The Role of Applied Cognitive Technology and Assistive Technology in Supporting the Adaptive Behavior of People with Intellectual Disability

Abstract Definitions and associated descriptions of the condition now commonly known as intellectual disability serve many functions. The Atkins v. Virginia U.S. Supreme Court decision (2002) has called attention to the importance of clear, objective, and measureable wording of the definition. This article discusses the potential for misunderstanding and misinterpretation of such words as ability and cognitive, the importance of clarifying the role of measurement error and sociocultural factors, and the noncausal relationship between impairment in intelligence and adaptive behavior.

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Intellectual Disability

International Research Journal of Engineering IT & Scientific Research ◽

10.21744/irjeis.v3i5.532 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Hepsiba ◽

MVR. Raju

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Disability ◽

Standardized Tests ◽

Adaptive Behavior ◽

Visual Cues ◽

Intellectual Functioning ◽

Community Environment ◽

Living Skills ◽

Everyday Living

Intellectual disability is a disability that occurs before age 18. People with this disability experience significant limitations in two main areas: 1) Intellectual functioning and 2) Adaptive behavior. These limitations are expressed in the person’s conceptual, social and practical everyday living skills. A number of people with intellectual disability are mildly affected, making the disability difficult to recognize without visual cues. Intellectual disability is diagnosed through the use of standardized tests of intelligence and adaptive behavior. In this article, we will examine the symptoms and causes of intellectual disability and go through the diagnosis of intellectual disability using standardized tests of intelligence and discuss the role of the community environment and needed support.

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Role of Assistive Technology in the Education of Students With Special Needs

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3568245 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hart Rabonye

Keyword(s):

Assistive Technology ◽

Special Needs ◽

Students With Special Needs ◽

Education Of Students

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Loss of Ftsj1 perturbs codon-specific translation efficiency in the brain and is associated with X-linked intellectual disability

Science Advances ◽

10.1126/sciadv.abf3072 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (13) ◽

pp. eabf3072

Author(s):

Y. Nagayoshi ◽

T. Chujo ◽

S. Hirata ◽

H. Nakatsuka ◽

C.-W. Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Disability ◽

State Level ◽

Memory Deficits ◽

Ribosome Profiling ◽

Translation Efficiency ◽

Trna Modification ◽

Synaptic Organization ◽

Transfer Rnas ◽

The Brain

FtsJ RNA 2′-O-methyltransferase 1 (FTSJ1) gene has been implicated in X-linked intellectual disability (XLID), but the molecular pathogenesis is unknown. We show that Ftsj1 is responsible for 2′-O-methylation of 11 species of cytosolic transfer RNAs (tRNAs) at the anticodon region, and these modifications are abolished in Ftsj1 knockout (KO) mice and XLID patient–derived cells. Loss of 2′-O-methylation in Ftsj1 KO mouse selectively reduced the steady-state level of tRNAPhe in the brain, resulting in a slow decoding at Phe codons. Ribosome profiling showed that translation efficiency is significantly reduced in a subset of genes that need to be efficiently translated to support synaptic organization and functions. Ftsj1 KO mice display immature synaptic morphology and aberrant synaptic plasticity, which are associated with anxiety-like and memory deficits. The data illuminate a fundamental role of tRNA modification in the brain through regulation of translation efficiency and provide mechanistic insights into FTSJ1-related XLID.

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