK2 kinases in guard cells. The present study points to a model in which rapid CO2 signal transduction leading to stomatal closure occurs via an ABA-independent pathway downstream of OST1/SnRK2.6. Basal ABA signaling and OST1/SnRK2 activity are required to facilitate the stomatal response to elevated CO2. These findings provide insights into the interaction between CO2/ABA signal transduction in light of the continuing rise in atmospheric [CO2].

scholarly journals Calcium specificity signaling mechanisms in abscisic acid signal transduction in Arabidopsis guard cells

eLife ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Brandt ◽  
Shintaro Munemasa ◽  
Cun Wang ◽  
Desiree Nguyen ◽  
Taiming Yong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Signaling Specificity ◽  
Downstream Signaling ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Quadruple Mutant ◽  
Dependent Protein

A central question is how specificity in cellular responses to the eukaryotic second messenger Ca2+ is achieved. Plant guard cells, that form stomatal pores for gas exchange, provide a powerful system for in depth investigation of Ca2+-signaling specificity in plants. In intact guard cells, abscisic acid (ABA) enhances (primes) the Ca2+-sensitivity of downstream signaling events that result in activation of S-type anion channels during stomatal closure, providing a specificity mechanism in Ca2+-signaling. However, the underlying genetic and biochemical mechanisms remain unknown. Here we show impairment of ABA signal transduction in stomata of calcium-dependent protein kinase quadruple mutant plants. Interestingly, protein phosphatase 2Cs prevent non-specific Ca2+-signaling. Moreover, we demonstrate an unexpected interdependence of the Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent ABA-signaling branches and the in planta requirement of simultaneous phosphorylation at two key phosphorylation sites in SLAC1. We identify novel mechanisms ensuring specificity and robustness within stomatal Ca2+-signaling on a cellular, genetic, and biochemical level.

scholarly journals Arabidopsis NPF4.6 and NPF5.1 Control Leaf Stomatal Aperture by Regulating Abscisic Acid Transport

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Takafumi Shimizu ◽  
Yuri Kanno ◽  
Hiromi Suzuki ◽  
Shunsuke Watanabe ◽  
Mitsunori Seo
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Acid Transport ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Vascular Tissues ◽  
Abscisic Acid Transport

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is actively synthesized in vascular tissues and transported to guard cells to promote stomatal closure. Although several transmembrane ABA transporters have been identified, how the movement of ABA within plants is regulated is not fully understood. In this study, we determined that Arabidopsis NPF4.6, previously identified as an ABA transporter expressed in vascular tissues, is also present in guard cells and positively regulates stomatal closure in leaves. We also found that mutants defective in NPF5.1 had a higher leaf surface temperature compared to the wild type. Additionally, NPF5.1 mediated cellular ABA uptake when expressed in a heterologous yeast system. Promoter activities of NPF5.1 were detected in several leaf cell types. Taken together, these observations indicate that NPF5.1 negatively regulates stomatal closure by regulating the amount of ABA that can be transported from vascular tissues to guard cells.

Modulation of frequency and height of cytosolic calcium spikes by plasma membrane anion channels in guard cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Tahjib-Ul-Arif ◽  
Shintaro Munemasa ◽  
Toshiyuki Nakamura ◽  
Yoshimasa Nakamura ◽  
Yoshiyuki Murata
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Anion Channel ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Cytosolic Calcium ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Extracellular Calcium ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Anion Channels ◽  
In The Wild

Abstract Cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]cyt) elevation activates plasma membrane anion channels in guard cells, which is required for stomatal closure. However, involvement of the anion channels in the [Ca2+]cyt elevation remains unclear. We investigated the involvement using Arabidopsis thaliana anion channel mutants, slac1-4 slah3-3 and slac1-4 almt12-1. Extracellular calcium induced stomatal closure in the wild-type plants but not in the anion channel mutant plants whereas extracellular calcium induced [Ca2+]cyt elevation both in the wild-type guard cells and in the mutant guard cells. The peak height and the number of the [Ca2+]cyt spike were lower and larger in the slac1-4 slah3-3 than in the wild-type and the height and the number in the slac1-4 almt12-1 were much lower and much larger than in the wild-type. These results suggest that the anion channels are involved in the regulation of [Ca2+]cyt elevation in guard cells.

scholarly journals Stomatal Guard Cells Co-opted an Ancient ABA-Dependent Desiccation Survival System to Regulate Stomatal Closure

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 928-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christof Lind ◽  
Ingo Dreyer ◽  
Enrique J. López-Sanjurjo ◽  
Katharina von Meyer ◽  
Kimitsune Ishizaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Stomatal Guard Cells

scholarly journals Roles of Glutathione in Mediating Abscisic Acid Signaling and Its Regulation of Seed Dormancy and Drought Tolerance

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1620
Author(s):  
Murali Krishna Koramutla ◽  
Manisha Negi ◽  
Belay T. Ayele
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Signal Perception

Plant growth and development and interactions with the environment are regulated by phytohormones and other signaling molecules. During their evolution, plants have developed strategies for efficient signal perception and for the activation of signal transduction cascades to maintain proper growth and development, in particular under adverse environmental conditions. Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the phytohormones known to regulate plant developmental events and tolerance to environmental stresses. The role of ABA is mediated by both its accumulated level, which is regulated by its biosynthesis and catabolism, and signaling, all of which are influenced by complex regulatory mechanisms. Under stress conditions, plants employ enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant strategies to scavenge excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitigate the negative effects of oxidative stress. Glutathione (GSH) is one of the main antioxidant molecules playing a critical role in plant survival under stress conditions through the detoxification of excess ROS, maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and regulating protein functions. GSH has recently emerged as an important signaling molecule regulating ABA signal transduction and associated developmental events, and response to stressors. This review highlights the current knowledge on the interplay between ABA and GSH in regulating seed dormancy, germination, stomatal closure and tolerance to drought.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification of Long Non-coding RNA in Trifoliate Orange (Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf) Leaves in Response to Boron Deficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao-Feng Zhou ◽  
Li-Ping Zhang ◽  
Bi-Xian Li ◽  
Ou Sheng ◽  
Qing-Jiang Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in plant growth and stress responses. As a dominant abiotic stress factor in soil, boron (B) deficiency stress has impacted the growth and development of citrus in the red soil region of southern China. In the present work, we performed a genome-wide identification and characterization of lncRNAs in response to B deficiency stress in the leaves of trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata), an important rootstock of citrus. A total of 2101 unique lncRNAs and 24,534 mRNAs were predicted. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) experiments were performed for a total of 16 random mRNAs and lncRNAs to validate their existence and expression patterns. Expression profiling of the leaves of trifoliate orange under B deficiency stress identified 729 up-regulated and 721 down-regulated lncRNAs, and 8419 up-regulated and 8395 down-regulated mRNAs. Further analysis showed that a total of 84 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs) were up-regulated and 31 were down-regulated, where the number of up-regulated DELs was 2.71-fold that of down-regulated. A similar trend was also observed in differentially expressed mRNAs (DEMs, 4.21-fold). Functional annotation of these DEMs was performed using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses, and the results demonstrated an enrichment of the categories of the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis/lignin biosynthesis), plant hormone signal transduction and the calcium signaling pathway. LncRNA target gene enrichment identified several target genes that were involved in plant hormones, and the expression of lncRNAs and their target genes was significantly influenced. Therefore, our results suggest that lncRNAs can regulate the metabolism and signal transduction of plant hormones, which play an important role in the responses of citrus plants to B deficiency stress. Co-expression network analysis indicated that 468 significantly differentially expressed genes may be potential targets of 90 lncRNAs, and a total of 838 matched lncRNA-mRNA pairs were identified. In summary, our data provides a rich resource of candidate lncRNAs and mRNAs, as well as their related pathways, thereby improving our understanding of the role of lncRNAs in response to B deficiency stress, and in symptom formation caused by B deficiency in the leaves of trifoliate orange.

scholarly journals Evolution of chloroplast retrograde signaling facilitates green plant adaptation to land

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (11) ◽  
pp. 5015-5020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenchen Zhao ◽  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
Kai Xun Chan ◽  
D. Blaine Marchant ◽  
Peter J. Franks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Physcomitrella Patens ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Retrograde Signaling ◽  
Plant Adaptation ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Stomatal Regulation

Chloroplast retrograde signaling networks are vital for chloroplast biogenesis, operation, and signaling, including excess light and drought stress signaling. To date, retrograde signaling has been considered in the context of land plant adaptation, but not regarding the origin and evolution of signaling cascades linking chloroplast function to stomatal regulation. We show that key elements of the chloroplast retrograde signaling process, the nucleotide phosphatase (SAL1) and 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphate (PAP) metabolism, evolved in streptophyte algae—the algal ancestors of land plants. We discover an early evolution of SAL1-PAP chloroplast retrograde signaling in stomatal regulation based on conserved gene and protein structure, function, and enzyme activity and transit peptides of SAL1s in species including flowering plants, the fern Ceratopteris richardii, and the moss Physcomitrella patens. Moreover, we demonstrate that PAP regulates stomatal closure via secondary messengers and ion transport in guard cells of these diverse lineages. The origin of stomata facilitated gas exchange in the earliest land plants. Our findings suggest that the conquest of land by plants was enabled by rapid response to drought stress through the deployment of an ancestral SAL1-PAP signaling pathway, intersecting with the core abscisic acid signaling in stomatal guard cells.

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