scholarly journals Advances in Two-Line Heterosis Breeding in Rice via the Temperature-Sensitive Genetic Male Sterility System

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-145
Author(s):  
Jauhar Ali ◽  
Madonna Dela Paz ◽  
Christian John Robiso
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Gis Mapping ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Chemical Inputs ◽  
Heterosis Breeding

AbstractHybrid rice technology is a viable strategy to increase rice production and productivity, especially in countries with limited cultivable land for agriculture and irrigation water, along with costlier chemical inputs. The three-line hybrid rice technology adoption rate is slowing down because of restricted heterosis per se, the availability of better combining ability in cytoplasmic male sterile lines, lower hybrid seed reproducibility, and limited market acceptability of hybrids. Two-line heterosis breeding could overcome these shortcomings. However, the wide-scale adoption and use of two-line hybrid rice technology are possible through systematic research and breeding efforts to develop temperature-sensitive genetic male sterile (TGMS) lines with low (<24 °C) critical sterility temperature point, which is discussed in this chapter. Research on the genetics, breeding, grain quality, and resistance to insect pests and diseases for TGMS line development and physiological characterization is also discussed. In addition, the identification and validation of natural sites for TGMS self-seed multiplication and hybrid rice seed production through GIS mapping and climatic data analytical tools are also tackled. The development of high-yielding two-line rice hybrids and improvement in hybrid rice seed reproducibility could help in their wide-scale adoption.

scholarly journals New Temperature Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Lines with Better Outcrossing Ability for Production of Two-Line Hybrid Rice

Rice Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. Arasakesary ◽  
S. Manonmani ◽  
R. Pushpam ◽  
S. Robin
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Male Sterile

scholarly journals Characteristics of Fertility Transition Response to the Cumulative Effective Low Temperature in a Two-Line Male Sterile Rice Cultivar

Rice ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linxuan Wu ◽  
Huazhen Rong ◽  
Chun Chen ◽  
Xin Lin ◽  
Jiafeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Fertility Transition ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Male Sterile

Abstract Background Photo-thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (PTGMS) rice (Oryza sativa L.) is usually considered two-line male sterile rice because of its dual-purpose in two-line hybrid rice system: under short days and low temperatures, it is fertile and used for self-propagation, but under long days and high temperatures, it is sterile and used for hybrid seed production. Therefore, photoperiod and temperature conditions are extremely important for the fertility transition of two-line male sterile rice. In recent years, there have been frequent occurrences of abnormally low-temperature (ALT) resulting in failure of two-line hybrid rice seed production. The daily average temperature (DAT) during ALT events is sometimes higher than the critical sterility-inducing temperature (CSIT) of two-line male sterile rice, of which the night temperature is lower than the CSIT. DAT has been traditionally used as the single indicator of pollen fertility transition, but it is unknown why the fertility of two-line male sterile rice in seed production restored fertility under ALT conditions. Results For Hang93S (H93S), a newly released PTGMS line, we hypothesized fertility transition is determined mainly by the cumulative effective low temperature (ELT) and only a certain duration of low temperature is required every day during the fertility-sensitive period. This study simulated ALTs where the DAT was higher than the CSIT while some segments of night temperature were lower than the CSIT. The results showed H93S exhibited a fertility transition to varying degrees. Moreover, fertility was restored under simulated ALT conditions and pollen fertility increased with increasing cumulative ELT, indicating that the fertility transition was affected primarily by the cumulative ELT. Results also indicated that pollen fertility increased as the number of treatment days increased. Conclusions The fertility transition is caused mainly by the cumulative ELT. In two-line male sterile rice breeding, the effects of day length, ALT at night, and continuous response days should be considered together. The present study provides new insight into fertility transition so breeders can more effectively utilize the two-line male sterile rice, H93S, in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Production of Hybrid Rice seeds using environment sensitive genic male sterile (EGMS) and basmati rice lines in Kenya

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Njiruh Paul Nthakanio ◽  
Kariuki Simon Njau
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Male Gamete ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Basmati Rice ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Male Gametes ◽  
Rice Seeds ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPhotoperiod-sensitive genic male sterile rice (PGMS) lines IR-73827-23-76-15-7 S, IR-75589-31-27-8-33S referred to as P1 and P2, and IR-77271-42-25-4-36S, thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) line referred to as T were obtained from International Rice research Institute. These lines, collectively known as environment genic male sterile lines, were sown under greenhouse growth conditions where temperatures were more than 34°C with an objective of inducing complete male gamete sterility in them. Results indicated that high temperature growth conditions induces complete male gamete sterility in both the PGMS and TGMS lines. The impact of this is that, it will be possible to produce pure basmati hybrid rice seed in the tropical regions without contamination with pure breed lines. The male sterile PGMS/TGMS were pollinated with pollen from basmati370 and 217 grown under natural conditions and some hybrid seeds were obtained. This shows that high temperature emasculated the male gametes but not female ones. The conclusion is that it is possible to induce complete male gamete sterility in PGMS and TGMS under greenhouse in tropical growth conditions, and to produce hybrid rice seeds. This makes basmati hybrid rice seed production in Kenya a viable venture.

scholarly journals Breeding of the Dormant Thermosensitive Genic Male-Sterile Lines of Early Rice to Overcome Pre-Harvest Sprouting of the Hybrid Seeds

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Chen ◽  
Yun Tian ◽  
Xiangyang Lu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Oryza Rufipogon ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Early Rice

The pollen development of male-sterile lines should be conducted during the high temperature season to ensure the sterility of male-sterile line pollen and the safety of hybrid seed production in the breeding of thermosensitive genic male-sterile (TGMS) lines of early rice. However, the mature hybrid rice seeds are prone to pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) during hot, rainy days, which leads to the decrease of hybrid rice seed quality or a loss of utilization value. In this study, with an aim to bring a dormancy trait from the dormant genotype to the current low-dormant TGMS lines, a common wild rice “Chaling” (Oryza rufipogon), which has strong seed dormancy, a large black stigma, and a high exsertion rate, was hybridized with the early rice TGMS line “Zhu 1S,” which often exhibits PHS. After screening for early maturing and seed dormancy, the early rice “Yezao S” and “Yezhuzao S,” with the characteristic of seed dormancy, were selected. The critical temperature of high temperature sterility for these two male-sterile lines was below 23.5 °C. The stigma of “Yezao S” was black and its exsertion rate was 79.9%, while “Yezhuzao S” had a colorless stigma with an exsertion rate of 76.8%. The expression of the genes OsNCEDs in “Yezao S” and “Yezhuzao S” were significantly higher than that in “Zhu 1S” the 15th day after heading, and the abscisic acid (ABA) content was also higher than that of “Zhu 1S” the 20th day after heading. The results indicated that introducing the dormancy characteristics from wild rice “Chaling” into the early rice TGMS lines was an effective way to prevent PHS.

scholarly journals Floral traits and flowering behaviors of Malaysian rice cytoplasmic male sterile and maintainer lines and its relationship with out-crossing performance

2021 ◽  
pp. 180-186
Author(s):  
Shahida Hashim ◽  
Phebe Ding ◽  
Mohd Firdaus Ismail ◽  
Asfaliza Ramli
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Floral Trait ◽  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterile ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Parental Lines

Rice is a strictly self-pollinating crop. However, in hybrid rice seed production, an effective male sterility system is used to produce hybrid seed in bulk. In hybrid rice system, the pollen grains of cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) are sterile and the female organ of the CMS depends on the fertile pollen released by the maintainer or restorer lines via out-crossing or cross-pollination in order to produce seed. Floral trait and flowering behavior of CMS and its corresponding maintainer or restorer lines are essential factors in hybrid rice seed production because they influenced the out-crossing or cross-pollination between parental lines. Two local CMSs and their corresponding maintainer lines were developed through breeding program in Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI) namely 0025A/0025B and 0047A/0047B. This study was carried out on floral traits and flowering behavior of these two hybrid line. Present studies have shown that there were variations between the CMS and its maintainer lines whether on floral trait or flowering behavior for both hybrid rice combinations. The results showed that stigma characters for both 0025A and 0047 were superior than their respective maintainers. Therefore, it is expected that the out-crossing rate would be high. Seeding date intervals need to be done on 0025A/0025B during nursery stage because the on-set of flowering between parental lines was significantly different. Panicle of both CMS was also classified as just exserted and partially-exserted and application of exogenous hormones such as gibberellic acid was useful to improve panicle elongation and consequently increase the seed set and yield. Correlation study indicates that the stigma area of both 0025A and 0047A has significant positive correlation with out-crossing rate.

scholarly journals Leaf-derived ABA regulates rice seed development via a transporter-mediated and temperature-sensitive mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. eabc8873
Author(s):  
Peng Qin ◽  
Guohua Zhang ◽  
Binhua Hu ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
Weilan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Mechanistic Basis

Long-distance transport of the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) has been studied for ~50 years, yet its mechanistic basis and biological significance remain very poorly understood. Here, we show that leaf-derived ABA controls rice seed development in a temperature-dependent manner and is regulated by defective grain-filling 1 (DG1), a multidrug and toxic compound extrusion transporter that effluxes ABA at nodes and rachilla. Specifically, ABA is biosynthesized in both WT and dg1 leaves, but only WT caryopses accumulate leaf-derived ABA. Our demonstration that leaf-derived ABA activates starch synthesis genes explains the incompletely filled and floury seed phenotypes in dg1. Both the DG1-mediated long-distance ABA transport efficiency and grain-filling phenotypes are temperature sensitive. Moreover, we extended these mechanistic insights to other cereals by observing similar grain-filling defects in a maize DG1 ortholog mutant. Our study demonstrates that rice uses a leaf-to-caryopsis ABA transport–based mechanism to ensure normal seed development in response to variable temperatures.

scholarly journals Detection of QTLs for Outcrossing-Related Traits in CSSL Population Derived from Primitive Japonica Accession Ludao in the Genetic Background of O. sativa spp. Japonica Restorer C-bao Using RSTEP-LRT Method

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Lal Bux ◽  
Dalu Li ◽  
Muhammad Faheem ◽  
Nour Ali ◽  
Muzafar Hussain Sirohi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Cms Line

The outcrossing traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) affect the yield of hybrid seed production. Using a cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line with good outcrossing traits, such as short flag leaf length (FLL), narrow flag leaf width (FLW), wide flag leaf angle (FLA), and elongated panicle neck length (PNL), for hybrid rice seed production, it is possible to avoid the procedure of cutting flag leaves and make the supplementary pollination feasible by machine. In this study, a japonica restorer C-bao as the receptor parent and a primitive japonica accession Ludao as the donor parent were used to construct a chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) population. The CSSL population was used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the four outcrossing traits using a likelihood ratio test based on the stepwise regression (RSTEP-LRT) method. The CSSL population constructed consisted of 163 lines covering 90.7% of the donor genome. Among the seven QTLs detected in the CSSL population, four QTLs were detected in both years. qFLL-4 explained 6.70% of the two-year-averaged phenotypic variance, and the alleles from Ludao decreased FLL 5.1 cm. qFLA-1.1 and qFLA-1.2 explained 7.85% and 21.29% of the 2-year-averaged phenotypic variance respectively, and the alleles from Ludao increased FLA 17.38° and 31.50°. qPNL-8 explained 8.87% of the 2-year-averaged phenotypic variance, and the alleles from Ludao increased PNL 4.44 cm. These favorable alleles identified could be used to improve the outcrossing traits of parents for hybrid rice seed production in rice.

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