Hydro-diplomacy Towards Peace Ecology: The Case of the Indus Water Treaty Between India and Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 591-613
Author(s):  
Saima Sabit Ali ◽  
Mansee Bal Bhargava
Keyword(s):  
Water Treaty

Capital in a Disputed Land

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peer Ghulam Nabi Suhail
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Account ◽  
Land Grabbing ◽  
Water Politics ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
The World ◽  
Land Grabs ◽  
Water Treaty

This chapter provides a detailed account of the Indus Water Treaty and hydropower politics in Kashmir. It argues, that peasants’ narratives are engulfed and ignored in India and Pakistan water-politics and provides a brief account of land-grabs around the world and land-grabbing in conflict zones. Land-grabs in Kashmir cannot only be understood through contemporary land-grabbing framework, hence this chapter also explains the processes, methodology, and significance of this research.

Revisiting Indus Water Treaty

2020 ◽  
pp. 241-256
Author(s):  
Vaibhavi Palsule
Keyword(s):  
Water Treaty

scholarly journals An Engineering Perspective of Water Sharing Issues in Pakistan

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tariq ◽  
Nick van de Giesen ◽  
Shahmir Janjua ◽  
Muhammad Shahid ◽  
Rashid Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Footprint ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Allocation Policy ◽  
Water Sharing ◽  
Water Treaty

Water sharing within the states/provinces of a country and cross-border is unavoidable. Conflicts between the sharing entities might turn more severe due to additional dependency on water, growing population, and reduced availability as a result of climate change at many locations. Pakistan, being an agricultural country, is severely water stressed and heading toward a worsening situation in the near future. Pakistan is heading toward water scarcity as water availability in the Indus basin is becoming critical. Being a downstream riparian of India and Afghanistan in the Indus basin, water availability depends on the releases of water from both countries. The Indus Water Treaty is governing the water distribution rights between India and Pakistan. However, there exists no proper agreement between Pakistan and Afghanistan and the construction of new dams on the Kabul River is another threat to water availability to Pakistan. Correct implementation of the Indus Water Treaty with India is required, together with an effective agreement with Afghanistan about the water sharing. In addition to water shortage, poor management of water resources, inequitable sharing of water, lack of a systematic approach, old-fashioned irrigation practices, and growing agricultural products with large water footprints are all exacerbating the problem. The water shortage is now increasingly countered by the use of groundwater. This sudden high extraction of groundwater is causing depletion of the groundwater table and groundwater quality issues. This water shortage is exacerbating the provincial conflicts over water, such as those between Punjab and Sindh provinces. At one end, a uniform nationwide water allocation policy is required. At the same time, modern irrigation techniques and low-water-footprint agricultural products should be promoted. A fair water-pricing mechanism of surface water and groundwater could be an effective measure, whereas a strict policy on groundwater usage is equally important. Political will and determination to address the water issues are required. The solutions must be based on transparency and equity, by using engineering approaches, combined with comprehensive social support. To develop a comprehensive water strategy, a dedicated technopolitical institute to strengthen the capabilities of nationwide expertise and address the issues on a regular basis is required to overcome the complex and multidimensional water-related problems of the country.

Understanding India-Pakistan water politics since the signing of the Indus Water Treaty

Water Policy ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 1070-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Opangmeren Jamir
Keyword(s):  
Water Politics ◽  
Water Sharing ◽  
Water Treaty

On 19 September 1960, the Indus Water Treaty (IWT) was signed between India and Pakistan, presumably resolving the conflict of Indus water sharing. Nevertheless, over the years the conflict has re-appeared, dragging both the riparian states into confrontation. This paper explores the reasons that lead to conflict despite the Indus water sharing having already been resolved by the IWT. Analysis of the documentation shows that increasing construction of hydropower projects by India instigates conflict between the riparian states. The paper also analyzes two variables that will actualize the possibility of further conflict if correct steps are not taken. The paper concludes in ascertaining the credibility of the IWT to precisely address the challenges vis-à-vis issues that have resurfaced in Indus water sharing.

scholarly journals INDO-PAK HYDROPOLITICS: IMPLICATIONS FOR DISPUTED JAMMU AND KASHMIR

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Sardar Jahanzaib ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
First Century ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Glass Model ◽  
Dialogue Process ◽  
Water Treaty ◽  
Hourglass Model ◽  
Water Issues

India and Pakistan have been fighting over Kashmir, a contested region that is claimed by both the countries. Competition over waterways and dependence over water assets of Kashmir remains a bone of contention between India and Pakistan. This Research paper discusses the dependence of India and Pakistan over water sources originating from Kashmir. Kashmir, besides emotional attachment also has strategic, economic and political benefits for India and Pakistan. In the twenty first century, traditional concepts of state security have been changed. We have moved from traditional security aspects to non-traditional security aspects. Water is included in one of the non-traditional security aspects. India having all cards in hands is showing its’ hegemonic by choking the loose points of Pakistan. Though Indus Water treaty was signed in 1960’s to resolve the water issues between the two countries, but still we have not found any direct solution that will resolve the water crisis and provide permanent peace in the region. There is no way forward which will provide a win win situation for India, Pakistan and Kashmir in Indus water treaty. The researcher accounted that Indus Water Treaty has proved successful as far as its’ theoretical approach is concerned, but has failed in implementation and practicality. The researcher has used Hourglass model to analyze the Indus Water Treaty and to suggest the way forward that will lead towards a conflict resolution. Mixed methods have been used in the research from secondary sources to analyze water dependence. The research also seeks to analyze Indus water treaty and to explore the prospects for equal division of water resources. The subject matter of the research is Indo-Pak water dependency over water of Kashmir with a focus on how it will contribute towards the socio-economic status of India and Pakistan in the region and also how much dependence on water would affect the regional peace and stability in Kashmir conflict. Keywords: Conflict resolution, Hourglass glass model, Kashmir conflict, India-Pakistan water dependency, Indus water Treaty, Composite Dialogue process.

scholarly journals Water Politics between Pakistan and India: An Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
Muhammad Javed ◽  
Israr Rasool ◽  
Dr. Ghulam Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Water Crisis ◽  
Indus River ◽  
Water Politics ◽  
Operation Mechanism ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Water Treaty

Pakistan is blessed with rich natural resources in which water resources are the major ones. Yet the level of this important resource has been reached at an alarming level due to myriad factors such as misuse, mismanagement, and politics in water sectors at both levels national and international. The study is presenting an overview of the state of the Indus Water Treaty, Indus River Basin, and conflict between India and Pakistan in the wake of the Indus Water Treaty (IWT). The focus of the study is to reveal the hegemony of India on international waters and its relations with the outer world. Moreover, the research study has presented root causes of the water crisis, hydro politics in the South Asia region, the hegemony of India on international waters. Water management policies and co-operation mechanism is required between Pakistan and India to cope with the challenge of water shortage.

scholarly journals Indus Water Treaty: Past Present and Future

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-86
Author(s):  
Shahnawaz Mantoo
Keyword(s):  
Historical Background ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Boundary Line ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Water Treaty ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
Indus Waters Treaty ◽  
Irrigation Waters

Natural resources are fundamental and imperative for the existence and evolution of human civilizations. Water being most important scarce natural resource has become a contentious political issue in the world. South Asia being a less connected and conflict ridden region, Water related conflicts have been a dominant area of concern. At the time of independence, the boundary line between the two newly created independent countries, i.e. Pakistan and India was drawn right across the Indus Basin, leaving Pakistan as the lower riparian. Dispute thus arose between the two countries regarding the utilization of irrigation waters from existing facilities. The negotiations held under the World Bank, culminated in the signing of Indus Waters Treaty in 1960. The paper will examine the historical background of the treaty; the contentious developments which have arose over the years and will also discuss the Kashmir perspective on the treaty. The paper will also evaluate the present disagreeing arguments of both states over the treaty.

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